1,735,146 research outputs found
Interview with Sudha Rajamani
No full textSudha Rajamani is an
Assistant Professor at
the Indian Institute of
Science Education and
Research (IISER) at Pune.
Her research in the field
of Astrobiology focuses
on discerning the series
of events that might have
led to the origin and
evolution of early life on
prebiotic Earth. In this
interview with Reeteka
Sud, she shares her
experiences and insights
on the life of a scientist
Arcithelphusa Pati & Sudha Devi 2015
No full textArcithelphusa Pati & Sudha Devi, 2015 (Figs. 2 A–F, 3B, C, D, E–K, N–P, 4A–F) Arcithelphusa Pati & Sudha Devi 2015a: 35; Pati et al. 2017: 1297 (list); Rajesh et al. 2017: 134 (list); Pati & Thackeray 2018: 10 (list). Type species. Arcithelphusa cochleariformis Pati & Sudha Devi, 2015, by original designation; gender feminine. Diagnosis [emended from Pati & Sudha Devi (2015a)]. Carapace ovate, broader than long (cw/cl = 1.2–1.4), relatively deep (ch/cw = 0.6–0.7); dorsal surface arched, almost smooth; anterolateral margin lacking distinct serrations; front strongly deflexed, with narrow frontal margin (fw/cw = 0.25); epigastric cristae only visible as 2 low, broad, oval protuberances; postorbital cristae indistinct; external orbital angle indistinct; epibranchial tooth indistinct; branchial regions highly inflated; cervical grooves relatively shallow, not reaching beyond level of postorbital cristae; frontal median triangle incomplete, lateral margins indiscernible; epistome posterior margin with triangular median lobe and sinuous lateral lobes (Figs. 2A, B, D, E, 4A, B, D, E). Third maxilliped exopod longer than ischium, lacking flagellum or with relatively short flagellum, ca. 0.5× width of merus (Fig. 3B, N). Chelipeds relatively smooth (Figs. 2 A–F, 4A–F). Ambulatory legs slender, long (Figs. 2 A–F, 4A–F). Suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3 shallow or deep, broad, not reaching edge of sternum; suture between male thoracic sternites s3/s4 deep, broad, reaching edge of sternum (Figs. 2C, F, 3C, 4C). Pleonal locking mechanism with low, anteriorly directed tubercles on each antero-submedial part of sternite 5 (Fig. 3I). Male sternopleonal cavity long, reaching imaginary line joining medial part of cheliped coxae (Figs. 2C, F, 4C). Male pleon narrowly triangular, with concave lateral margins; pleonal somite 6 trapezoidal, broader than long, with gently convex lateral margins (Figs. 2C, F, 3D, 4C). Male telson narrow, with strongly concave lateral margins; apex rounded (Figs. 2C, F, 3D, 4C). G1 relatively stout, with large flexible zone, tip not reaching pleonal locking structure; terminal segment relatively short, ca. 0.3–0.4× length of subterminal segment, medial portion distinctly curved outwards, dorsal flap absent or low, broad; subterminal segment relatively stout, with strongly convex outer margin at basal half (Fig. 3 E–G, I, J, O). G2 short, ca. 0.6–0.7× length of G1; distal segment very short, ca. 0.2× length of basal segment (Fig. 3H, K, P). Remarks. Among the Indian genera of gecarcinucid crabs, Arcithelphusa is most close to Cylindrotelphusa in carapace morphology and gonopod structures (see Pati & Sudha Devi 2015a; Pati et al. 2017). Both the genera can be distinguished from other Indian gecarcinucid genera mainly by the presence of a relatively deep carapace (ch/cw = 0.5–0.7), a narrow frontal margin (ca. 0.25 times the carapace width), an incomplete frontal median triangle, and a short G2 distal segment (ca. 0.2–0.3 times the length of the basal segment) (Figs. 2B, E, 3H, K, P, 4B, E; see Bahir & Yeo 2007: figs. 4D, 5B; Pati et al. 2017: figs. 11b, 12d, 13b, 14d). Other major characters common to both are their strongly convex dorsal surface, the highly inflated branchial regions, the prominent and triangular median lobe on the epistome posterior margin, a narrowly triangular male pleon, and a short G2 (Figs. 2 A–F, 3D, E, H, J, K, O, P, 4A–E; see Bahir & Yeo 2007: figs. 4A, D, 5A–C; Pati et al. 2017: figs. 11a–c, h, 12a, d, 13a–c, h, 14a, d). While they share many features of the carapace and gonopods, the flagellum on the exopod of the third maxilliped shows considerable variations. The flagellum on the third maxilliped exopod is altogether absent in A. cochleariformis (Fig. 3N) whereas it is distinct but short in A. tumpikkai sp. nov., reaching nearly half the merus width (Fig. 3B). On the other hand, all