1,721,136 research outputs found
Specification and Performance Analysis of Wi-SUN FAN
No full textIn recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the Internet of Things (IoT). Wireless Smart Ubiquitous Network (Wi-SUN) has gained considerable attention as a wireless communication standard for IoT. Wi-SUN Field Area Network (Wi-SUN FAN) is a technical specification of Wi-SUN that can be implemented in both indoor and outdoor IoT communication infrastructure with multi-hop routing. Although Wi-SUN FAN version 1.0 (Wi-SUN FAN 1.0) has been standardized by IEEE 2857-2021, there have been no studies or reviews conducted on the transmission performance of Wi-SUN FAN 1.0 regarding transmission success rate and delay time using computer simulations and experimental evaluation environments involving actual devices. In this study, the specifications of the Wi-SUN FAN are reviewed, and the fundamental transmission performance, such as average transmission success rate and average delay time, is measured using computer simulation as reference data. An experimental evaluation environment involving actual devices is developed to validate the characteristics evaluated by computer simulation. The characteristics determined by the computer simulation and experimental evaluation environment are in good agreement. Using the validated simulator, we evaluate the transmission performance in the wireless IoT environment with one border router and 100 routers randomly arranged in a flat square field with 4, 000 m on a side. The average transmission success rate is approximately 1 at 1.00 × 10⁻¹ s⁻¹ or less. Consequently, Wi-SUN FAN 1.0 can communicate with a higher transmission success rate even when transmitting frequent IoT-data, which is once every ten seconds
Specification and Performance Analysis of Wi-SUN FAN
Full text linkIn recent years, extensive research has been conducted on Internet of Things (IoT). Wireless Smart Ubiquitous Network (Wi-SUN) has gained considerable attention as a wireless communication standard for IoT. Wi-SUN Field Area Network (Wi-SUN FAN) is a technical specification of Wi-SUN that can be implemented in both indoor and outdoor IoT communication infrastructure with multi-hop routing. Although Wi-SUN FAN version 1.0 (Wi-SUN FAN 1.0) has been standardized by IEEE 2857-2021, there have been no studies or reviews conducted on the transmission performance of Wi-SUN FAN 1.0 regarding transmission success rate and delay time using computer simulations and experimental evaluation environments involving actual devices. In this study, the specifications of the Wi-SUN FAN are reviewed, and the fundamental transmission performance, such as average transmission success rate and average delay time, is measured using computer simulation as reference data. An experimental evaluation environment involving actual devices is developed to validate the characteristics evaluated by computer simulation. The characteristics determined by the computer simulation and experimental evaluation environment are in good agreement. Using the validated simulator, we evaluate the transmission performance in the wireless IoT environment with one border router and 100 routers randomly arranged in a flat square field with 4,000 m on a side. The average transmission success rate is approximately 1 at 1.00 × 10–1 s–1 or less. Consequently, Wi-SUN FAN 1.0 can communicate with a higher transmission success rate even when transmitting frequent IoT-data, which is once every ten seconds.
This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessible.</p
Analysis of Wi-SUN FAN Network Formation Time
No full textThe Wi-SUN FAN (Wireless Smart Ubiquitous Network Field Area Network) standard is attracting great interest in various applications such as smart meters, smart cities and Internet of Things (IoT) devices due to the attractive features that the standard offers, such as multihop and mesh topologies, a relatively high data rate, frequency hopping, and interoperability between manufacturers. However, the process of connecting nodes in Wi-SUN FAN networks, which includes discovering, joining, and forming the network, has been shown to be slow, especially in multihop environments, which has motivated research and experimentation to analyze this process. In the existing literature, to measure network formation time, some authors have performed experiments with up to 100 devices, which is a costly and time-consuming methodology. Others have used simulation tools that are difficult to replicate, because little information is available about the methodology used or because they are proprietary. Despite these efforts, there is still a lack of information to adequately assess the formation time of Wi-SUN FAN networks, since the experimental tests reported in the literature are expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, alternatives such as computer simulation have been explored to speed up performance analysis in different scenarios. With this perspective, this paper is focused on the implementation of the Wi-SUN FAN network formation process using the Contiki-NG open source operating system and the Cooja simultor, where a functionality was added that makes it possible to efficiently analyze the network performance, thereby facilitating the implementation of new techniques to reduce network training time. The simulation tool was integrated into Contiki-NG and has been used to estimate the network formation times in various indoor environments. The correspondence between the experimental and numerical results obtained shows that our proposal is efficient to study the formation process of this type of networks
Parallel Rendezvous Strategy for Node Association in Wi-SUN FAN Networks
No full textThe Wi-SUN FAN (Wireless Smart Ubiquitous Network Field Area Network) standard facilitates large-scale connectivity among smart devices in utility networks and smart cities. Specifically designed for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs), Wi-SUN FAN supports the formation of multiple Personal Area Networks (PANs) and mesh topologies with multi-hop transmissions. However, the node association process, divided into five junction states, often results in prolonged connection times, particularly in multi-hop networks, thereby limiting network scalability and reliability. This study analyzes the factors affecting these delays, with a particular focus on Join State 1 (JS1), which relies on PAN Advertisement (PA) packets that use asynchronous communication and the trickle timer algorithm, frequently causing significant delays. To overcome this challenge in JS1, we propose the Parallel Rendezvous (PR) strategy, which forms synchronized clusters of unassociated nodes and leverages the standard’s PAN Advertisement Solicit (PAS) packets to rapidly disseminate network information. The proposed algorithm, PR Wi-SUN FAN, is evaluated through simulations in various network topologies, demonstrating notable improvements in linear, fully connected, and mesh scenarios. The most significant gains are observed in the linear topology, with reductions of up to 71.22% in association time and 59.56% in energy consumption during JS1
