1,721,049 research outputs found
Ex vivo magnetofection with magnetic nanoparticles: A novel platform for nonviral tissue engineering
No full text폐암검진에서의 위험예측모델
No full textLung cancer screening in high-risk subjects using low-dose CT can reduce mortality by 20%. Current evidence suggests that the development of a risk prediction model for lung cancer is one of the major advances in lung cancer screening. Herein, we review the technical requirements for evaluating different risk prediction models. Moreover, we describe the major lung cancer risk prediction models reported, and the results of lung cancer screening using these models.폐암 고위험군에서 저선량 전산화단층촬영을 이용한 폐암검진은 폐암으로 인한 사망률을 20%까지 줄일 수 있다. 최근까지 보고된 여러 연구 결과들은 폐암 위험예측모델의 개발이 폐암검진의 주요 발전 중 하나임을 시사한다. 본 기고에서는 위험예측모델을 평가하기 위한 기술적 요구 사항을 검토하고, 지금까지 보고된 주요 폐암 위험예측모델과 이 모델을 적용한 폐암검진 결과를 소개하고자 한다
Atypical pulmonary cysts in lung cancer screening: prevalence, outcomes, and clinical implications
No full textOBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine the prevalence and clinical outcomes of atypical pulmonary cysts (APCs) in lung cancer screening (LCS) and evaluate the impact of APC introduction on Lung-RADS v2022 categorization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 2968 low-dose baseline chest CT scans from LCS participants between June 2017 and April 2023. Two thoracic radiologists assessed the presence and type of APCs and evaluated interval changes. We also investigated how the introduction of APC changed Lung-RADS categories. Interobserver agreement was assessed using Cohen's kappa coefficient. RESULTS: Of the 2968 participants (2900 men, 68 women; median age: 61 years [IQR: 57-65]), 18 (0.6%) had APCs. The interobserver agreement for APC presence was fair (kappa = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.07-0.44). Among the 16 APC cases with follow-up CTs (median follow-up: 22 months), lung cancer was confirmed in three cases (18.8%). Among the remaining 13 APCs, 4 (30.8%) showed growth, 7 (53.8%) showed no change and 2 (15.4%) exhibited decreased wall thickness. Histological confirmation was not obtained for these 13 cases, indicating a minimum cancer rate of 18.8%. The introduction of APC led to a positive result change in 0.4% of participants (12/2968), with two lung cancer cases among them. CONCLUSION: APCs were infrequent in LCS, with a 0.6% prevalence, but had a high cancer rate (18.8%). Although the introduction of APC led to a 0.4% increase in positive screenings, this is considered acceptable as it included two lung cancer cases, highlighting the importance of recognizing APCs for early lung cancer detection. KEY POINTS: Question What is the prevalence and clinical significance of APCs detected during LCS, and how do they impact diagnostic outcomes? Findings APCs were detected in 0.6% of participants, with a high cancer rate of at least 18.8%, and increased screening positive results by 0.4%. Clinical relevance APCs during LCS, although uncommon, are crucial because of their high risk of lung cancer. This enhances early detection of lung cancer and improves patient management strategies
Prevalence and progression rate of interstitial lung abnormalities detected on thoracic CT: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textObjectives: To estimate the pooled prevalence and progression rate of ILAs and identify the risk factors for radiological progression. Materials and methods: An EMBASE and PubMed search was undertaken, identifying all studies meeting the inclusion criteria performed before May 10, 2023. Random effect models were used to estimate pooled prevalence, ILA progression rates, and odds ratio for radiological progression based on radiological subtype. Subgroup analyses were performed to compare the general and high-risk populations for lung cancer. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the risk of bias assessment tool for non-randomized studies. Results: We analyzed 19 studies (241,541 patients) and 10 studies (1317 patients) for the pooled prevalence and progression rate of ILA, respectively. The pooled ILA prevalence was 9.7% (95% CI, 6.1–13.9%). The pooled prevalence was 6.8% (95% CI, 3.1–11.6%) and 7.1% (95% CI, 2.2–14.4%) in the general (six studies) and high-risk population for lung cancer (six studies), respectively. The pooled progression rate was 47.1% (95% CI, 29.1–65.5%). The pooled progression rate was 64.2% (95% CI, 45.0–81.2%, five studies) and 31.0% (95% CI, 8.2–60.5%, five studies) for longer (≥ 4.5 years) and shorter follow-up periods (< 4.5 years), respectively (p = 0.009). Fibrotic ILAs were significantly associated with a higher progression probability (combined OR, 5.55; 95% CI, 1.95–15.82). Conclusions: The prevalence of ILAs was approximately 9.7%. Approximately half of the patients exhibited radiological progression, with the rate increasing over a longer follow-up period. Fibrotic ILA was a significant risk factor for radiological progression. Clinical relevance statement: The prevalence of interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) is approximately 9.7%, with about half exhibiting progression; a longer follow-up duration and fibrotic ILAs are associated with a higher progression rate. Key Points: ILAs are increasingly recognized as important, but few population data are available. ILAs exhibited a pooled prevalence of 9.7% with a progression rate of 47.1%. Fibrotic ILAs were associated with increased progression likelihood