the species of Cylindrotelphusa have a well-developed and relatively long flagellum on the third maxilliped exopod, which reaches up to 0.6–0.7 times the merus width (see Pati et al. 2017: figs. 11i, 13i). The variations in the length of the flagellum on the third maxilliped exopod could be associated with the ecological requirements of each species of Arcithelphusa and Cylindrotelphusa. According to Cumberlidge (1999), the presence of a long flagellum on the third maxilliped exopod of a crab is a plesiomorphic state, and the absence of the said flagellum is an apomorphic state, which is common in air-breathing crabs and mostly associated with the adaptations of the respiratory system by the relatively terrestrial species of freshwater crabs (see Ng & Shokita 1995). Cumberlidge (1999) also noted that this character is useful to distinguish some genera of the West African crabs. The presence or absence of a flagellum on the third maxilliped exopod, however, is not a reliable character to exclusively define Arcithelphusa and Cylindrotelphusa because the condition of the flagellum varies considerably among their species depending upon the habitat preferences. Huang (2018) recently found that some crab genera are strikingly similar in external morphology, and the use of the G1 characters alone could be problematic to define them. In these situations, he suggested using a combination of characters that are apparently under less environmental selective pressure, such as male pleon, G1, and female vulvae. Furthermore, a molecular study has now become necessary to support morphological data (see Shih et al. 2016; Huang 2018). Currently, no molecular data is available for Arcithelphusa and Cylindrotelphusa, and the female vulvae were not described for all the species. Their male pleon is quite similar in morphology. On the contrary, the G1 structure is a reliable character to set them apart. While the generic treatment of Arcithelphusa needs investigation based on morphological and molecular data, we still continue to recognize the genus and provide here an emended diagnosis to accommodate both A. cochleariformis and A. tumpikkai sp. nov. Arcithelphusa can be now distinguished from Cylindrotelphusa by the following suite of characters: the anterolateral margins of the carapace lack distinct serrations (Figs. 2A, D, 4A, D) (vs. with distinct serrations; see Bahir & Yeo 2007: fig. 5A; Pati et al. 2017: figs. 11a, 13a); the third maxilliped exopod lacks a flagellum (Fig. 3N) or with a short flagellum that reaches half the merus width (Fig. 3B) (vs. with a well-developed flagellum that reaches beyond half the merus width; see Pati et al. 2017: figs. 11i, 13i); the chelipeds are relatively smooth (Figs. 2 A–F, 4A–F) (vs. rugose; see Bahir & Yeo 2007: fig. 5A–C; Pati et al. 2017: figs. 11a, c, d, 13a, c, d); the G1 is relatively stout with a large flexible zone (Fig. 3 E–G, J, O) (vs. relatively slender with a reduced flexible zone; see Bahir & Yeo 2007: fig. 4A–C; Pati et al. 2017: figs. 12a–c, 14a–c); the G1 terminal segment is relatively short, ca. 0.3–0.4 times the length of the subterminal segment (Fig. 3E, J, O) (vs. relatively long, ca. 0.4–0.6 times the length of the subterminal segment; see Bahir & Yeo 2007: fig. 4A; Pati et al. 2017: figs. 12a, 14a); the G1 subterminal segment is relatively stout, with a strongly convex outer margin at the basal half (Fig. 3E, F, J, O) (vs. relatively slender, with a straight to gently convex outer margin at the basal half; see Bahir & Yeo 2007: fig. 4A, B; Pati et al. 2017: figs. 12a, c, 14a, c). Distribution. The genus is endemic to the Western Ghats of India and known only from Wayanad district of Kerala (Fig. 1).Published as part of Pati, S. K., Sujila, P. S. & Devi, A. R. Sudha, 2019, Description of a new species of freshwater crab of the genus Arcithelphusa Pati & Sudha Devi, 2015 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Western Ghats, Kerala, India, pp. 203-214 in Zootaxa 4674 (2) on pages 205-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4674.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/345892
Orthodox Belief and Social Stigma in Sudha Murthy’s Novel Mahashweta
Get PDFAmong the various prolific writers of English in India is a name that does not need an introduction per se. Sudha Murthy is an immensely accomplished business woman, teacher, social worker and an author to reckon with.
