107 research outputs found
Humeome dynamics of paddy soil after short term rice cultivation
No full textHumeomics is a sequential chemical fractionation that uses in the order organic solvent extraction, transesterification with boron trifluoride in methanol, methanolic alkaline hydrolysis, cleavage of ether and glycosidic bonds with HI, and final alkaline extraction, The Humeomic procedure was applied for the first time directly on paddy soil after two cultivation seasons (2014 & 2015) and revealed a series of unique soil organic matter (SOM) fractions with specific molecular composition. Organic Carbon (OC) analysis revealed a significantly larger amount of humic component was solubilised in humeomic fractions (3.7 times more OC in 2014 and 2.5 times more in 2015) than it was extracted by the traditional alkaline extraction method, increasing the knowledge on SOM. The organosoluble to hydrosoluble organic carbon ratio of the fractions revealed increased hydrophobic protection of rice paddy soils even under short term cultivation period
Dynamics of paddy soil Humeome after short term rice cultivation
No full textRecent advances in humus chemistry indicated that the traditional macropolymeric view of humic matter is to be substituted with that of non-covalently linked supramolecular association of relatively small heterogeneous molecules of biological and plant origin, which are stabilized in soil by metal bridges, hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The traditional alkaline extraction of humic matter from soil have hardly satisfied the complete understanding of SOM conformational status and dynamics. The recognition of a supramolecular association for humic molecules has prompted the application of Humeomics in order to increase the knowledge on the molecular composition and aggregation of SOM. Humeomics is a sequential chemical fractionation that uses in the order organic solvent extraction, transesterification with boron trifluoride in methanol, methanolic alkaline hydrolysis, cleavage of ether and glycosidic bonds with HI, and final alkaline extraction. Humeomics was successfully applied on soils to identify, in a tilled agricultural soil, 2.35 times more OC than by the common alkaline extraction, to elucidate SOM degradation in molecular level after only one year of traditional tillage and to reveal molecular alteration of humic material after just one year of soil cultivation under wheat as compared to maize. Herein the Humeomics fractionation was applied directly on a paddy soil under short term rice cultivation (soil sampled in 2014 and 2015) to elucidate whether the SOM stability reported in rice paddies is linked to specific molecular composition changes. Organic Carbon (OC) analysis revealed a significantly larger amount of humic component that was solubilised in humeomic fractions (3.7 times more OC in 2014 and 2.5 times more in 2015) than it was extracted by the traditional alkaline extraction method, increasing the knowledge on SOM. The organosoluble to hydrosoluble organic carbon ratio of the fractions revealed increased hydrophobic protection of rice paddy soils even under short term cultivation period. In fact the overall Humeome after one year of rice cultivation, lost part of the hydrophilic amines and heterocyclic nitrogen compounds and gained hydrophobic fatty acids. These findings prove that the complex supramolecular arrangement of the soil Humeome dictates the stability of SOM which is absolutely related to the aliphatic hydrophobic components
Distance one lens space surgeries on L(5, 1) and L(7, 1) and band surgeries on 51 and 71 knot
No full textPh.D.In this thesis, we study distance one surgeries between lens spaces L(p, 1) with p ≥= 5 prime and lens spaces L(n; 1) for n ∈ Z and band surgeries from T(2, p) to T(2, n). In particular, we prove that L(n, 1) is obtained by a distance one surgery from L(5, 1) only if n = ±1, 4, ±5, 6 or ±9, and L(n, 1) is obtained by a distance one surgery from L(7, 1) if and only if n = ±1, 3, 6, 7, 8 or 11.本文的主要目的是研究當p為素數時，透鏡空間L(p, 1) 和L(n, 1) 之間距離為一的Dehn surgery, 以及環面扭結T(2, p) 和T(2, n) 之間的band surgery.Yang, Jingling.51 and 71 in title, 1 is subscript.Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2020.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-75).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 24 May, 2021)
