1,720,979 research outputs found
Impact of wood fuel consumption on forest degradation, health outcomes and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa
Get PDFThis thesis is motivated based on the increasing production of wood fuel driven by its
growing consumption in the Sub-Saharan African region. While other parts of the
world are already on the verge of reducing the use of wood fuel and switching to much
cleaner and healthier fuel such as electricity, considering the potential environmental,
health and economic effects it has, the story is different in Sub-Saharan Africa. The
demand for the wood fuel in Sub-Saharan Africa is on the increase and has been even
projected to increase further in the coming decades. This calls for concern and research
into the area, as some challenges accompany the increase. These likely challenges,
which are related to forest degradation, health and economic growth, are the focus of
our study. Therefore, this study specifically investigates the impact of wood fuel
consumption on forest degradation as objective one. Whereas, the impact of wood fuel
consumption on health outcomes (under five and adult mortality rates) and economic
growth are investigated as objective two and three, respectively. The organisation of
this thesis is based on essay format of thesis layout and not the conventional format.
A panel method of system generalized method of moment (GMM) was used to
estimate the impact of wood fuel consumption on forest degradation and the impact of
wood fuel consumption on health outcomes in 45 and 46 sub-Saharan African
countries, respectively, for the 2005-2013 period. While the impact of wood fuel
consumption on economic growth was estimated using panel autoregressive
distributed lag (ARDL) method, which included pooled mean group, mean group and
dynamic fixed effect estimators in 19 sub-Saharan African countries for the 1979-2013
period. The data on all the variables for all the countries were sourced from the
databases of World development indicators (WDI) of World Bank, World Governance
Indicators (WGI), and food and agricultural organisation (FAO). The estimated results for the impact of wood fuel consumption on forest degradation
reveal that wood fuel consumption significantly increases forest degradation in the
region. When interacted with control of corruption or government effectiveness, wood
fuel consumption has been found to have a negative impact on forest degradation. It
suggests that a sound control of corrupt practices and effective governance can help
to reduce degradation in the region. On the impact of wood fuel consumption on health
outcomes, the results show that wood fuel consumption has significant positive impact
on adult and under-five mortality rates in the region. This finding confirms the
assertion that the rising deaths recorded in the region from indoor air pollution related
illnesses can be linked to wood fuel smoke. Lastly, the results of the impact of wood
fuel consumption on economic growth disclose that wood fuel consumption causes a
decline in economic growth through a decrease in productivity of labour and
increasing medical expenses due to indoor air pollution related infections. The
estimated models were validated via diagnostic and robustness tests, which suggest
that the estimates were reliable.
The general findings indicate that an increase in wood fuel consumption facilitates
forest degradation, adult and under-five mortality rates, as well as slow down
economic growth. The policy recommendation from this study is that governments of
Sub-Saharan African countries should strengthen the fight against corruption and
ensure effective governance, as well as strive to make the modern fuel available and
affordable. Thus, it will assist in reducing the too much dependence on wood sources
for energy use. Consequently, the region can safeguard its forests, prevent indoor air
related smoke diseases, and avert the adverse effect of wood fuel consumption on
growth
Financial Development and Inflation Nexus in Nigeria: Evidence from ARDL Bounds Testing
No full textThe nexus between financial development and inflation has been a topic of interest by researchers. This paper investigated the relationship between the two variables in Nigerian context. ARDL bounds testing approach has been employed to check for cointegration relation. The results reveal that financial development (proxied by M2/GDP ratio) is negatively correlated with inflation (proxied by CPI), both in the short run and long run as suggested by the theory. However, the result concords with the theoretical provisions and related literatures in this area. The policy recommendation driven from this work is that,maintenance of low level of inflation could help in enhancing financial development in Nigeria. Therefore, policies geared toward maintenance of low level of inflation are desirable so as to accelerate financial development. Keywords: Financial Development, Inflation,ARDL bounds testin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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