147,554 research outputs found
Sanctioning "future crime": the problem of virtual child pornography
No full textŠtevilne mednarodne konvencije, kot tudi kazenskopravna zakonodaja držav po svetu, definira otroško pornografijo kot gradivo, ki prikazuje mladoletnika (osebo, mlajšo od osemnajst let) med spolnim dejanjem ali pa spolne organe te osebe z nekim spolnim namenom. Definicije med seboj nekoliko variirajo, vendar pa se še večja težava in razlikovanje pojavi pri pojmu virtualne otroške pornografije, ki jo identični pravni viri definirajo v veliki večini kot vsebine, ki prikazujejo mladoletnike (torej osebe mlajše od osemnajst let), ki pa niso resnične, ampak v celoti računalniško ustvarjene. To je vrsta otroške pornografije, ki se nahaja predvsem na spletu, najdemo pa jo tudi v fizični obliki (na primer japonski stripi – mange). Nekatere države sankcionirajo in v celoti prepovedujejo virtualno otroško pornografijo, spet druge jo dovoljujejo in v njej ne vidijo ničesar spornega. V veliki meri pa sankcioniranje te temelji na strahu pred \u27\u27prihodnjim zločinom\u27\u27. Oblasti se bojijo, da bi gledanje takih vsebin, čeprav slednje ne prikazujejo dejanskih otrok in s tem tudi nimamo dejanskih žrtev iz pravnega vidika, kljub temu negativno vplivalo na percepcijo posameznikov in kako ti vidijo otroke. Obstajajo raziskave, ki potrjujejo ta strah in kažejo, da so tisti pedofili, ki so bili izpostavljeni virtualni otroški pornografiji, nato bili motivirani na njeni podlagi, da napadejo in zlorabijo otroke v resničnem svetu, izven računalniškega zaslona. Na drugi strani pa obstajajo povsem nasprotujoče raziskave, ki trdijo, da ne obstaja povezava med tem, kaj nekdo gleda ter tem, kako se bo v prihodnosti obnašal. Vse naj bi bilo po njihovem mnenju odvisno od osebnosti vsakega posameznika, njegovih vrednot, odnosa do prava in tako naprej, ne pa od tega ali gledajo virtualno otroško pornografijo ali ne. Prav to je glavna problematika tega področja. Glede na med seboj nasprotujoče si raziskave, stoji argument strahu na izjemno tankem ledu, kar pomeni, da ne bi smel biti dovolj za sankcioniranje tako širokega pojma, kot je virtualna otroška pornografija, ki lahko obsega številne vsebine, ki morda sploh ne bi smele biti opredeljene kot takšne. Zakonodaje držav po svetu se razlikujejo med seboj glede tega, kaj sploh spada pod virtualno otroško pornografijo, ali naj bi se slednja sankcionirala, ali je sploh družbeno sporna, kako naj bi se jo sankcioniralo za najvišjo raven učinkovitosti in tako naprej. Težko najdemo določen del te problematike, kjer se med seboj strinjajo. To ne velja le za zakonodaje, ampak kot že omenjeno tudi za raziskave na drugih področjih izven pravne stroke, kot je na primer psihologija. Niti tam se ne morejo zediniti glede tega, kakšen vpliv ima gledanje določenih vsebin in izpostavljenost posameznika tem na njegovo vedenje in ali to povečuje možnost protipravnih ravnanj, povezanih s temi vsebinami, v prihodnosti. Vsa nasprotovanja, dileme in še zmeraj nerešena vprašanja nas lahko pripeljejo do zaključka, da dokler nimamo trdnejših dokazov o vplivu virtualne otroške pornografije na pedofile in tudi otroke, nimamo podlage za njeno pravno sankcioniranje.Numerous international conventions, as well as the criminal law of countries around the world, define child pornography as material that depicts a minor (a person under the age of eighteen) engaged in a sexual act or the sexual organs of that person for a sexual purpose. The definitions vary somewhat, but an even greater problem and distinction arises with the concept of virtual child pornography, which identical legal sources define in the vast majority as content that depicts minors (i.e. persons under the age of eighteen) who are not real, but entirely computer-generated. This is a type of child pornography that is found mainly online, but can also be found in physical form (for example, Japanese comics - manga). Some countries sanction and completely prohibit virtual child pornography, while others allow it and see nothing objectionable in it. To a large extent, however, the sanctioning of this is based on the fear of "future crime". The authorities fear that viewing such content, even though it does not depict actual children and therefore does not have any actual victims from a legal perspective, would nevertheless negatively affect individuals\u27 perceptions and how they see children. There is research that confirms this fear and shows that those pedophiles who were exposed to virtual child pornography were then motivated on the basis of it to attack and abuse children in the real world, outside the computer screen. On the other hand, there is completely contradictory research that claims that there is no connection between what someone watches and how they will behave in the future. In their opinion, everything depends on the personality of each individual, their values, attitude towards the law and so on, and not on whether they watch virtual child pornography or not. This is precisely the main problem in this area. Given the conflicting research, the fear argument stands on extremely thin ice, meaning that it should not be enough to