840 research outputs found
Atypical pulmonary cysts in lung cancer screening: prevalence, outcomes, and clinical implications
No full textOBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine the prevalence and clinical outcomes of atypical pulmonary cysts (APCs) in lung cancer screening (LCS) and evaluate the impact of APC introduction on Lung-RADS v2022 categorization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 2968 low-dose baseline chest CT scans from LCS participants between June 2017 and April 2023. Two thoracic radiologists assessed the presence and type of APCs and evaluated interval changes. We also investigated how the introduction of APC changed Lung-RADS categories. Interobserver agreement was assessed using Cohen's kappa coefficient. RESULTS: Of the 2968 participants (2900 men, 68 women; median age: 61 years [IQR: 57-65]), 18 (0.6%) had APCs. The interobserver agreement for APC presence was fair (kappa = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.07-0.44). Among the 16 APC cases with follow-up CTs (median follow-up: 22 months), lung cancer was confirmed in three cases (18.8%). Among the remaining 13 APCs, 4 (30.8%) showed growth, 7 (53.8%) showed no change and 2 (15.4%) exhibited decreased wall thickness. Histological confirmation was not obtained for these 13 cases, indicating a minimum cancer rate of 18.8%. The introduction of APC led to a positive result change in 0.4% of participants (12/2968), with two lung cancer cases among them. CONCLUSION: APCs were infrequent in LCS, with a 0.6% prevalence, but had a high cancer rate (18.8%). Although the introduction of APC led to a 0.4% increase in positive screenings, this is considered acceptable as it included two lung cancer cases, highlighting the importance of recognizing APCs for early lung cancer detection. KEY POINTS: Question What is the prevalence and clinical significance of APCs detected during LCS, and how do they impact diagnostic outcomes? Findings APCs were detected in 0.6% of participants, with a high cancer rate of at least 18.8%, and increased screening positive results by 0.4%. Clinical relevance APCs during LCS, although uncommon, are crucial because of their high risk of lung cancer. This enhances early detection of lung cancer and improves patient management strategies
Interreader Agreement of Lung-RADS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textBACKGROUND. Lung-RADS has shown variable interreader agreement in the literature, in part related to a broad range of factors that may influence the consistency of its implementation. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to assess the interreader agreement of Lung-RADS and to investigate factors influencing the system's variability. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION. The Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane databases were searched for original research studies published through June 18, 2024, that reported the interreader agreement of Lung-RADS on chest CT. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled kappa coefficients for Lung-RADS categorization and pooled intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for nodule size measurements. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored using metaregression analyses. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS. The analysis included 11 studies (1470 patients) for Lung-RADS categorization and five studies (617 patients) for nodule size measurement. Interreader agreement for Lung-RADS categorization was substantial (kappa = 0.72 [95% CI, 0.57-0.82]), and that for nodule size measurement was almost perfect (ICC = 0.97 [95% CI, 0.90-0.99]). Interreader agreement for Lung-RADS categorization was significantly associated with the method of nodule measurement (p = .005), with pooled kappa coefficients of 0.95, 0.91, and 0.66 for studies using computer-aided detection (CAD)-based semiautomated volume measurements, CAD-based semiautomated diameter measurements, and manual diameter measurements, respectively. Interreader agreement for Lung-RADS categorization was also significantly associated with studies' nodule type distribution (p < .001), with pooled kappa coefficients of 0.85, 0.76, and 0.55 for studies evaluating 100% solid nodules, 30-99% solid nodules, and fewer than 30% solid nodules, respectively. Interreader agreement for nodule size measurement was significantly associated with radiation dose (p < .001), with pooled ICCs of 0.97, 0.96, and 0.59 for studies that used standard-dose CT, low-dose CT, and ultralow-dose CT, respectively. Interreader agreement for nodule size measurement was also significantly associated with the Lung-RADS version that was used (p = .02), with pooled ICCs of 0.99 and 0.93 for studies using Lung-RADS 1.1 and Lung-RADS 1.0, respectively. CONCLUSION. Although they support the overall reliability of Lung-RADS, the findings indicate roles for CAD assistance as well as training and standardized approaches for nodule type characterization to further promote reproducible application. CLINICAL IMPACT. Consistent nodule assessments will be critical for Lung-RADS to optimally impact patient management and outcomes
Connective tissue growth factor linked to the E7 tumor antigen generates potent antitumor immune responses mediated by an antiapoptotic mechanism.
No full textA novel picoliter droplet array for parallel real-time polymerase chain reaction based on double-inkjet printing
No full textYC-1 inhibits HIF-1expression in prostate cancer cells: contribution of Akt/NFB signaling to HIF- accumulation during hypoxia.
No full textOn the Successful Encapsulation of Water Droplets into Oil Droplets
No full textCompound water-in-oil microdroplets can serve as microreactors in chemical and biological analyses. The inkjet printing is a useful technique to generate compound microdroplets by droplet impact. To understand the underlying physics during the droplet impact, a combined experimental and numerical study is carried out. The effect of spreading condition, impact velocity, and oil viscosity are investigated. The balance of the tripe-line among the three interfaces dominates primarily the stable morphology of the compound droplet. Reducing oil viscosity can reduce the required impact velocity. High impact velocity is necessary to reduce the side-slipping of the water droplet
FOURIER TRANSRORM EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY OF THE SYSTEM OF YN.
