518 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-pie-10.1177_09544089211051640 - Supplemental material for Numerical assessment of hydrodynamic and mixing characteristics for mixed electroosmotic and pressure-driven flow through a wavy microchannel with patchwise surface heterogeneity
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-pie-10.1177_09544089211051640 for Numerical assessment of hydrodynamic and mixing characteristics for mixed electroosmotic and pressure-driven flow through a wavy microchannel with patchwise surface heterogeneity by Kasavajhula Naga Vasista, Sumit Kumar Mehta and Sukumar Pati in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering</p
Set up errors in Brain tumours – A retrospective study to review the current practice of PTV margins in the institution
No full textSet up errors in Brain tumours – A retrospective study to review the current practice of PTV margins in the institution
Chaturvedi D.1 , Mehta A.2 , Kumar P.3*
1 Diksha Chaturvedi, Junior Resident, Department of Radiation Oncology, Shri Ram Murti Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
2 Ankita Mehta, Senior Resident, Department of Radiation Oncology, Shri Ram Murti Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
3* Piyush Kumar, Professor and Head, Department of Radiation Oncology, Shri Ram Murti Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Corresponding Author: Dr. Piyush Kumar, Professor and Head, Department of Radiation Oncology, all authors are affiliated to Shri Ram Murti Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Background
Radiotherapy in brain tumors needs accuracy and reproducibility of the patient’s position. There may be set up errors which are taken care by adding planning target volume (PTV) margin. Lesser PTV margins may lead to tumor miss or greater margins may lead to unnecessary radiation of normal brain tissue. The present study is done to evaluate whether the current practice of PTV margins in our institute is optimum or not.
Materials and methods
Eleven patients of brain tumours who received adjuvant radiotherapy were retrospectively selected for determining the setup errors. These patients were immobilised in supine position and contrast enhanced CT of head was taken for radiotherapy planning. Delineation of gross tumor volume and clinical target volume was done with 5 mm PTV margin. The treatment was delivered by 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy or Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Technique. The set up errors in three dimensions were determined retrospectively for all images. PTV margins were calculated using International Commission on Radiation Units And Measurements Report 62, Stroom’s and Van Herk formulae.
Results
The overall population set up error was 0.034,-0.048, 0.028 in X, Y, Z directions respectively. The population systematic error was calculated to be 0.107, 0.069, 0.092 and population random error was 0.221, 0.202, 0.217 in X, Y, Z directions respectively. The calculated setup margin as per the three formulas was less than 5 mm in all directions.
Conclusion
The present study showed that the institutional protocol of 5 mm is optimum to counter the setup errors. 
Characterization of Glass Fibre Reinforced Elastomeric Nanocomposites with Different Loading Levels of Nano Filler
No full textM.E. (Production and Industrial)Polymer nanocomposite is very attractive field of research and a lot of work is going on across the
world in this area. But it is a considerable fact that research work on elastomers is still in its infant
stage. As we know that elastomers are used in many engineering applications. So its intense
investigation by intercalation of micro and nano particles can lead to valuable products which can
replace the neat elastomer with improved properties at low cost.
