11,312 research outputs found
WAVE NUMBERS, STRENGTHS, WIDTHS AND SHIFTS WITH PRESSURE OF LINES OF IN SYSTEMS a AND
No full textS.-L. Cheah, Y.-P. Lee and J. F. Ogilvie, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiative Transfer, 64, 467-482 (2000)Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University; Centre for Experimental and Constructive Mathematics, Department of Mathematics, Simon Fraser UniversityAnalysis of newly measured spectral for wave number and intensities of transitions of in absorption in systems and with proper statistical treatment yields band parameters for excited states, based on parameters for the ground vibrational state valid up to , that are the most precise ( respectively) in published form, and strengths of lines that are internally consistent and in satisfactory agreement with other published values
The subzero microbiome: Microbial activity in frozen and thawing soils
No full textMost of the Earth's biosphere is characterized by low temperatures (<5 °C) and cold-adapted microorganisms are widespread. These psychrophiles have evolved a complex range of adaptations of all cellular constituents to counteract the potentially deleterious effects of low kinetic energy environments and the freezing of water. Microbial life continues into the subzero temperature range, and this activity contributes to carbon and nitrogen flux in and out of ecosystems, ultimately affecting global processes. Microbial responses to climate warming and in particular, thawing of frozen soils are not yet well understood although the threat of microbial contribution to positive feedback of carbon flux is substantial. To date, several studies have examined microbial community dynamics in frozen soils and permafrost due to changing environmental conditions, and some have undertaken the complicated task of characterizing microbial functional groups and how their activity changes with changing conditions, either in situ or by isolating and characterizing macromolecules. With increasing temperature and wetter conditions microbial activity of key microbes and subsequent efflux of greenhouse gases also increase. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of microbial activity in seasonally frozen soils and permafrost. With a more detailed understanding of the microbiological activities in these vulnerable soil ecosystems, we can begin to predict and model future expectations for carbon release and climate change.Peer reviewe
Effects of Public Policies on the Disposition of Pre-retirement Lump-Sum Distributions: Rational and Behavioral Influences
No full textA variety of public policies aim to influence workers’ disposition of preretirement lump-sum distributions (LSDs) from pensions. We use the implementation of several policy changes as natural experiments to test for rational and behavioral motives for saving behavior. Using data from the HRS and the CPS in the 1980s and 1990s, we find that higher tax rates on cash-outs increase rollovers. Controlling for the overall effective tax rate, structuring the tax as a “penalty” or adding withholding taxes on cashouts significantly increases rollovers. Allowing employers to unilaterally cash out balances for departing employees who do not make their own choice significantly reduces the effects of higher tax rates but boosts the impact of withholding taxes. These results suggest that both behavioral and rational factors influence workers’ choices, that policies relating to pre-retirement cash outs can interact in important ways, and that the government has several levers at its disposal to influence behavior beyond tax penalties.retirement;savings;behavioral;penalties;taxes
[Comment on] Daniela F. Sieff, Laura Betzig, Lee Cronk, Alan G. Fix, Mark Flinn, Lisa Sattenspiel, Kathleen Gibson, D. Ann Herring, Nancy Howell, S. Ryan Johansson, Zdenĕk Pavlík, John W. Sheets, Eric Alden Smith, Eckart Voland, and Eva Siegelkow. (1990). "Explaining Biased Sex Ratios in Human Populations: A Critique of Recent Studies." Current Anthropology 31(1)
No full textPeer reviewedOpen peer commentary on an article in the same issue (p. 25-48, https://doi.org/10.1086/203801
All-optical TDM data demultiplexing at 80 Gbit/s with significant timing jitter tolerance using a fiber Bragg grating based rectangular pulse switching technology
No full textWe demonstrate the use of fiber Bragg grating based pulse-shaping technology to provide timing jitter tolerant data demultiplexing in an 80 Gb/s all-optical time division multiplexing (OTDM) system. Error-free demultiplexing operation is achieved with ~6 ps timing jitter tolerance using superstructured fiber Bragg grating based 1.7 ps soliton to 10 ps rectangular pulse conversion at the switching pulse input to a nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) demultiplexer comprising highly nonlinear dispersion shifted fiber (HNLF). A 2-dB power-penalty improvement is obtained compared to demultiplexing without the pulse-shaping grating. <br/