Estratégia de encontro paralelo para associação de nós em redes Wi-SUN FAN
Full text linkOrientador: Prof. Dr. Evelio Martín García FernándezCoorientador: Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Jardim RiellaBanca: Evelio Martín García Fernández (Presidente da Banca), Samuel Baraldi Mafra, Carlos Marcelo Pedroso e Guilherme Luiz MoritzTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica. Defesa : Curitiba, 31/10/2025Inclui referênciasÁrea de concentração: TelecomunicaçõesResumo: A crescente demanda por conectividade e soluções de baixo custo tem levado à ampla adoção de comunicações de baixa taxa de dados e baixo consumo de energia. O padrão Wi-SUN FAN (Wireless Smart Ubiquitous Network Field Area Network) destaca-se por possibilitar conexões em larga escala entre dispositivos inteligentes em redes de serviços públicos e cidades inteligentes. Projetado para Redes de Baixa Potência e com Perdas (LLNs, do inglês Low Power and Lossy Network), o Wi-SUN FAN suporta a formação de múltiplas Redes de Área Pessoal (PANs, do inglês Personal Area Network) e topologias em malha com transmissões multi-salto e salto de canal, utilizando protocolos abertos compa tíveis com IEEE 802.15.4. No entanto, o processo de associação de nós, que é dividido em cinco estados de junção, frequentemente resulta em tempos de conexão prolongados, par ticularmente em redes multi-saltos, o que compromete a escalabilidade e a confiabilidade da rede. Esta tese analisa os fatores que influenciam esses atrasos, com ênfase particular no Estado de Junção 1 (EJ1), que utiliza comunicação assíncrona e o algoritmo trickle timer para agendar pacotes de Anúncio PAN (PA, do inglês PAN Advertisement). Depen dendo da configuração padrão, isso pode levar a intervalos de transmissão excessivamente longos. Para mitigar esse problema, é apresentada uma abordagem baseada na formação de clusters sincronizados entre nós não associados, explorando pacotes de Solicitação de Anúncio PAN (PAS, do inglês PAN Advertisement Solicit) e a estratégia de Encontro Pa ralelo (EP) para disseminar rapidamente as informações da rede. O algoritmo proposto, EP Wi-SUN FAN, foi avaliado por meio de simulações em diversas topologias de rede, demonstrando melhorias significativas em cenários lineares, totalmente conectados e em malha. Os ganhos mais expressivos foram observados na topologia linear, com reduções de até 71,22% no tempo de associação e 59,56% no consumo de energia durante o EJ1Abstract: The growing demand for connectivity and cost-effective solutions has led to the wi despread adoption of low-data-rate and low-power communications. The Wi-SUN FAN (Wireless Smart Ubiquitous Network Field Area Network) standard stands out for ena bling large-scale connections among smart devices in utility networks and smart cities. Designed for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs), Wi-SUN FAN supports the for mation of multiple Personal Area Networks (PANs) and mesh topologies with multi-hop transmissions and channel hopping, using open protocols compatible with IEEE 802.15.4. However, the node association process, divided into five connection states, often results in prolonged connection times, particularly in multi-hop networks, which undermines both scalability and reliability. This thesis analyses the factors influencing these delays, with particular emphasis on Join State 1 (JS1), which employs asynchronous communication and the trickle timer algorithm to schedule PAN Advertisement (PA) packets. Depending on the default configuration, this may lead to excessively long transmission intervals. To mitigate this problem, an approach based on the formation of synchronized clusters among unassociated nodes is proposed, leveraging PAN Advertisement Solicit (PAS) packets and the Parallel Rendezvous (PR) strategy to accelerate network information dissemination. The proposed algorithm, PR Wi-SUN FAN, was evaluated through simulations in vari ous network topologies, demonstrating notable improvements in linear, fully connected, and mesh scenarios. The most significant gains are observed in the linear topology, with reductions of up to 71.22% in association time and 59.56% in energy consumption during JS
Stabilized Multi-Hop Route Construction Using a Modified Link Metric for Wi-SUN FAN Systems
Full text linkWireless Smart Utility Network Field Area Network (Wi-SUN FAN) is a technical specification of Wi-SUN that introduces multi-hop machine-to-machine transmission for advanced smart city infrastructure. Wi-SUN FAN uses the Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Network (RPL) as the routing protocol and expected transmission count (ETX) as the routing metric to build multi-hop networks. ETX is used to convert number of communications into a link metric, which measures the quality of communication between nodes. This metric measures the relative distance to the root node via adjacent nodes to determine the parent node. However, this method of determining link metrics may cause nodes to frequently change their parents. If a node selects a parent with poor link quality, the communication reliability deteriorates; therefore, each node must appropriately select a candidate parent node. This article presents the transmission characteristics of Wi-SUN FANs and highlights the problems of conventional link metrics. Based on this, a novel method is proposed for calculating the link metric. The performed computer simulations verified the superiority of the proposed metric when the packet generation rate remained unaffected by the generation of control frames that switched the parent nodes. Furthermore, the transmission success rate of the media access control (MAC) frame was experimentally measured in an office building using Wi-SUN FAN communication modules based on the proposed method. The evaluation confirmed that the proposed link metric improved the minimum MAC frame transmission success rate by 24.2% and the average success rate by 10.4%
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
- …