Feminism plays an essential role in women rights and Sudha Murthy’s novels are rich in dealing with it. This paper is an attempt to analysis Sudha Murthy\u27s novel Mahashweta, a powerful text that tells the story of the female protagonist Anupama, who suffered from leucoderma after her marriage and how the social stigma marred her beautiful and confident personality temporarily not permanently because Sudha Murthy’s female characters suffer ,struggle under pressure to come out as polished diamonds. They survive the atrocities practiced against them
Perspective: Adhesion Mediated Signal Transduction in Bacterial Pathogens
No full textDuring the infection process, pathogenic bacteria undergo large-scale transcriptional changes to promote virulence and increase intrahost survival. While much of this reprogramming occurs in response to changes in chemical environment, such as nutrient availability and pH, there is increasing evidence that adhesion to host-tissue can also trigger signal transduction pathways resulting in differential gene expression. Determining the molecular mechanisms of adhesion-mediated signaling requires disentangling the contributions of chemical and mechanical stimuli. Here we highlight recent work demonstrating that surface attachment drives a transcriptional response in bacterial pathogens, including uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli), and discuss the complexity of experimental design when dissecting the specific role of adhesion-mediated signaling during infection.Peer reviewe
FIGURE 5 in Description of a new species of freshwater crab of the genus Arcithelphusa Pati & Sudha Devi, 2015 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Western Ghats, Kerala, India
No full textFIGURE 5. Live colouration and habitat of Arcithelphusa tumpikkai sp. nov. A, live crab in situ at Makkimala (type locality); B, small boulders (indicated by red arrow) at Makkimala; C, shallow burrow under small and moist boulder at Makkimala; D, burrows (indicated by red arrow) along water channels of rice fields at Varayal.Published as part of Pati, S.K., Sujila, P.S. & Devi, A.R. Sudha, 2019, Description of a new species of freshwater crab of the genus Arcithelphusa Pati & Sudha Devi, 2015 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Western Ghats, Kerala, India, pp. 203-214 in Zootaxa 4674 (2) on page 212, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4674.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/345892
Book Review: Dalit Assertion by Sudha Pai
Get PDFA review of Sudha Pai's book on Dalit assertion in Indi
Resilience and Resistance: Women in Sudha Murty’s Select Short Stories
Get PDFSudha Murty is celebrated globally for her remarkable storytelling expertise, who intricately weaves poignant narratives that navigate the spectrum of human emotions and experiences. The collections of short stories Three Thousand Stitches, Wise and Otherwise and The Day I Stopped Drinking Milk written by Sudha Murty serve as a treasure trove, delving into prevalent societal issues with keen sensitivity. Through relatable characters navigating life\u27s challenges, Sudha Murty adeptly sheds light on themes like gender equality, poverty, women empowerment, and education disparities. By interweaving such societal issues into her narratives, she not only raises awareness but also prompts for introspection among readers. They offer a nuanced exploration of the challenges faced by women in traditional Indian society and their journey towards empowerment. Moreover, Sudha Murty\u27s stories feature ordinary women facing extraordinary circumstances, making a lasting impact on society. Accordingly, this research paper explores the select short stories of Sudha Murty to examine the theme of women empowerment. It investigates how female characters in the select short stories of Sudha Murty assert their rights and redefine their roles in the face of patriarchal structures, societal expectations, and personal challenges. Thus, the purpose of this study is to demonstrate how contemporary literature represents women\u27s empowerment, resilience, and resistance
Cultural Bonding, Women Empowerment and Ecofeminism in Sudha Murthy’s Novels
Get PDFThe purpose of the paper is to study the cultural bonding, women empowerment and ecofeminism in Sudha Murthy’s novels. The traditional and cultural environment of India is rich and varied. Indian women are a blend of charm and firm, who protect the Indian culture and still establish their own identity. Sudha Murhty’s novels depict women as preservers of culture and nature. Sudha Murthy is a prolific and realistic writer. She writes in the background of Indian English literature. The works of many recent Indian Writers like Anita Desai, Mahashweta Devi, Sashi Deshpande, Shoba De, Jumpa Lahiri, Arundati Roy and Sudha Murthy have been enjoyed to a great extent by many readers. Sudha Murthy writes in a simple and lucid style. Her works carry a lot of historical influences and a strong cultural bonding. Her novels make a lasting impact in the minds of the readers which make them think and rethink. The paper presents in the way in which women are portrayed, how women struggle for identity and finally liberate themselves in this male dominated society. The study of the research concludes that today’s new Indian women are ready to accomplish their aspirations, yet preserving Indian culture and protecting nature. Sudha Murthy’s novels bring out to the world the characteristics of Indian women - a blend of charm and firm
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