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Trigonostylops AND
No full textTRIGONOSTYLOPS AND ASTRAPOTHERIIDAE: PHYSICAL STATUS OF SELECTED SPECIMENS Although it is not feasible to comment on the physical condition of each of the numerous fossils utilized in this study, we have done so below for most of the high-quality trigonostylopid and astrapotheriid specimens available to us:Published as part of MacPhee, R. D. E., Del Pino, Santiago Hernández, Kramarz, Alejandro, Forasiepi, Analía M., Bond, Mariano & Sulser, R. Benjamin, 2021, Cranial Morphology And Phylogenetic Relationships Of Trigonostylops Wortmani, An Eocene South American Native Ungulate, pp. 1-185 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (449) on page 7, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.449.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/541502
FIG. 32. Digital 3D in Cranial Morphology And Phylogenetic Relationships Of Trigonostylops Wortmani, An Eocene South American Native Ungulate
No full textFIG. 32. Digital 3D reconstructions of the osseous labyrinths of Cochilius volvens AMNH VP-29651, Tetramerorhinus lucarius AMNH VP-9245, Tapirus indicus AMNH M-200300, Ceratotherium simum AMNH M-51882, and Equus caballus AMNH M-204155 (above and on opposite page), in lateral, ventral, and dorsal views. In each ventral view, arrow indicates position of fenestra cochleae.Published as part of MacPhee, R.D.E., Del Pino, Santiago Hernández, Kramarz, Alejandro, Forasiepi, Analía M., Bond, Mariano & Sulser, R. Benjamin, 2021, Cranial Morphology And Phylogenetic Relationships Of Trigonostylops Wortmani, An Eocene South American Native Ungulate, pp. 1-185 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (449) on page 108, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.449.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/541502
Astraponotus undetermined
No full textAstraponotus sp. MPEF PV 1279 and MPEF PV 1084, described by Kramarz et al. (2010), were found in late Middle Eocene (Mustersan) contexts in central Patagonia. MPEF PV 1279 preserves an almost complete rostrum, the left half of the palate with partial dentition, and the braincase and zygomatic arch, but lacks the entire caudal basicranium. MPEF PV 1084 is a partial skull with nearly complete palate, basicranium and occiput, along with the right side of the braincase and zygoma. Together, the two specimens provide significant information on much of the cranial anatomy of Astraponotus.Published as part of MacPhee, R. D. E., Del Pino, Santiago Hernández, Kramarz, Alejandro, Forasiepi, Analía M., Bond, Mariano & Sulser, R. Benjamin, 2021, Cranial Morphology And Phylogenetic Relationships Of Trigonostylops Wortmani, An Eocene South American Native Ungulate, pp. 1-185 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (449) on page 15, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.449.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/541502
Astrapotherium guillei MAPBAR
No full textAstrapotherium guillei MAPBAR 5322, recently described by Kramarz et al. (2019a), is an almost complete but laterally compressed skull preserving most of the bones and delicate structures of the basicranium, including the cranial portion of the hyoid apparatus and paracondylar processes. Unlike other Astrapotherium specimens used for comparisons, which derive from Early Miocene (Santacrucian) beds of southern Patagonia, A. guilleiis Middle Miocene (Colloncuran) in age and the youngest representative of the genus known to date.Published as part of MacPhee, R. D. E., Del Pino, Santiago Hernández, Kramarz, Alejandro, Forasiepi, Analía M., Bond, Mariano & Sulser, R. Benjamin, 2021, Cranial Morphology And Phylogenetic Relationships Of Trigonostylops Wortmani, An Eocene South American Native Ungulate, pp. 1-185 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (449) on page 15, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.449.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/541502
Parastrapotherium undetermined
No full textParastrapotherium sp. AMNH VP-29575 is not extensively referenced in our descriptions because the cranium is considerably damaged and much of it is reconstructed. Almost the entire facial region is plaster, including the nasal aperture and the rostral end of the palate, as are the zygomatic arches and much of the basicranium. Known errors in reconstruction include absence of apertures (adituses) in the reconstructed retromandibular processes. These apertures are consistently present in better-preserved skulls of both Astrapotherium and Parastrapotherium; absence does, however, occur in Astraponotus (p. 51, Interpreting Pneumatization).Published as part of MacPhee, R. D. E., Del Pino, Santiago Hernández, Kramarz, Alejandro, Forasiepi, Analía M., Bond, Mariano & Sulser, R. Benjamin, 2021, Cranial Morphology And Phylogenetic Relationships Of Trigonostylops Wortmani, An Eocene South American Native Ungulate, pp. 1-185 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (449) on page 15, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.449.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/541502