sanction such a broad concept as virtual child pornography, which can encompass a wide range of content that perhaps should not be defined as such in the first place. The laws of countries around the world do not differ from each other in terms of what even falls under virtual child pornography, how it should be sanctioned, whether it is socially controversial at all, how it should be sanctioned for the highest level of effectiveness, and so on. It is difficult to find a specific part of this issue where they agree with each other. This applies not only to legislation, but, as already mentioned, also to research in other fields outside the legal profession, such as psychology. Even there, they cannot agree on what impact viewing certain content and an individual\u27s exposure to it has on their behavior and whether this increases the possibility of illegal actions related to this content in the future. All the contradictions, dilemmas, and still unresolved questions can lead us to the conclusion that until we have solid evidence about the impact of virtual child pornography on pedophiles and children, we have no basis for legally sanctioning it
Demons Image in Ancient Mesopotamia and Sumer
No full textBachelor thesis is focus on the image of demons in ancient Mesopotamia and Sumer, as in literature, so in plastic arts, and following comparation with others region literature, most Bible. In the first part, the thesis is dealing with universal characteristic of individual demons, which is complemented with texts from each myth. The next part subscribes direct magic practics by attack of evil spirit and their resemblance with biblical texts. Key words: Demon. Mesopotamia. Myth. Magic. Bibl
Mapping the Discipline of the Olympic Games An Author-Cocitation Analysis
No full textThe authors conducted an author cocitation analysis on prominent authors writing about the Olympics during the 1990s. Author cocitation is an established bibliometric technique that can be used to measure the relative similarities of topics written about by the cited authors. This enables a visual representation of the “intellectual space” of the discipline, in this case the Olympics, to be created for the period under review. So core and peripheral research areas are identified, along with their major contributors. The representation appears as a two-dimensional cluster-enhanced map. Subject expertise was then applied to the results to place labels on the generated clusters of authors and their topics
Mosses new to Hong Kong (1)
No full textTen moss species - Garkea flexuosa (Griffith) Marg. & Nork., Campylopus laxitextus Lac., Fissidens dubius P. Beauv., Fissidens ceylonensis Dozy & Molk, Fissidens maceratus Mitt., Philonotis thwaitesii Mitt., Isopterygium minutirameum (C. Muell.)Jaeg., Homalia trichomanoides (Hedw.) B.S.G., Pogonatum neesii (C. Muell.) Dozyand Polytrichum formosum Hedw. are reported new to Hong Kong. Among them, five are new to Guangdong Province of China
Not So Quiet . . . A Novel
No full textThis story offers a rare, funny, bitter, feminist look at war from women actively engaged in it. Published in London in 1930, Not So Quiet...(on the Western Front) is a novel in autobiographical guise that describes a group of British women ambulance drivers on the French front lines during World War 1. As Voluntary Aid Detachment workers, the women pay for the privilege of driving the wounded through shell fire in the freezing cold, on no sleep and an inedible diet, under the watchful eye of their punishing commandant, nicknamed Mrs. Bitch.Front Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Epigraph -- Chapter 1 -- Chapter 2 -- Chapter 3 -- Chapter 4 -- Chapter 5 -- Chapter 6 -- Chapter 7 -- Chapter 8 -- Chapter 9 -- Chapter 10 -- Chapter 11 -- Chapter 12 -- Afterword -- Notes -- About the Author -- About the Feminist Press -- Also Available from the Feminist PressThis story offers a rare, funny, bitter, feminist look at war from women actively engaged in it. Published in London in 1930, Not So Quiet...(on the Western Front) is a novel in autobiographical guise that describes a group of British women ambulance drivers on the French front lines during World War 1. As Voluntary Aid Detachment workers, the women pay for the privilege of driving the wounded through shell fire in the freezing cold, on no sleep and an inedible diet, under the watchful eye of their punishing commandant, nicknamed Mrs. Bitch.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Dual Band Circularly PolarizedAntenna for Ka Band Applications
No full textIn present scenario dual band high gain microstrip patch antennas are very much desirable in view of 5G mobile communication implementation in near future, So, this paper presents a new dual band Circularly Polarized (CP) patch antenna operating in 5G band. A rectangular slot at angle 45is used for the design of this compact dual band CP patch antenna. The proposed antenna can operate at 28 GHz and 38 GHz having bandwidth 900 MHz and 1.3 GHz, respectively, which are useful in mobile 5G communication and multimedia wireless systems. Axial Ratio Band Width (ARBW) is 210 MHz at 28 GHz and 300 MHz at38GHz.The gain of the proposed antenna is 7.5 dBi and 7.7 dBi at 28 GHz and 38 GHz, respectively. The proposed dual band microstrip patch antenna has been simulated, optimized and miniaturized by using EM simulator software HFSS