The molecular properties of biochar carbon released in dilute acidic solution and its effects on maize seed germination
No full textIt is not yet clear whether the carbon released from biochar in the soil solution stimulates biological activities. Soluble fractions (AQU) from wheat and maize biochars, whose molecular content was thoroughly characterized by FTIR, (13)C and (1)H NMR, and high-resolution ESI-IT-TOF-MS, were separated in dilute acidic solution to simulate soil rhizospheric conditions and their effects evaluated on maize seeds germination activity. Elongation of maize-seeds coleoptile was significantly promoted by maize biochar AQU, whereas it was inhibited by wheat biochar AQU. Both AQU fractions contained relatively small heterocyclic nitrogen compounds, whose structures were accounted by their spectroscopic properties. Point-of-Zero-Charge (PZC) values and van Krevelen plots of identified masses of soluble components suggested that the dissolved carbon from maize biochar behaved as humic-like supramolecular material capable to adhere to seedlings and deliver bioactive molecules. These findings contribute to understand the biostimulation potential of biochars from crop biomasses when applied in agricultural production
Exploring the nature of soil organic matter from humic substances isolation to SOMics of molecular assemblage
No full textIn this review, the evolution of Soil Organic Matter(SOM) research was traced back to outline the
main achievement of understanding SOM in relation to its ecological functioning, particularly of carbon
sequestration against climate change. The short-coming of soil humus theory, knowledge of SOM protection and
stabilization, framework of newly emerged Humeomics as well as the increasingly active study of molecular
organics in soils were analyzed and discussed, highlighting the importance of re-visiting SOM in term of structureproperty-functions for the main mission of modern soil science. There were limitations of soil forming conditions,
fraction separation procedure and single molecule identification for understanding the huge complex humus of
larger sized synthesized molecules. Thanks to the ever-active studies of soil(organic) carbon sequestration and
stabilization focusing on the association status of SOM with soil components, SOM has been increasingly
recognized as an assemblage of metabolites from life activities on or in soil, with different allocation or protected in
mineral/organic complex phases, which could be traced by biomarker molecules. Using such biomarker molecules
as a target(like primer in molecular microbiology), all the molecules of SOM could be digested and isolated for
qualitative or quantitative identification with GC/MS high resolution technologies. Such development has emerged a
new paradigm of molecular SOM study, finally as SOMics as a modern soil science frontier. The functioning of
SOM for stabilizing soil structure, enhancing reactivity and promoting biological resistance could be correlated to
the paradigm of abundance, composition, structure and functions rather than the content and recalcitrance of SOM.
This may deserve urgent studies to quantify and parameterize the defined paradigm based on the molecular
composition of SOM. Again, such theory and technology development could provide a tool to manage SOM in
term of carbon sequestration but revalorizing bioactivity in ecosystems, especially in agroecosystems. We believe
such studies could rather depict the nature of SOM and of soil in relation to its ecological services and functioning,
which will be the focus of soil science in serving the sustainable development of human society
Root-Derived Short-Chain Suberin Diacids from Rice and Rape Seed in a Paddy Soil under Rice Cultivar Treatments.
