8 research outputs found
Dissipation kinetics, decontamination and dietary risk assessment of imidacloprid residue in bitter gourd and soil
No full textImidacloprid is a broad-spectrum neonicotinoid class insecticide with systemic action, widely used on vegetables in India for the management of sucking insect pests. The overall pesticide usage profile in gourds growing districts of Tamil Nadu showed that imidacloprid as the most commonly used insecticide. The present study aimed to develop and validate an analytical approach for detecting imidacloprid and 6-chloronicotinic acid residues in bitter gourd fruit, juice and soil using LC-EI-MS (liquid chromatography coupled with electron ionization mass spectrometry) was undertaken. The persistence pattern, effect of household processing and risk assessment of imidacloprid on bitter gourd was studied by conducting field trials at single and double doses of 20 and 40 g a.i ha-1. Calibration curves showed a good linear relationship (r2>0.99) with the concentrations (0.0025–0.5 µg mL-1) of imidacloprid and 6-chloronicotinic acid. The limit of detection and quantification of the method were 0.008 and 0.025 mg kg-1, respectively. Accuracy of imidacloprid and 6-chloronicotinic acid residue recovery was in the range of 88–101 per cent with RSD of less than six per cent in all the matrices of bitter gourd. Initial deposits of imidacloprid at 20 and 40 g a.i ha-1 were 0.68 and 1.25 mg kg-1 and the residues persisted up to 10 and 15 days with their respective half-lives of 2.51 and 3.13 days. Simple decontamination techniques showed 33 to 80 per cent reduction of residues in samples collected up to 10 days after treatment. The estimated RQ was less than one indicating the level of risk to the consumer is negligible
Effect of decontamination and processing on insecticide residues in grape (Muscat Hamburg)
No full textInternational audienc
Isolation, Morpho-Molecular Characterization, Phylogenetics, and Pesticide Tolerance of Fructophilic Lactic Acid Bacteria from the Pollen, Honey, and Gut of Apis cerana indica Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
No full textHoney bees (Apis cerana indica) play a crucial role in pollination and ecosystem stability, but their populations are increasingly threatened by pesticide exposure and environmental stressors. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), particularly fructophilic LAB (FLAB), are key components of the honey bee gut microbiota, contributing to digestion, immune modulation, and pathogen resistance. This study investigates the diversity, phylogenetic relationships, and pesticide tolerance of LAB isolated from honey bee gut, pollen, and honey across four distinct agroecosystems in Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 41 LAB strains were identified using both morphological and molecular techniques, including Apilactobacillus kunkeei, Fructobacillus fructosus, A. apinorum, and Secundilactobacillus kimchicus. Notably, this study reports S. kimchicus in the honey bee gut for the first time, expanding the known microbiota diversity associated with honey bees. Phylogenetic analysis, based on molecular traits, revealed distinct clustering patterns, indicating regional adaptations and evolutionary divergence among isolates. Growth assays confirmed a strong preference for fructose-rich environments, consistent with their ecological niche in nectar and honey. Pesticide tolerance assays demonstrated that A. kunkeei exhibited the highest resilience to imidacloprid, dinotefuran, fipronil, and dimethoate, highlighting its potential role in mitigating pesticide-induced stress in honey bee colonies. These findings suggest the application of FLAB as probiotic candidates by degrading pesticides and enhance colony resilience by maintaining gut health. Future research should explore the functional mechanisms underlying pesticide detoxification and immune modulation to develop targeted probiotic formulations for sustainable apiculture
Seed transmission of potyviruses: A threat to crop health
No full textPlant introductions, including the movement of seeds across international borders, significantly contribute to the emergence of viral pathogens, which account for approximately half of all emerging plant diseases. Among plant virus families, the Potyviridae stand out as the largest and most economically impactful. The potyvirus genus with 201 species widespread across various crops, causes substantial crop losses globally. These viruses are primarily transmitted by aphids in a nonpersistent manner, with some also capable of transmission through seeds. Global food security is significantly impacted by the crucial part that seed transmission plays in the epidemiology and spread of different plant viruses. With transmission rates varying greatly between viruses and host plants, over 231 viruses were discovered to be capable of spreading through seeds, including 20 seed-transmitted potyviruses. The seed transmission efficiency of potyviruses such as maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV), cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), and bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) ranges from 3% to 95%. Other notable viruses include soybean mosaic virus (SMV) (58% transmission) and pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) (100% transmission). The diversity in seed transmission efficiency among viruses demonstrates the important role that seeds play in the propagation and dissemination of viral pathogens. In addition, seed transmission permits viruses to survive in unfavorable environments, promotes long-distance spread via international seed exchange, and acts as the main point of infection for viruses that have vertical transmission. The complex dynamics of seed transmission and the complex relationship between viruses and their host plants highlight the significance of strict phytosanitary measures in protecting global agriculture from the destructive effects of viruses transmitted through seeds. This review focuses on potyvirus seed transmission, with an emphasis on determining the significance of this mode and understanding the potential role of seed transmission in potyviruses