Author Co-Citation Analysis (ACA): a powerful tool for representing implicit knowledge of scholar knowledge workers
No full textIn the last decade, knowledge has emerged as one of the most important and valuable organizational assets. Gradually this importance caused to emergence of new discipline entitled ―knowledge management‖. However one of the major challenges of knowledge management is conversion implicit or tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge. Thus Making knowledge visible so that it can be better accessed, discussed, valued or generally managed is a long-standing objective in knowledge management. Accordingly in this paper author co- citation analysis (ACA) will be proposed as an efficient technique of knowledge visualization in academia (Scholar knowledge workers)
Building Code Transpilers for Domain-Specific Languages Using Program Synthesis (Experience Paper)
No full textDomain-specific languages (DSLs) are prevalent across many application domains. Such languages let developers easily express computations using high-level abstractions that result in performant implementations. To leverage DSLs, however, application developers need to master the DSL’s syntax and manually rewrite existing code. Compilers can aid in this effort, but part of building a compiler requires transpiling code from the source code to the target DSL. Such transpilation is typically done via pattern-matching rules on the source code. Sadly, developing such rules is often a painstaking and error-prone process.
In this paper, we describe our experience in using program synthesis to build code transpilers. To do so, we developed MetaLift, a new framework for building transpilers that transform general-purpose code into DSLs using program synthesis. To use MetaLift, transpiler developers first define the target DSL’s semantics using MetaLift’s specification language, and specify the search space for each input code fragment to be transpiled using MetaLift’s API. MetaLift then leverages program synthesizers and theorem provers to automatically find transpilations expressed in the target DSL that is provably semantic equivalent to the input code. We have used MetaLift to build three DSL transpilers targeting different programming models and application domains. Our results show that the MetaLift-based compilers can translate many benchmarks used in prior work created by specialized implementations, but can be built using orders-of-magnitude fewer lines of code as compared to prior work
Experiencing the armed struggle : the Soweto generation and after
No full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 354-369).This study explores the experiences of the rank-and-file soldiers of Umkhonto we Sizwe and the Azanian People's Liberation Anny. Extensive interviews by the author and other researchers reveal the voices of the soldiers themselves. The African National Congress and Pan African Congress archives at the University of the Western Cape and the University of Fort Hare supplement and verify these oral testimonies, as do some published sources. Most previously published materials about the armed struggle against apartheid have already focused on diplomacy, strategy and tactics, operations, leadership, and human rights abuses to the neglect of the soldiers' actual experiences. This study complements these with significant new oral history materials from the Soweto generation of soldiers and their successors. When dealing with MK, many authors have documented issues of the camp structure in Angola, and operations inside South Africa, so much of this detail is only addressed briefly, leaving space to explore the soldiers' experiences. In the case of APLA, very little has been written on its history, and more detail is provided on these subjects. This study therefore deals with the soldiers' politicisation and motivation for joining the armed struggle, their experiences in leaving South Africa and training in exile, the crises in exile which limited their effectiveness for a time, their return to fight in South Africa, and their difficulties in the "new" South Africa. These materials reveal that vast problems remain facing these veterans of the struggle against apartheid, and that they have the potential, if properly supported and employed, to contribute substantially to the development of present day South Africa. Conversely, if their neglect continues, they also have the potential to bring vast harm to the country. Further use of the investigative tools of oral history, especially if extended to the former soldiers' vernacular languages, is necessary to augment the history of South Africa, and these soldiers' contributions
WITH MULTIPLE In So Kweon
No full textthe form of a scholarship. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the author and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the funding agencies. pj Car gie THESI
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