924 research outputs found
Effect of sun-dry on nutritional and sensory acceptability of wilted African leafy vegetables: a case study of Morogoro Region, Tanzania
Get PDFAfrican leafy vegetables are rich in micronutrients that can help solve hidden hunger problems in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, their availability is limited due to seasonality and high post-harvest losses, which account for about 50%. In the field survey, we observed that wilted vegetables are usually discarded from the Morogoro Region, Tanzania markets. That loss also contributes to the loss of resources used to cultivate and transport the vegetables. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of the commonly used sun-drying method on the nutritional and sensory properties of fresh and wilted African nightshade and cowpea leaves. The common practice of handling fresh vegetables by vendors was adopted by putting the freshly harvested vegetables in an open basin at 24 ± 2°C for 3 days. Then, the stored vegetables were either sprayed or dipped in water to reduce the wilting rate. Next, the fresh and the wilted vegetables were dipped into hot water at 100°C for 7 min. Afterwards, the vegetables were sundried (22.5 ± 5.5°C) for three consecutive days. To study the effect of wilting, blanching, and sun drying fresh and dried vegetables were analysed for moisture, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, antioxidant activity and nitrate contents. Fresh and dried vegetables were used to prepare sauces using traditional recipes. The vegetable sauces were analysed for their sensory attributes using 30 semi-trained panellists. After drying, ascorbic acid contents, antioxidant activity and nitrate were reduced. The β-carotene significantly increased in the African nightshade and decreased in the cowpea leaves. Ascorbic acid ranged from 17.40 to 2.22 mg/100 g, antioxidant activity from 37.30 to 19.78, nitrate 230 to 10 mg/100 g and β-carotene from 96.38 to 79.49 mg/100. The sensory results showed relative acceptability among the sauces prepared from the fresh, fresh-dried and wilted-dried vegetables. In conclusion, blanching before drying reduced the water-soluble nutrient content but improved the sauces’ sensory scores of fresh and wilted vegetables. Therefore, reducing the post-harvest loss of African leafy vegetables is possible by drying the wilted vegetables and preparing the sauces with acceptable quality
Corrigendum: Effect of sun-dry on nutritional and sensory acceptability of wilted African leafy vegetables: a case study of Morogoro Region, Tanzania
No full textTechno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) of maize storage for small and middle sized farmers
Get PDFMaize is the most widely cultivated cereal crop worldwide, currently ranked the third most important crop globally after wheat and rice. It is a key staple food in many developing countries. However, maize is produced on a seasonal basis, usually harvest once per year. To maintain a constant supply throughout the year, maize should be properly stored. But this may entail high cost and high-energy consumption, which can contribute significant amounts of greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, three storage capacities (25,000 bu, 250,000 bu and 2,500,000 bu) of maize were evaluated for economic analysis and environmental impact. The results show that the total storage cost per bushel decreased as storage capacity increased (3.68/bu, and 0.40$/bu). Likewise, energy consumption (electricity, diesel and liquid propane) increased as storage capacity increased. Consequently, more greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, CH4, and NOX) were emitted to the environment as storage scale increased. Thus, to obtain an optimal balance between economics and the environment, it is important for small and middle-sized farms to understand the concepts of techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA).This article is published as Suleiman, Rashid and Kurt A. Rosentrater and "Techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) of maize storage for small and middle sized farmers." Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal 21, no. 2 (2019): 135-142. Posted with permission.</p
Techno-economic Analysis (TEA) of Extruded Aquafeeds
Get PDFThe worldwide decline and overexploitation of ocean fisheries stocks had provided an incentive for the rapid growth of aquaculture. The aquaculture industry has been recognized as the fastest-growing food production system globally, with a 10% increase in production per year and is one of the most reliable and sustainable growth markets for manufactured feeds. Extrusion technology has been extensively used in the modern aquatic feed manufacturing, due to nutritional, physical properties improvements and cost effectiveness of feeds. Cost related to aquatic feed remains the biggest challenge, especially for small-scale producers. In order to understand costs and potential breakeven points, a single screw extruder and three different production scenarios (0.2, 2 and 20 t/day) throughput were used to develop techno-economic models for small-scale producers of extruded aquatic feeds. The results show annualized capital costs decreased as production capacity increased. Thus, aquatic feed producers could use this tool to evaluate annual costs and benefits to determine processing economics. Producers will have to consider the ingredients used, though, as raw ingredients constitute the greatest cost for the production of feeds.This article is published as Suleiman, Rashid, and Kurt A. Rosentrater. "Techno-economic Analysis (TEA) of Extruded Aquafeeds." Journal of Food Research 7, no. 5 (2018): 57. doi: 10.5539/jfr.v7n5p57. Posted with permission.</p
Kutathmini Mtindo na Dhamira katika Riwaya za Eupharase Kezilahabi na Mohamed Suleiman: Utafiti Linganishi.