Do diamide insecticides have any impact on beneficial arthropods? A review
No full textDiamide insecticides with novel modes of action have taken a significant place in modern agricultural practices around the globe due to their excellent toxicological profile and effective target efficiency against crop pests. However, concerns surrounding their impact on non-target organisms, particularly beneficial insects, have spurred widespread scrutiny. In this review, we extensively examine the off-target effects of diamide insecticides on demographic and life table parameters of insect pollinators, predators, parasitoids, and other beneficial organisms by understanding the mode of action as well as the critical comparison of the route of exposure of diamide insecticides between insect pests and beneficial arthropods. Furthermore, the differential susceptibility of different life stages of insects towards these insecticides, physiological impairment as well as detoxification mechanisms employed by natural enemies and pollinators to mitigate the adverse effects of diamide insecticides are also elucidated in detail. By critically evaluating the existing literature, it is clear that, while harnessing the benefits of diamides in insect pest management, the negative impacts on beneficial arthropods are not to be undermined. Future success in insect pest management will benefit from the identification of specific genes responsible for the detoxification of diamide pesticides in beneficial arthropods so as to harness the benefits, reduce their impact and sustain their presence in the global agrochemical market. Furthermore, policy regulations and outreach activities are needed to inform end users on the judicious use of diamides in specific crop ecosystems.The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author
Standardization of an analytical technique for determination of pesticide residues in fresh and processed button mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach
No full textAbstract An efficient modified QuEChERS procedure was established for the simultaneous determination of 37 pesticide residues in fresh and processed edible button mushroom by employing GC/ GC-MS and LC-MS/MS. The effectiveness, reliability and accuracy of the method were assessed through validation parameters such as linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, accuracy, uncertainty, and matrix effect. The linearity calibration for all the selected pesticides at standard concentrations (0.003, 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1 µg mL− 1) obtained were ≥ 0.970 in both GC and LC-MS/MS. The LOD and LOQ values were 0.003 and 0.01 µg g− 1, respectively. The recoveries obtained in the spiking level of 0.01–0.1 µg g− 1 were in the acceptable range (71.69 to 117.90%) with RSD less than 20%. Matrix effect and uncertainty for all target compounds were in the acceptable range. Monitoring of edible button mushroom samples collected from market revealed the presence of cypermethrin residues in four out of 25 fresh button mushroom samples and no detectable residues were found in processed mushroom products tested. Dietary risk assessement was calculated to the detected cypermethrin in the fresh button mushroom samples and RQ value obtained was <1, where risk is acceptable
Critique on the dipteran pests of commercial flower crops: An obligate threat to the floral industry
No full textThe floral industry grapples with challenges like changing climatic scenarios, differences in market trends, rising costs, and severe losses posed by insect pests. The management of dipteran pests encompassing diverse species, such as leaf miners, midges, flies, and mosquitoes, has emerged as an obligate adversary, inflicting substantial economic losses in the cut and loose flower industry. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, this paper delves into the diverse array of dipteran species of leaf miners and midges, their life cycles, distribution, host range, damaging symptoms, insecticide resistance, and the management strategies practised to date. Furthermore, this critique underscores the urgent need for innovative approaches and integrated pest management techniques to mitigate the escalating menace of dipteran pests. By elucidating the multifaceted challenges and proposing strategic interventions, this critique aims to foster dialogue and inspire concerted action among researchers, stakeholders, and scholars to safeguard the sustainability and profitability of the floral industry
Pesticide residue analysis in different spice samples by automatic µSPE clean-up workflow determination using LC-MS/MS
No full textSpices such as paprika, curry, turmeric, dry chilli, and black pepper are grown in various geographic locations and widely
used by consumers across the world. Pesticides applied during crop production practices could contaminate the produce,
affecting the quality and posing a health risk for consumers. The complexity of the spice matrix and the wide range of target
pesticides potentially present require special sample extraction and clean-up treatments to overcome matrix interference
and ion suppression. In this study, sample extracts from spice matrices (paprika/curry/turmeric/dry chilli/black pepper)
were cleaned up by an automated μSPE clean-up method for multi-residue analysis of pesticides using LC-MS/MS. The
automated μSPE clean-up method involves pre-filled cartridges containing various sorbent materials suitable for numerous
co-extractives and the automated clean-up process was carried out using an autosampler. The regulatory limit for pesticides
in spices varies with type, with a low MRL of 0.05 mg/kg or higher for 99% of the analytes. At spiking concentrations
of 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg, good recoveries between 70 and 120% with RSD values below 20% were achieved for more than
98% of the compounds. With automatic clean-up of samples that takes 5 min/sample, 20% increased output per day shows
an important advantage achieved compared to manual clean-up