Here we chose the most widely used rubber i.e. Ethylene Propylene Diene Elastomer (EPDM) for
my research work. EPDM/OMMT clay nanocomposites have been synthesized by solution
intercalation method using organically modified montmorillonite clay and then glass fibre
reinforcement was done to this EPDM/OMMT clay nano composite. Characterization of the
prepared specimens at different loading levels of clay (viz. 2 percentage weight, 3 percentage
weight and 5 percentage weight) was done by checking the mechanical properties (tensile strength
and bending strength), solvent swelling behavior, intermolecular dispersion through XRD & SEM
and thermal stability through TGA apparatus. Comparative study between glass fibre reinforced
pure EPDM speciemen and EPDM/ clay nano composite specimens has been done in my thesis
work. It has been found that this tensile strength of 3 percentage weight clay exhibited very high
gain as compared to neat EPDM specimen. The flexural strength and modulus are also higher for
EPDM/clay hybrids than that of neat EPDM. Thermal stability of nano composites are also
improved shown by TGA result
Hypertension in pregnancy: A community-based study
No full textBackground: Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy occur in women with preexisting primary or secondary chronic hypertension, and in women who develop new-onset hypertension in the second half of pregnancy. The present study was undertaken to study the prevalence and correlates of hypertension in pregnancy in a rural block of Haryana. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the all 20 subcenters under Community Health Center (CHC) Chiri, Block Lakhanmajra. All the pregnant women registered at the particular subcenter at a point of time of visit were included in the study. Appropriate statistical tests were used for analysis. Results: A total of 931 pregnant women were included in the present study. Prevalence of hypertension in pregnancy was found to be 6.9%. Maternal age 25 years, gestational period ͳ20 weeks, history of cesarean section, history of preterm delivery, and history of hypertension in previous pregnancy were found to be significantly associated with prevalence of hypertension in pregnancy. Conclusion: Nearly one in 14 pregnant women in rural areas of Haryana suffers from a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Early diagnosis and treatment through regular antenatal checkup is a key factor to prevent hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and its complications
AC Electrothermal Effect Promotes Enhanced Solute Mixing in a Wavy Microchannel
No full textFor liquids used in biological applications, a smaller
diffusion
coefficient results in a longer mixing time. We discuss, in this endeavor,
the promising potential of the AC electrothermal (ACET) effect toward
modulating enhanced mixing of electrolytic liquids with higher convective
strength in a novel wavy micromixer. To this end, we develop a modeling
framework and numerically solve the pertinent transport equations
in a three-dimensional (3D) configuration numerically. By benchmarking
the developed modeling framework with the experimental results available
in this paradigm, we aptly demonstrate the maximum temperature rise,
flow topology, species concentration field, and mixing efficiency
in the proposed configuration for a set of parameters pertinent to
this analysis. We find that the maximum temperature increase in the
wavy micromixer, owing to the electrothermal effect, is less than
10 K even for the higher strength of the applied voltage, implying
nondegradation of biological substances within the liquid sample.
We report that the formation of significant lateral flow closer to
the electrodes leads to a highly three-dimensional ACET flow field,
which has a significant impact on the mixing efficiency for the range
of diffusive Peclet numbers considered. We also report that the wave
amplitude of the mixer, when intervening with the diffusive Peclet
number, strongly impacts the mixing efficiency. As witnessed in this
endeavor, for the smaller diffusive Peclet number, the mixing efficiency
increases with amplitude, while the effect becomes the opposite for
the higher Peclet number. The results of this study seem to provide
an adequate basis for the design of a novel micromixer intended for
enhanced solute mixing in realistic microfluidic applications
Analysis of Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop for Pressure Driven Flow of Non-Newtonian Fluids Through a Serpentine Channel: Influence of Prandtl Number
No full textInternational Trade Modeling Indices and Measurement Issues
No full textTrade indices are used to measure different aspects of a country’s participation in world trade. Such indices range from Trade Openness Index (TOI) measuring the degree of openness of a country, to Commodity Concentration Index (CCI) and Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) measuring diversity and competitiveness of a country’s export basket. However, each index being a summary measure has its own limitation and specific use. One must, therefore, be extremely careful in drawing policy conclusions from the values of these indices obtained in the context of a given data set at hand.Internationa Trade, RCA, CCI
Lasers in medical applications: R&D Mapping
No full textA study of the MEDLINE CDROM database, for the period 1969-2000 was undertaken. The purpose was, to identify core areas of research and development, in the field of applications of lasers to humans, along with other bibliometric indicators of research. A total of 34,833 records were retrieved, downloaded and analysed. The results
indicate a steady increase in the number of publications every year, from 1970 onwards, with 1997 (2767 articles) and 1998 (2914 articles) being the most productive years. The most prolific contributors were J. Haut, with 95 publications to his credit, followed by M. Landthaler (82), G. Coscas (79), S.G. Bown (73) and P. Bjerring (70). Collaboration among the authors was high, with a maximum of 15 contributors observed in a few articles. The top ranking journal in the field was Ophthalmology, which published 769 articles starting from 1978. USA was way ahead as the country with the highest journal productivity (around 40% of the total number of records), followed by UK and Germany.
A total of 103 articles were published from India. English was the preferred language of publication, with 75% of the records being published in English language. In the use of
lasers for humans, maximum number of records were found for adult and middle aged populations. Research focussed on the eye and its various diseases. Lasers were found to
be used for therapeutic purposes, in surgery and in the diagnosis of diseases. Carbondioxide laser was most frequently used for medical applications. Though there
were quite a few references on the adverse effects of lasers, the therapeutic effects far outweighed them
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