Get PDFUtafiti huu umeshughulikia mada iliyohusu ‘Kutathmini Mtindo na Dhamira katika Riwaya za Eupharase Kezilahabi na Mohamed Suleiman: Utafiti Linganishi" kwa kurejelea riwaya za Kichwamaji na Dunia Uwanja wa Fujo za Euphrase Kezilahabi na zile za Kiu na Nyota ya Rehema za Mohamed Suleiman”. Ili kutimiza kusudi hilo tulikuwa na malengo mahsusi manne; kubainisha mbinu za kimtindo katika riwaya teule za Euphrase Kezilahabi na Mohamed Suleiman, Kulinganisha mbinu za kimtindo katika riwaya teule za Euphrase Kezilahabi na Mohamed Suleiman, Kulinganua mbinu za kimtindo katika riwaya teule za Euphrase Kezilahabi na Mohamed Suleiman, na Kulinganua dhamira zinazojitokeza katika riwaya teule za Euphrase Kezilahabi na Mohamed Suleiman. Sampuli ya utafiti huu imeteuliwa kwa kutumia mbinu ya madhumuni maalumu. Data za msingi zilikusanywa kwa mbinu ya usomaji makini na kuchambuliwa kwa mkabala wa kimaelezo. Mjadala wa data uliongozwa na nadharia za teule Mwingilianomatini, nadharia ya Umitindo na Nadharia ya Umuundo. Utafiti umegundua kuwa waandishi wanatofautiana na kufanana katika mbinu za kimtindo na dhamira zilizotumika kujenga kazi zao za sanaa. Wasanii wote wanafanana katika vipengele vya matumizi ya methali, misemo, tashibiha, sitiari, tashihisi, nidaa, mchanganyo ndimi, mdokezo, mjalizo, matumizi ya barua, nyimbo, ndoto, nafsi, masimulizi, motifu za safari, majina sadfa ya wahusika na dayalojia. Pia, wanatofautiana katika matumizi ya mitindo, hasa ile ya oksimora, tabdila, mazida, udondoshaji, haipofora, nakadhalika. Kwa upande wa dhamira wametofautiana kuhusu zile zinazohusu maisha, uongozi, mapinduzi na kisasi, mapenzi na ndoa, ujirani na uhusiano na utamaduni.
