1,720,967 research outputs found
Improving weak links in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
Get PDFTuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest and deadliest infectious diseases in the world. We evaluated the current diagnostic TB service in Yogyakarta using sputum culture and intensified follow-up as additional tools and realized that the current work-up primarily based on clinical evaluation, sputum microscopy and chest X-ray is generally accurate, but slow, and not point-of-care based. We studied a hand-held breath test system (electronic nose or enose) that uses a neuronal network recognising patterns of volatile molecules. This technology (using machine learning, or artificial intelligence) has potential as a point of care test; the diagnostic precision in this study was moderate and needs to be further improved. A systematic review of enose systems showed the great potential of such devices. We evaluated first-line TB drug exposure over time in newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary TB, comparing exposure during fasting and fed condition; we modelled the findings to compute smart time points to reduce the burden of blood draws and measurements for patients and the health system. These studies help to tailor treatment for individual patients as well as to improve drug exposure in general informing future guidelines, and thereby improving outcome for patients. Administering TB drugs through the inhalation route instead of injections may help to improve safety and convenience of patients with drug-resistant TB; we explored the possibility to perform studies for this purpose in the setting of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Profile of Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
Get PDFIntroduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and becomes the main health problems in the world and in Indonesia, as well. The microorganism itself is an intracellular pathogen. The control of tuberculosis infection depends on cell-mediated immunity involving activated macrophages, T cells, and cytokines. The balance and dynamic changes between Th1 cytokine and Th2 cytokine refl ect the immune response of host and infl uence the clinical manifestation of the disease.Objectives: This research was designed to study the profi le and interaction of IFN-γ (Th1 cytokine) and IL-10 (Th2 cytokine) of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients in endemic area.Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 23 pulmonary TB patients and 16 healthy persons was cultured and stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) to investigate the ability to secrete IFN-γ and IL-10.Result: The result showed that there was a decreased of IFN-γ response to PHA in PTB patients, suggesting the defi ciency of general immune capacity in PTB. In contrast, IFN-γ secreted by specifi c antigen was higher in PTB patients which minimal lung lesion was higher than moderate-far advanced. It is related to IFN-γ roles as immunomodulator in cellular immunity and immunoprotectant through stimulated antimicrobial capacity in macrophage. In fact, IL-10 response to PHA and M.tuberculosis antigen in PTB patients was lower than that of in healthy persons; moderate-far advanced lung lesion was the lowest. It was probably refl ecting their poor general conditions. Paired distribution between IFN-γ and IL-10 pointed out the leaning of negative interaction. It refl ected the existence of counterpart/cross regulation between IFN-γ(Th1 cytokine) and IL-10 (Th2 cytokine).Conclusion: In conclusion that specifi c immune response of PTB is related to the degree of lung lesion. This study also provides the balance of Th1 cytokine and Th2 cytokine in relation to TB.Key words: tuberculosis, immune response, IFN-γ, IL-10, lung lesio
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