No full textSuberin-derived substituted fatty acids have been shown to be potential biomarkers for plant-derived carbon (C) in soils across ecosystems. Analyzing root derived suberin compounds bound in soil could help to understand the root input into a soil organic carbon pool. In this study, bound lipids were extracted and identified in root and topsoil samples. Short-chain suberin diacids were quantified under rice (Oryza sativa L.) and rape (Brassica campestris) rotations with different cultivar combinations in a Chinese rice paddy. After removal of free lipids with sequential extraction, the residual bound lipids were obtained with saponification and derivatization before analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Diacids C16 and C18 in bound lipids were detected both in rice and rape root samples, while diacids C20 and C22 were detected only in rape root samples. Accordingly, diacids were quantified in both rhizosphere and bulk soil (0-15 cm). The amount of total root-derived diacids in bulk soil varied in a range of 5.6-9.6 mg/kg across growth stages and crop seasons. After one year-round rice-rape rotation, root-derived suberin diacids were maintained at a level of 7-9 mg/kg in bulk soil; this was higher under a super rice cultivar LY than under a hybrid cultivar IIY. While concentrations of the analyzed diacids were generally higher in rhizosphere than in bulk soil, the total diacid (DA) concentration was higher at the time of rape harvest than at rice harvest, suggesting that rape roots made a major contribution to the preservation of diacids in the paddy. Moreover, the net change in the concentration and the ratios of C16:0 DA to C18:1 DA, and of C16:0 DA to C18:0 DA, over a whole growing season, were greater under LY than under IIY, though there was no difference between cultivars within a single growth stage. Overall, total concentration of root-derived suberin diacids was found to be positively correlated to soil organic carbon concentration both for bulk soil and rhizosphere. However, the turnover and preservation of the root suberin biomolecules with soil property and field conditions deserve further field studies
Demand side approaches for congestion management in electricity market
No full textSince the early 1990s, deregulation of the power industry and the introduction of electricity market has unbundled the vertically integrated optimization of power system operation into distinct different optimization problems for generation and transmission operation separately. On top of that distribution network operation is also separately optimised. The increasing integration of renewable generation challenges the power system operation and the system operator plays an increasingly crucial role to organise the delivery of electricity through power trading associated with different forms of contracts. Among all the duties undertaken by the system operator, congestion management has become increasingly difficult but it is of absolute importance. However, most congestion management methods only concern with solutions from the supply side but assuming that the demand side remains unchanged. As the supply side is becoming less controllable and less predictable under the new generation environment, the quest for solution from the demand side arises. This thesis focuses on the investigation of network congestion arising in liberalised electricity markets and the management of congestion from the demand side with respect to identified existing and future challenges. To this purpose, new methodologies based on Demand Side Management are developed and modelled on Matlab platform. A simple but practical index, namely Economical Demand Management (EDM) index, is proposed for finding solution to manage the congestion from demand side based on Optimal Power Flow calculation and Locational Marginal Pricing. The efficacy of the proposed index has been validated on IEEE 14 and IEEE 30 systems. The values of the indices can be used to allocate the optimal load adjustment and determine the amount of demand side participation. Furthermore, a new load control methodology in the form of smart appliances that can be employed in the smart grid frame is also developed in this thesis. The proposed methodology is illustrated as a generalised technique based on load shifting, which has been mathematically formulated as a linear-constrained quadratic minimization problem. The proposed algorithm allows different control strategies to be applied according to the different attributes of the appliances, which is sufficiently general to be implemented in the real world. The implementation of the proposed load control methodology using case studies on a set of nationwide domestic smart appliance load shifting have been carried out with UK Power System data. Furthermore, combination of the proposed load control methodology and EDM index for congestion relief has been simulated on a network model. Also, their potential impacts from both economical and environmental aspects have been evaluated.Since the early 1990s, deregulation of the power industry and the introduction of electricity market has unbundled the vertically integrated optimization of power system operation into distinct different optimization problems for generation and transmission operation separately. On top of that distribution network operation is also separately optimised. The increasing integration of renewable generation challenges the power system operation and the system operator plays an increasingly crucial role to organise the delivery of electricity through power trading associated with different forms of contracts. Among all the duties undertaken by the system operator, congestion management has become increasingly difficult but it is of absolute importance. However, most congestion management methods only concern with solutions