Maneno makuu: Umitindo, umuundo, mwingiliano mahiri, udondoshaji
Physical and Thermal Properties of Chia, Kañiwa, Triticale, and Farro Seeds as a Function of Moisture Content
Get PDFThe knowledge of physical and thermal properties in cereals, grains and oilseeds establishes an essential engineering tool for the design of equipment, storage structures, and processes. The physical properties and thermal properties for Chia, Kañiwa, Farro and Triticale grains were investigated at three levels of moisture content: 10%, 15% and 20% (d.b). Physical properties included 1000 seed weight, dimensions, mean diameters, surface area, volume, sphericity, and aspect ratio. Results indicated 1000 seed weight increased linearly with moisture content from 2.0 to 3.5 g for Chai, 2.5 to 4.0 g for Kañiwa, 42.7 to 48.3 g for Farro, and 51.0 to 53.7 g for Triticale. The porosity for Farro and Triticale increased from 38.71% to 44.1%, 40.37% to 44.65%, respectively, as moisture increased. Angle of repose increased as moisture content increased, as did values of L, a* and b* for all grains. Thermal properties of Kañiwa, Farro, and Triticale showed high correlation to moisture content. A negative relationship was observed for the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, while the thermal diffusivity had a positive linear increase trend with moisture content. This study showed that physical and thermal properties varied from grain to grain as a function of moisture content, and these data will be useful for future application development.This is a manuscript of an article published as Suleiman, Rashid, Kun Xie, and Kurt A. Rosentrater. "Physical and Thermal Properties of Chia, Kañiwa, Triticale, and Farro Seeds as a Function of Moisture Content." Applied Engineering in Agriculture (2019). DOI: 10.13031/aea.13142. Posted with permission.</p
Selected issues by Imam Suleiman bin Harb in the Book of Purity A comparative jurisprudential study
No full text The research revolves around the opinion of Imam Suleiman bin Harb (may God be pleased with him) in an important area in Islamic law in general and it is almost devoid of it, and it is an important chapter of jurisprudence, which is purity. The imam spoke about various issues in it, all of which a Muslim needs in his daily life. We began the research. By explaining the biography of Imam Suleiman bin Harb (may God be pleased with him), then he mentioned Imam Suleiman’s opinion by studying three issues The first: the ruling on ablution after removing the socks, the second: continuity in ablution, and the third: the difference in who said that the ears are from the head, by studying the research a comparative jurisprudential study, mentioning the evidence for each statement and explaining the most correct one, then the conclusion and an explanation of the research results that I reached, and the sources and references. 
Rashid al-Din’s “Shuab-i Pandjghana”: Research Perspectives
No full textThe author of the present study describes Rashid al-Din’s work “Shuab-i Pandjghana” obtained from the archives of the Topkapi Palace Museum in Istanbul. The article contains a brief description of the previous study of this important work. The author presents his own version about how “Shuab-i pandjghana” came to Anatolia, how the latest version of Rashid al-Din’s work corresponds to his famous composition “Compendium of Chronicles”, and tries to determine the date when this wide genealogy was created. The author also analyzes the information on the “Shuab-i pandjghana” contained in A.P.Grigoryev’s study
Strategic Reforms for Accelerated Agricultural Growth in Pakistan
Get PDFAgricultural growth rates in the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s show that strong growth during the 1960s was driven by several factors, including greater certainty in the use of irrigation water (as a result of an agreement with India), the introduction of productivityenhancing fertiliser-seed packages, the introduction of tubewells and the electrification of rural areas, and policy changes that improved the profitability of farming. Growth during the 1970s dropped to 2.3 percent as a result of the uncertainty created by land reforms in 1972 and 1977, severe climatic shocks, a cotton virus that depressed production for most of the decade, and political instability. The recovery in the 1980s and early 1990s can be attributed to the introduction of new cotton varieties and improved management techniques, as well as to a gradual improvement in economic incentives. Closer inspection of the nature and sources of this growth raises concerns about its sustainability and casts doubt on the ability of the sector to grow by more than 3–4 percent a year in the future. Many of the past sources of agricultural growth in Pakistan appear to have been fully exploited. Strategy for the future must effectively address the followings. Allowing the market to Operate, policy reforms that support the ongoing structural adjustment should be given top priority. To address the crisis in irrigation management market-determined incentives must be allowed to determine resource allocation within the irrigation system. Reform in extension should include establishing closer links with research institutions and reducing the number of front-line extension workers and replacing them with fewer, bettertrained workers who are more responsive to the needs of farming systems. Full-fledged land reform is difficult to enact and can be considered only after a comprehensive study of costs and benefits. Some important measures can be implemented immediately, however. Foremost is providing security of tenure to many farmers, especially tenants-at-will, thereby improving responsiveness to incentives and creating better incentives for long-term investments.
Communication Technologies for Vehicles: Third International Workshop, Nets4Cars/Nets4Trains 2011 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, March 23-24, 2011 Proceedings
No full textThe Communication Technologies for Vehicles workshop series provides an international forum on latest technologies and research in the field of intra- and inter-vehicle communications in which to present original research results in all areas relating to communication protocols and standards, mobility and traffic models, experimental and field operational testing, and performance analysis
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