1,721,129 research outputs found
Editorial: Obesity, hyperglycemia, and pregnancy: from pathophysiology to clinical practice - volume II
Full text linkAdverse nutritional and genetic factors play a significant role in the pathogenesis of non-communicable diseases. Pregnancy represents a critical time window in which maternal metabolic disturbances, such as obesity and hyperglycemia, may result in short- and long-term complications for both the mother and the offspring.
There is strong evidence that even pre- and periconceptional parental insults can affect fetal development by activating specific key mechanisms of epigenetic reprogramming. Therefore, the study of trans-generational effects is a very promising field of research, as the knowledge of pathophysiological and clinical mechanisms induced by maternal obesity and hyperglycemia during pregnancy could shed light on the health of the next generation and provide useful preventive tool
Relationships of surrogate indexes of insulin resistance with insulin sensitivity assessed by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp and subclinical vascular damage
Full text linkIntroduction Insulin resistance plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP) and triglycerides × fasting glucose (TyG) index are surrogate measures of insulin sensitivity based on anthropometric and/or biochemical parameters routinely collected in clinical practice. Herein, we compared the relationships of these four surrogate indexes with insulin sensitivity assessed by the gold standard euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique, and subclinical vascular damage. Research design and methods 631 subjects with different degrees of glucose tolerance underwent euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. The surrogate TG/HDL-C ratio, VAI, LAP and TyG indexes were computed. Pulse pressure and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were measured as indicators of subclinical vascular damage. Results All the four surrogate indexes showed a significant correlation with insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in the whole study population. However, only LAP index had a significant association with insulin sensitivity across the different glucose tolerance groups. LAP index showed the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.728) to detect individuals with insulin resistance defined as the bottom quartile of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, followed by TG/HDL-C ratio (0.693), TyG index (0.688) and VAI (0.688). A significant association was found between the four indexes of insulin sensitivity and pulse pressure and IMT. All the four indexes have a similar ability to detect individuals with vascular atherosclerosis defined by IMT>0.9 mm. Conversely, LAP index had the greatest ability to recognize individuals with increased vascular stiffness defined by pulse pressure ≥60 mm Hg. Conclusion Among the surrogate TG/HDL-C ratio, VAI, LAP and TyG indexes of insulin sensitivity, LAP index showed a significant association with insulin-stimulated glucose disposal across the different glucose tolerance categories and the highest ability to detect insulin resistance and subclinical vascular damage
Acute rhabdomyolysis during treatment with amisulpride and metformin
No full textAcute rhabdomyolysis during treatment with amisulpride and metformi
Reciprocal association of plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 and interleukin-6 levels with cardio-metabolic risk factors in nondiabetic subjects
Full text linkOBJECTIVE— To examine the relationship between plasma IGF-1 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in Caucasian nondiabetic subjects and evaluate the association of IGF-1 and IL-6 with the cardiometabolic risk factors characterizing metabolic syndrome (MetS).
RESEARCH DESIGNANDMETHODS— The study group consisted of 186 Caucasian nondiabetic subjects who underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and an euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. A logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age and sex, was used to determine the association between tertiles of IGF-1 and IL-6 and the MetS and its components.
RESULTS— After adjusting for age and sex, both IGF-1 and IL-6 were correlated with insulin resistance and individual components of MetS, but in opposite directions. In the logistic regression model adjusted for age and sex, higher IL-6 and lower IGF-1 levels confer increased risk of having MetS and its two underlying pathophysiological abnormalities, i.e.,
visceral obesity and insulin resistance.
CONCLUSIONS— The present results raise the possibility that lowered protection against inflammation, i.e., lower IGF-1 levels, may have a role in the development of MetS and its features, resulting in an imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory proteins
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The HPA Axis in the pathogenesis of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
No full textChronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by profound disabling chronic fatigue associated with a wide array of other physical symptoms. Its etiology is currently unknown. Among the various hypotheses, considerable interest has been placed in the hypothalamus-pituitary- adrenal axis as a possible target of the pathogenesis of CFS. This article reviews the available scientific evidence about a role of hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis in the pathogenesis of chronic fatigue syndrome
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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