from the supply side but assuming that the demand side remains unchanged. As the supply side is becoming less controllable and less predictable under the new generation environment, the quest for solution from the demand side arises. This thesis focuses on the investigation of network congestion arising in liberalised electricity markets and the management of congestion from the demand side with respect to identified existing and future challenges. To this purpose, new methodologies based on Demand Side Management are developed and modelled on Matlab platform. A simple but practical index, namely Economical Demand Management (EDM) index, is proposed for finding solution to manage the congestion from demand side based on Optimal Power Flow calculation and Locational Marginal Pricing. The efficacy of the proposed index has been validated on IEEE 14 and IEEE 30 systems. The values of the indices can be used to allocate the optimal load adjustment and determine the amount of demand side participation. Furthermore, a new load control methodology in the form of smart appliances that can be employed in the smart grid frame is also developed in this thesis. The proposed methodology is illustrated as a generalised technique based on load shifting, which has been mathematically formulated as a linear-constrained quadratic minimization problem. The proposed algorithm allows different control strategies to be applied according to the different attributes of the appliances, which is sufficiently general to be implemented in the real world. The implementation of the proposed load control methodology using case studies on a set of nationwide domestic smart appliance load shifting have been carried out with UK Power System data. Furthermore, combination of the proposed load control methodology and EDM index for congestion relief has been simulated on a network model. Also, their potential impacts from both economical and environmental aspects have been evaluated
SetDroid: Detecting User-Configurable Setting Issues of Android Apps via Metamorphic Fuzzing
No full textWatching the bromance: Gender and subculture’s masquerade in contemporary China
No full textSubmission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2023-12-01The student, Ran Lin, accepted the attached license on 2021-12-08 at 12:56.The student, Ran Lin, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2021-12-08 at 15:26.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2021-12-10 at 08:48.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #17412 on 2022-04-06 at 17:18:02Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T21:47:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2021-12-10Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 123384
Lift date: 2024-04-29T21:47:53Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemAuthor requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I OnlyThis thesis explores Chinese bromance drama, a new genre of Chinese TV drama that insinuates the homoerotic relationship between male protagonists. This thesis regards the Chinese bromance drama as a masquerade, a middle region, a special cultural field where both the old and the new, as well as the traditional and avant-garde play on the stage, colliding, competing, and communicating with each other. The study uses the example of Word of Honor (2021) to provide a novel and illuminating angle to discuss the true theme of Chinese bromance. By analyzing the male protagonist of Word of Honor, this thesis argues that the new genre embodies the features of androgyny and romance. Though Chinese bromance drama disturbs the conventional alignment of sex, gender, and sexuality, it has failed to transgress the still-dominant patriarchal and heteronormative ideologies. With the gender-role dichotomy and male gaze both questioned and consolidated in Chinese bromance drama, this thesis uncovers the intricate interactions in contemporary China between hegemonic masculinity and femininity, as well as between dominant culture and subcultures. Starting from the changes of the gender discourse in China, this study tries to explore the “hidden voices” in China and present the panorama of contemporary Chinese society
Flexible work, flexible stay: Residential Complex Design
No full textIn the Netherlands - and indeed most of the Western world - the prospect of a shrinking population and decreasing economic growth appear to be the most pressing issues. Town planning can greatly contribute to a more sustainable world, and the means it needs to do so are at the heart of the discipline, in the form of rational zoning, that is, the design of urban patterns that minimize the need for traffic. "Densification" is often promoted as a means to achieve this - though, obviously, everything depends on where it occurs. Besides, in the future, the employment policy will be changed. More and more people will work more flexible especially the female employees and the elderly. Zuidas acting as a business district has to face the challenge of the transition of employment policy. And how is the old historic district like Oud Zuid going to change in the future under the change of employment policy? Under such circumstance, how to design a complex based on the city fabric which is more suitable for the future lifestyle is what I want to solve in this graduation project.My project is to change an historical residential house into a living-working complex, providing public service like retails, library, exhibition, working space, etc. It is providing a possibility to solve the future problem: a growing number of people will become independent professionals and the urban nomads. Besides, it’s a trial of historical building’s renovation. I hope it could benefit to explore the means to reuse the heritage to meet the future demands
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