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona; Department of Chemistry, University of WaterlooThe electronic emission spectrum of YN has been observed in the 2.3-2.6 spectral region using a Fourier transform spectrometer. The bands were excited in a yurium hollow cathode lamp in the presence of a trace of molecular nitrogen. The observed bands, with origins at 3882.7625(4), 4229.0457(3), 4528. 6562(46), 4798.5145(13), 5049.4429(20) and 5281.2129(27), have been assigned as the 0-0, 1-1, 3-3, 4-4 and 5-5 vibrational bands, respectively, of the electronic transition. The principal equilibrium constants for the ground state obtained from this analysis are {\AA} and the corresponding excited state values are and {\AA}. This work represents the first observation of the YN molecule
Complete Genome Sequence of Human Echovirus 20 Strain 812/YN/CHN/2010, Associated with Severe Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease
No full textABSTRACT
Human echovirus 20 (E-20) belongs to the
Human enterovirus B
(HEV-B) species and is often detected in nonpolio enterovirus cases of acute flaccid paralysis. We determined the complete genome of strain 812/YN/CHN/2010, isolated from a child with severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Yunnan, China, in 2010.
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Motesanib diphosphate in progressive differentiated thyroid cancer
No full textBACKGROUND:
The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is characteristic of differentiated thyroid cancer and is associated with aggressive tumor behavior and a poor clinical outcome. Motesanib diphosphate (AMG 706) is a novel oral inhibitor of VEGF receptors, platelet-derived growth-factor receptor, and KIT.
METHODS:
In an open-label, single-group, phase 2 study, we treated 93 patients who had progressive, locally advanced or metastatic, radioiodine-resistant differentiated thyroid cancer with 125 mg of motesanib diphosphate, administered orally once daily. The primary end point was an objective response as assessed by an independent radiographic review. Additional end points included the duration of the response, progression-free survival, safety, and changes in serum thyroglobulin concentration.
RESULTS:
Of the 93 patients, 57 (61%) had papillary thyroid carcinoma. The objective response rate was 14%. Stable disease was achieved in 67% of the patients, and stable disease was maintained for 24 weeks or longer in 35%; 8% had progressive disease as the best response. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the median duration of the response was 32 weeks (the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval [CI] was 24; the upper limit could not be estimated because of an insufficient number of events); the estimate of median progression-free survival was 40 weeks (95% CI, 32 to 50). Among the 75 patients in whom thyroglobulin analysis was performed, 81% had decreased serum thyroglobulin concentrations during treatment, as compared with baseline levels. The most common treatment-related adverse events were diarrhea (in 59% of the patients), hypertension (56%), fatigue (46%), and weight loss (40%).
CONCLUSIONS:
Motesanib diphosphate can induce partial responses in patients with advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer that is progressive. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00121628.
Amynthas dentiformis Sun & Jiang & Bartlam & Qiu & Hu 2018, sp. nov.
No full textAmynthas dentiformis Sun & Jiang, sp. nov. (Figure 4) Type material. Holotype: One clitellate (C-YN 201105 -02A) specimen, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna National Natural Reserve (22°02'25"N, 100°23'17"E), 846 m asl, in tropical monsoon forest, latosolic red soil, 19 Jul. 2011, J. B. Jiang, J. Sun, H. W. Feng and X. D. Lei coll. Paratypes: A total of 23 specimens, as follows: One clitellate (C-YN 201105 -02B), same data as for holotype. Three clitellates (C-FJ 201112 -01), China, Fujian Province, Meihuashan National Natural Reserve (25°14'59"N, 116°50'09"E), 810 m asl, topsoil below reed in Midsubtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, red soil, 13 Jul. 2011, J. B. Jiang, J. Sun, H. W. Feng and X. D. Lei coll. Five clitellates (C-GX201301-01), China, Guangxi Province, Shiwandashan National Natural Reserve (21°29'09"N, 107°34'12"E), 130 m asl, in northern tropical evergreen monsoon forest, sandy red soil with abundant organic matter, 11 May 2013, J. P. Qiu, Y. Hong, J. B. Jiang, L. L. Zhang and Y. Dong coll. One clitellate (C- GX201306 -02), China, Guangxi Province, Shiwandashan National Natural Reserve (21°50'50"N, 107°53'23"E), 553 m asl, in northern tropical evergreen monsoon forest, mountain red soil, 13 May 2013, J. P. Qiu, Y. Hong, J. B. Jiang, L. L. Zhang and Y. Dong coll. Six clitellates and seven aclitellates (C-SCCZ2015003-01), China, Sichuan Province, Chongzhou City, jinjiang village (30°40'36"N, 103°40'59"E), 846 m asl, in warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest, brown soil, 22 Jun. 2015, J. Sun, Z. W. Yi and J. Yu coll. Etymology. This species is named after its intestinal caeca, which