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Кристаллоидные препараты в инфузионной терапии периоперационного периода у детей
No full textIntroduction. Today, it is proved that certain homeostatic shifts occur in patients during the intraoperative and postoperative (especially early) period. Success of conducted surgical treatment considerably depends not only on successful anesthesia and surgery but also on effective postoperative treatment. Proper management of an early postoperative period in children is of utmost importance due to physiological features of homeostasis, water-electrolyte metabolism and fluid composition regulation. The purpose was to confirm that infusion therapy aimed at homeostatic disorder correction is one of the main components of treatment during the postoperative period; infusion solution selected during the initial treatment is a key value to the expected therapy outcome. Materials and methods. Cyberleninka, PubMed, Medline, Crossref databases were used when analyzing literature. The search was not limited by the date of publication, the publications of the last decade were prioritized. Results. In the majority of cases, infusion therapy is given empirically as an exact idea of liquid status and its redistribution is lacking and proper selection of an optimal method of infusion therapy is necessary. The advantage of using a solution during the early postoperative period as initial therapy is an open issue. Solution of NaCl 0.9% is still being used though there were many reports describing its impact on electrolyte and acid-base blood balance. The use of balanced solutions has been moving to the forefront lately as they approach blood plasma composition the most. Along with conventional methods of infusion therapy, a domestic infusion solution of antihypoxic drugs is at our disposal at well, as it is capable to restore disturbed cellular energy. Conclusion. Thus, we have a variety of types and methods of infusion therapy. However, it is still unclear what type is the most effective in restoring the internal homeostasis as soon as possible reducing the rate of morbidity and mortality.Введение. Сегодня, безусловно, доказанным является тот факт, что в интраоперационном и послеоперационном (особенно раннем) периоде у пациентов возникают определенные сдвиги в гомеостазе. Во многом успех проведенного хирургического лечения зависит не только от успешно проведенной анестезии и операции, но и от эффективного послеоперационного лечения. В связи с физиологическими особенностями регуляции гомеостаза, водно-электролитного обмена и состава жидкости, крайне важным является правильное ведение раннего послеоперационного периода у детей. Цель заключалась в подтверждении положения, что инфузионная терапия, направленная на коррекцию нарушений гомеостаза, является одним из главных компонентов лечения в послеоперационном периоде, а выбор инфузионного раствора в стартовой терапии имеет одно из ключевых значений в достижении ожидаемого результата терапии. Материал и методы. В анализе литературы использовались базы данных Cyberleninka, PubMed, Medline, Crossref. Поиск не ограничивался по дате опубликования работ, акцент ставился на публикациях последних 10 лет. Результаты. Инфузионная терапия в большинстве случаев назначается эмпирически за отсутствием точного представления о статусе жидкости и его перераспределения, поэтому необходим тщательный подбор оптимального метода инфузионной терапии. Остается открытым вопрос о преимуществах использования того или иного раствора в раннем послеоперационном периоде в качестве стартовой терапии. Раствор NaCl 0,9% продолжает использоваться, не смотря на множество сообщений о его воздействии на водно-солевой и кислотно-щелочной баланс крови. Последние годы на передний план выходит использование сбалансированных растворов, как наиболее приближенных к составу плазмы крови. Наряду с использованием классических методов инфузионной терапии в нашем арсенале еще существует отечественный инфузионный раствор, объединенный под общим названием антигипоксанты, за счет способности восстановления нарушений энергетики клеток. Заключение. Таким образом, мы имеем множество вариантов и методов инфузионной терапии, но остается открытым вопрос – какой же вариант самый эффективный и позволяет восстановить внутренний гомеостаз в кратчайшие сроки, уменьшая при этом уровень заболеваемости и смертности
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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