127,697 research outputs found
Norm, Virtue and Information: Individual Behaviour and the Just Price in Thomas Aquinas' Summa theologica
No full textThis paper aims at putting forward the analytical stake of the few passages that Thomas Aquinas devotes to prices and exchange, mainly in the Summa Theologiae. At first sight, his objective is to enlighten a confessor vis-à-vis his penitent, or the judge in an ecclesiastical tribunal, by way of a group of normative prescriptions, tending to distinguish that which is just in commercial transactions from what is not. But on second thoughts, this objective leads the author to a more complex construction, which involves establishing a referential norm - the just price - to which the transaction price should be compared. It is recalled here that resorting to the just price - the discussion of which chiefly takes place in the commentaries on the Ethics avoids any consideration of individual behaviour. However, this last comes to the forefront when the issue dealt with is to explain the reasons why such a transaction price is equal to, or on the contrary departs from the just price. Thomas Aquinas' treatment of this issue allows one to acknowledge a) that individual behaviour is characterized by virtue or by vice in various informational contexts, and b) that the making of a transaction price is the result of a negotiation process between buyer and seller. In a context of correct information, where the partners are both virtuous, Thomas Aquinas explains why the transaction price is equal to the just price - in the exchange in se - or could differ from it - in the exchange per accidens. But focussing on the exchange in se, both an asymetry of information and the vice of at least one of the partners give rise to deception strategies leading to transaction prices, presented as just by the party who knows it is not, and agreed upon as just by the deceived party. Lastly, the possibility of retaining information during the negotiation process paves the way for the opportunity for the virtuous seller to protect himself against the higher power of negotiation of a possible vicious partner. Although aiming at a different goal, Thomas Aquinas thus provides a complete theory, not only of the just price, but more generally of exchange, in which ethical considerations become decisive in determining transaction prices.Just price; juste prix; medieval economics; pensée économique médiévale; Thomas Aquinas; Thomas d'Aquin; ethics; éthique
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
F.m.VIb.4 (Summa de casibus conscientiae)
No full textSumma de casibus conscientiaeLegalCONTENT: Summa de casibus conscientiae AUTHOR: Bartholomaeus Pisanus DATE: Saec. xiv FROM: 1301 TO: 1400 OTHER NOTES: Also known as: MPO Fr 20763. From same codex: CCM Jur AA 75 (Stockholm, Riksarkivet: Kammararkivet Fr 20762 Älvsborgs lösen 1613 5:I Besvärsliggare; 1 fr., 4 fol.). Previous shelfmarks: "B", "4"
Geberis philosophi perspicacissimi, summa perfectionis magisterii in sua natura ex Bibliothecae Vaticanae exemplari undecunq[ue] : emendatissimo nuper edita, cum quorundam capituloru[m], vasorum, & fornacum, in uolumine aliàs mendosissimè impresso omissorum : libriq[ue] inuestigationis magisterij & testamenti eiusdem Geberis, ac Aurei triu[m] uerborum libelli et Auicennae summi medici & acutissimi philosophi mineralium additio[n]e castigatissima.
No full textWoodcut illustrations.Signatures: [A]⁸ B-R⁸.Numerous errors in foliation.Imprint from colophons.The author of the Summa, Pseudo-Geber (not to be confused with Geber (Jābir ibn Ḥayyān)) was in all probability Paul of Taranto.Duveen, D.I. Alchemica et chemica,Mode of access: Internet.Bound in contemporary limp vellum; ink title and date on spine; Bernard Pagel's label on front pastedown; manuscript notations on front free endpaper
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Negotiating Authority and Epistemic Humility: Thomas Aquinas’ Summa Theologiae I, 65-74 as a Propaedeutic Training in the Reverential Reading of Patristic Texts
No full textAquinas’ treatment of the Creation narrative (Genesis 1:1-2:4) within QQ 65-74 of the prima pars of his Summa Theologiae (ST) has long been and remains neglected, virtually unread, within the community of the readers of Aquinas. This neglect is born of a mistaken expectation of this section of the ST as a quest for theological or philosophical truth. Those reading his parallel treatments of the same material have deemed ST I, 65-74 insufficiently robust, shallow, even embarrassing for those who see him as a theological touchstone. But the readers of Aquinas in general and of the ST in particular have not asked why Aquinas elected to engage in this apparently simplistic treatment of a Scriptural passage which addressed issues that were foundational to his philosophical and theological project. Drawing upon Aquinas’ historical context and through comparison with his other treatments of the same biblical material this thesis argues that within these QQ Aquinas deliberately shaped his use of patristic sources to create both a primer on the use of these patristic sources for his students and, in so doing, also made a necessary appeal to all his readers that they embrace Augustine’s epistemic humility. Read through this lens, ST I, 65-74 provides important insights into Aquinas’ use of ideas and authoritative texts and once more gives voice to his still relevant call for epistemic humility
On a class of mixed-integer sets with a single integer variable
No full textWe consider mixed-integer sets defined by a linear system Ax >= b plus an integrality requirement on one variable, where A is a totally unimodular matrix with at most two nonzero entries per row. We give a complete linear-inequality description for the convex hull of any set of this type
B. H. Merkelbach, O. P., Summa theologiae moralis, 1935
No full textVansteenberghe Edmond. B. H. Merkelbach, O. P., Summa theologiae moralis, 1935. In: Revue des Sciences Religieuses, tome 16, fascicule 4, 1936. p. 542
B. H. Merkelbach, O. P., Summa theologiae moralis, 1935
No full textVansteenberghe Edmond. B. H. Merkelbach, O. P., Summa theologiae moralis, 1935. In: Revue des Sciences Religieuses, tome 16, fascicule 4, 1936. p. 542
B. H. Merkelbach, Summa theologiae moralis. T. III, De Sacramentis
No full textHarmignie Pierre. B. H. Merkelbach, Summa theologiae moralis. T. III, De Sacramentis. In: Revue néo-scolastique de philosophie. 37ᵉ année, Deuxième série, n°44, 1934. pp. 433-434
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