FIG. 10. Ceratotherium simum AMNH M-51882, Tapirus indicus AMNH M-200300 in Cranial Morphology And Phylogenetic Relationships Of Trigonostylops Wortmani, An Eocene South American Native Ungulate
No full textFIG. 10. Ceratotherium simum AMNH M-51882, Tapirus indicus AMNH M-200300, and Equus caballus AMNH M-204155, reconstructions of endocranial vasculature in dorsal, right lateral, ventral, and caudal views (on this and facing page). Specimens of C . simum and E . caballus are juveniles. For neural features, see text. As in previous figures in this series, vascular-related features are uniformly colored (gray), with exception of arteria diploetica magna (= caudal meningeal artery) (red) in Equus only. Posttemporal trackway contents in other taxa are grouped nonspecifically as vasa diploetica magna. See text. Key: 1, posttemporal sulcus/canal (for vasa diploetica magna); 2, temporal sulcus/canal (for temporal sinus); 3, parietosquamosal sulcus/canal (for parietosquamosal vessels); 4, hypoglossal canal (for condylar emissary vein); 5, sulcus for vertebral vein; 6, sulcus for ventral petrosal sinus (may include part of cavernous sinus); 7, sulcus for sigmoid sinus (may include proximal internal jugular vein); 8, retroarticular sulcus/canal (for retroarticular emissary vein); 9, cranioorbital sulcus/canal (for cranioorbital vessels); 10, sulcus for?ophthalmic vein; 11, sulcus for?caudal rhinencephalic vein; a, sulcus for transverse sinus or sinus communi-Published as part of MacPhee, R.D.E., Del Pino, Santiago Hernández, Kramarz, Alejandro, Forasiepi, Analía M., Bond, Mariano & Sulser, R. Benjamin, 2021, Cranial Morphology And Phylogenetic Relationships Of Trigonostylops Wortmani, An Eocene South American Native Ungulate, pp. 1-185 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (449) on page 48, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.449.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/541502
Astrapotherium
No full textASTRAPOTHERIID SPECIMENS. Astrapotherium magnum AMNH VP-9278. Although the morphological gap between Middle Eocene Trigonostylops and Early-Middle Miocene Astrapotherium is wide indeed, it is important to be able to compare similarities and differences visually. To enhance our descriptions we include illustrations of the complete, but partially reconstructed, skull of Astrapotherium magnum AMNH VP-9278 (figs. 4, 27A) that Simpson (1933a) used in making his comparisons (see also Scott, 1928). Many of the areas of greatest morphological interest on this specimen are either not intact or have been heavily reconstructed (e.g., most large processes, palatal area, auditory region). Fortunately, some of these regions are adequately preserved on specimens in the MACN collection (see below). Astrapotherium magnum MACN A 8580. This is the only specimen of Astrapotherium for which cranial CT scans are currently available (figs. 13–15). It consists of a partial adult skull lacking the entire rostrum, the right zygomatic arch, and most of the occipital condyles (last named reconstructed in plaster). The auditory region is fairly well preserved on both sides. Astrapotherium magnum MACN A 3208. This specimen is a markedly distorted skull of a subadult. The basicranium, nearly complete on discovery, was later dissected to enable better exploration of areas of interest. The left petrosal (fig. 27B) contains the stapes (fig. 33A–D), dislodged into the labyrinth (figs. 31, 33E) and reconstructed via CT segmental data.Published as part of MacPhee, R. D. E., Del Pino, Santiago Hernández, Kramarz, Alejandro, Forasiepi, Analía M., Bond, Mariano & Sulser, R. Benjamin, 2021, Cranial Morphology And Phylogenetic Relationships Of Trigonostylops Wortmani, An Eocene South American Native Ungulate, pp. 1-185 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (449) on page 15, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.449.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/541502
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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