Lee, John D. -Monument P.1
No full textLeft to right: Juanita Brooks, Author of "Mountain Meadows Massacre," Mormon Chronicle, Diaries of John D. Lee," John Doyle Lee-Zealot-Pioneer builder--Scapegoat," and who helped in the wording of this monument to John Doyle Lee. Peggy Gregory, who was employed by the Huntington Library and helped in the editing and proof reading of "The Mormon Chronicle." Sana Lund Williamson, wife of john Wesley Williamson, Sr., Great-Grandson of John Doyle Lee, who designed the monument, and in corroboration with Juanita Brooks determined the wording which appears thereon. Photo by and Gift of: Wes Williamson. Oct., 1961
On co-authorship for author disambiguation
No full textAuthor name disambiguation deals with clustering the same-name authors into different individuals. To attack the problem, many studies have employed a variety of disambiguation features such as coauthors, titles of papers/publications, topics of articles, emails/affiliations, etc. Among these, co-authorship is the most easily accessible and influential, since inter-person acquaintances represented by co-authorship could discriminate the identities of authors more clearly than other features. This study attempts to explore the net effects of co-authorship on author clustering in bibliographic data. First, to handle the shortage of explicit coauthors listed in known citations, a web-assisted technique of acquiring implicit coauthors of the target author to be disambiguated is proposed. Then, a coauthor disambiguation hypothesis that the identity of an author can be determined by his/her coauthors is examined and confirmed through a variety of author disambiguation experiments. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.X1174sciescopu
On Approximability of ₂² Min-Sum Clustering
No full textThe ₂² min-sum k-clustering problem is to partition an input set into clusters C_1,…,C_k to minimize ∑_{i=1}^k ∑_{p,q ∈ C_i} ‖p-q‖₂². Although ₂² min-sum k-clustering is NP-hard, it is not known whether it is NP-hard to approximate ₂² min-sum k-clustering beyond a certain factor.
In this paper, we give the first hardness-of-approximation result for the ₂² min-sum k-clustering problem. We show that it is NP-hard to approximate the objective to a factor better than 1.056 and moreover, assuming a balanced variant of the Johnson Coverage Hypothesis, it is NP-hard to approximate the objective to a factor better than 1.327.
We then complement our hardness result by giving a fast PTAS for ₂² min-sum k-clustering. Specifically, our algorithm runs in time O(n^{1+o(1)}d⋅ 2^{(k/ε)^O(1)}), which is the first nearly linear time algorithm for this problem. We also consider a learning-augmented setting, where the algorithm has access to an oracle that outputs a label i ∈ [k] for input point, thereby implicitly partitioning the input dataset into k clusters that induce an approximately optimal solution, up to some amount of adversarial error α ∈ [0,1/2). We give a polynomial-time algorithm that outputs a (1+γα)/(1-α)²-approximation to ₂² min-sum k-clustering, for a fixed constant γ > 0
Auto-regulating New Media
No full textUsing Foucault's (1977, 1978) notion of panoptic method of governmentality and looking at the case of Singapore's Internet policy, this paper attempts to expand on the idea-and ideals-of 'auto-regulation'(Lee, 2000, pp. 4-5; Lee & Birch, 2000). Auto-regulation, as I shall posit in this paper, provides a way for regulatory enforcement and surveillance to become sufficiently transparent and 'normalised' so that 'the exercise of power may be supervised by society as a whole'(Foucault, 1977, pp.207-208) rather than by a select group of policy and law enforcement officers, or civil society /activist groups
Should you Take a Lump-Sum or Annuitize? Results from Swiss Pension Funds
No full textWe use a unique dataset on individual retirement decisions in Swiss pension funds to analyze the choice between an annuity and a lump sum at retirement. Our analysis suggests the existence of an “acquiescence bias”, meaning that a majority of retirees chooses the standard option offered by the pensions fund or suggested by common practice. Small levels of accumulated pension capital are much more likely to be withdrawn as a lump sum, suggesting a potential moral hazard behavior or a magnitude effect. We hardly find evidence for adverse selection effects in the data. Single men, for example, whose money’s worth of an annuity is considerably below the corresponding value of married men, are not more likely to choose the capital option.occupational pension, lump sum, annuity, choice anomalies
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