show tooth-shaped sacs on the two margins. Diagnosis. Medium-sized species; spermathecal pores two pairs in 7/8–8/9, without genital papillae; male pores always surrounded with two papillae, one anterior-medial to the male pore and another posterior-medial, and close to male pore; intestinal caeca have small sacs on the dorsal and ventral margins; prostate gland welldeveloped and occasionally with stalked accessory glands; spermathecal diverticulum shorter than the main spermathecal axis, distal ½ dilated into plump, heart-shaped, or elongated seminal chamber. Description. External characters. Preserved specimens dark brown on dorsum and light brown or even lacking pigment on ventrum. Mid-dorsal line pigmented posterior to clitellum. Dimensions 1 29–151 mm by 6–6.1 mm at clitellum, segments 118–134. Secondary annulations conspicuous in segments VII–XIII and XVII–XIX. Prostomium ½ epilobous. First dorsal pore in 11/12. Clitellum annular in XIV–XVI, smooth, swollen, no visible setae on ventral side. Setal counts, however, are not significantly different. Satae uniformly distributed, setal breaks slightly more distinct on dorsum than ventrum, 44–46 at III, 46–64 at V, 47–66 at VIII, 60–68 at XX, 60–66 at XXV; 20– 38/VIII between spermathecal pores, 16–17 between male pores, setal formula AA=1.0–1.4AB, ZZ=1.2–2ZY. Spermathecal pores two pairs, in 7/8–8/9, intersegmental, about 0.4 of circumference ventrally apart, conspicuous, with an apron-like skin fold surrounding each pore (Fig. 4A). No genital papillae in this region. Male pores in XVIII a little more than 0.33 of circumference ventrally apart, each on a pad-like porophore, elliptical, raised, and glandular, surrounded by 3–4 skin folds. Male pore papillae always present within the porophore pad, one small, flat-topped papilla medial and anterior to the male pore on XVIII; another small, flat-topped papilla medial, posterior, and closer to the male pore (Fig. 4B). Single female pore mid-ventral in XIV, milk-white, elliptical, and slightly swollen. Internal characters. Septa 8/9–9/10 absent, 5/6–7/8 and 10/11–13/14 thickened and muscular, 14/15–15/16 thicker than those following. Dorsal blood vessel single, continuous onto pharynx; esophageal hearts four pairs in X–XIII, the first pair less developed than the others. Gizzard bucket-shaped, in VIII–X; intestine swelling in XVI; intestinal caeca shaped between simple and complex, several small dentate sacs on dorsal and ventral margins, originating in XXVII and extending forward to XXIII (Fig. 4C). Male organs: Testis-sacs in X and XI; oval, separated ventro-medially. Seminal vesicles in XI, XII, moderately developed, the lobes connected ventro-medially with a tube. Prostate gland well-developed, coarsely lobate, in XVII–XX, distal end of its S-shaped duct is stout (Fig. 4D). No visible accessory glands on XVIII in holotype, but a stalked accessory gland medial to each prostate gland duct on XVIII in paratype C-SCCZ2015003-01. Female organs: Spermathecae paired in VIII–IX, about 3.7 mm long; ampulla oval and 3 mm long, duct stout; diverticulum 3.3 mm long, distal ¼ dilated into plump, heartshaped or elongated seminal chamber containing white twisted filler; no nephridia on spermathecal ducts (Fig. 4E). DNA barcodes. GenBank accession numbers KF205445 (C-FJ 201112 -01A, holotype), NC720143 (C- YN 201105 -02, paratype), KY774379 (C-SCCZ2015003-01, paratype). Remarks. Amynthas dentiformis sp. nov. keys to the Amynthas aeruginosus group (Sims & Easton 1972). This group is diagnosed by the presence of two pairs of spermathecal pores intersegmental in 7/8–8/9 and a holandric male sexual system. This relatively broadly distributed new species (Fujian, Guangxi, Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, China) is compared to three similar species in Table 1. These are the cosmopolitan Amynthas robustus (Perrier, 1872), according to the record in Chang et al.(2009) and Gates (1972), and two Chinese endemic species, Amynthas triastriatus (Chen, 1946) and Amynthas ultorius (Chen, 1935). These four species all have a medium to big body, similar pigment, the same spermathecal pore position and similarly shaped spermathecal seminal chamber. They may appear to have very similar male pore regions at first glance. However, each species has its own special characters. For example, the spermathecal pore region genital papillae do not exist in the new species, but are present in the three other species; the intestinal caeca are tooth-like on the ventral and dorsal margins in the new species, but simple in the other species. Furthermore, the length of spermathecal diverticulum, prostate glands, and accessory glands in spermathecal region and prostate gland region all show different characters in varying degrees.Published as part of Sun, Jing, Jiang, Ji-Bao, Bartlam, Scott, Qiu, Jiang-Ping & Hu, Feng, 2018, Four new Amynthas and Metaphire earthworm species from nine provinces in southern China, pp. 287-301 in Zootaxa 4496 (1) on pages 293-296, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.24, http://zenodo.org/record/144681
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