Interreader Agreement of Lung-RADS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textBACKGROUND. Lung-RADS has shown variable interreader agreement in the literature, in part related to a broad range of factors that may influence the consistency of its implementation. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to assess the interreader agreement of Lung-RADS and to investigate factors influencing the system's variability. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION. The Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane databases were searched for original research studies published through June 18, 2024, that reported the interreader agreement of Lung-RADS on chest CT. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled kappa coefficients for Lung-RADS categorization and pooled intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for nodule size measurements. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored using metaregression analyses. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS. The analysis included 11 studies (1470 patients) for Lung-RADS categorization and five studies (617 patients) for nodule size measurement. Interreader agreement for Lung-RADS categorization was substantial (kappa = 0.72 [95% CI, 0.57-0.82]), and that for nodule size measurement was almost perfect (ICC = 0.97 [95% CI, 0.90-0.99]). Interreader agreement for Lung-RADS categorization was significantly associated with the method of nodule measurement (p = .005), with pooled kappa coefficients of 0.95, 0.91, and 0.66 for studies using computer-aided detection (CAD)-based semiautomated volume measurements, CAD-based semiautomated diameter measurements, and manual diameter measurements, respectively. Interreader agreement for Lung-RADS categorization was also significantly associated with studies' nodule type distribution (p < .001), with pooled kappa coefficients of 0.85, 0.76, and 0.55 for studies evaluating 100% solid nodules, 30-99% solid nodules, and fewer than 30% solid nodules, respectively. Interreader agreement for nodule size measurement was significantly associated with radiation dose (p < .001), with pooled ICCs of 0.97, 0.96, and 0.59 for studies that used standard-dose CT, low-dose CT, and ultralow-dose CT, respectively. Interreader agreement for nodule size measurement was also significantly associated with the Lung-RADS version that was used (p = .02), with pooled ICCs of 0.99 and 0.93 for studies using Lung-RADS 1.1 and Lung-RADS 1.0, respectively. CONCLUSION. Although they support the overall reliability of Lung-RADS, the findings indicate roles for CAD assistance as well as training and standardized approaches for nodule type characterization to further promote reproducible application. CLINICAL IMPACT. Consistent nodule assessments will be critical for Lung-RADS to optimally impact patient management and outcomes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Improving functional correlation of quantification of interstitial lung disease by reducing the vendor difference of CT using generative adversarial network (GAN) style conversion
No full textObjective: To assess whether CT style conversion between different CT vendors using a routable generative adversarial network (RouteGAN) could minimize variation in ILD quantification, resulting in improved functional correlation of quantitative CT (QCT) measures. Methods: Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) who underwent unenhanced chest CTs with vendor A and a pulmonary function test (PFT) were retrospectively evaluated. As deep-learning based ILD quantification software was mainly developed using vendor B CT, style-converted images from vendor A to B style were generated using RouteGAN. Quantification was performed in both original and converted images. Measurement variability in QCT between original and converted images was evaluated using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Two radiologists visually evaluated quantification accuracy using original and converted images. Correlations between CT parameters and PFT measures were assessed. Results: Total 112 patients (mean age, 61; 82 men) were studied. Measurement variability between original and converted CT was a CCC of 0.20 for reticulation, 0.72 for honeycombing, and 0.59 for ground-glass opacity. The median visual accuracy scores were higher for the quantification using converted compared with the original images (P < 0.001). Correlation between fibrosis score increased significantly after CT conversion for both forced vital capacity (original vs. converted; −0.35 vs. −0.50; P = 0.005) and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (−0.50 vs. −0.66; P < 0.001). Conclusion: The improved accuracy in deep learning based ILD quantification after applying GAN-based CT style conversion can result in the improved functional correlation of QCT measurements in patients with IPF
- …
