94 research outputs found
Consular notification in bilateral treaties v. article 36 of Vienna Convention on consular relations in the light of ICJ judgement in the case Jadhav
No full textSprawa Jadhav jest piątym sporem w orzecznictwie MTS opartym na art. 36 Konwencji wiedeńskiej o stosunkach konsularnych z 1963 r. (po sprawach: Bread, La Grand, Avena i Diallo). Kulbhushan Sudhir Jadhav był indyjskim szpiegiem skazanym przez pakistański sąd wojskowy na karę śmierci. W 2017 roku Indie złożyły wniosek do MTS i wskazały, że Pakistan naruszył art. 36 Konwencji wiedeńskiej, nie wypełniając swojego zobowiązania wobec indyjskich urzędników konsularnych i zatrzymanego obywatela Indii, Jadhava. W sprawie tej pojawiła się jednak istotna kwestia dotycząca relacji między Konwencją wiedeńską a zasadami traktatów dwustronnych uregulowanymi w art. 73 Konwencji wiedeńskiej. Sytuacja prawna zatrzymanego i konstrukcja notyfikacji konsularnej w sprawie Jadhav była w tym przypadku odmienna od sytuacji w innych sprawach rozpatrywanych przez MTS dotyczących dostępu do konsula, w których nie było umów dwustronnych między państwami. Istnieje jednak taki traktat o dostępie do konsula podpisany w 2008 r. w Islamabadzie między Pakistanem a Indiami (UNTS nr 54471). W umowie tej strony przewidziały m.in. natychmiastowe zobowiązanie państwa przyjmującego do powiadomienia właściwego urzędu konsularnego o zatrzymaniu obywatela państwa wysyłającego. Prawo indywidualne w takim przypadku nie istnieje. Powstaje pytanie, czy MTS właściwie określił zasady prawa konsularnego, które powinny być zastosowane w sprawie Jadhav. Artykuł w sposób krytyczny analizuje ten problem. Autor w artykule wskazał na szereg błędów interpretacyjnych popełnionych przez MTS w wyroku z 17 lipca 2019 r.Jadhav Case was the fifth dispute in the ICJ judicature based on Article 36 of Vienna Convention on Consular Relations 1963 (after cases: Bread, La Grand, Avena and Diallo). Kulbhushan Sudhir Jadhav was an Indian spy convicted by the Pakistani military court for death sentence. In 2017 India submitted an application to ICJ and indicated that Pakistan had breached Article 36 of Vienna Convention by failing to fulfil its obligation versus Indian consular officers and Indian detained citizen Jadhav. There was in this case however an important question concerning relation between Vienna Convention and bilateral treaties' rules as regulated in art. 73 of Vienna Convention. The legal situation of detainee and construction of consular notification in Jadhavwas different in this case from the situations in other ICJ cases concerning consular access, where there were no bilateral agreements among states. There is however such a treaty on consular access signed in 2008 in Islamabad between Pakistan and India (UNTS No 54471). In this agreement parties provided i.a. an immediately obligation of receiving state to notify the appropriate consular post of detention of citizen of the sending state. The individual right in such case does not exist. There is a question wheatear ICJ properly identified rules of consular law, which should be applied in Jadhav Case. The paper analyses this problem in critical manner. Author in this paper pointed out several interpretative mistakes made by ICJ in Judgement from 17 July 2019
In situ phytoremediation of dyes from textile wastewater using garden ornamental plants, effect on soil quality and plant growth
No full textIn situ phytoremediation of dyes from textile wastewater was carried out in a high rate transpiration system ridges (91.4 m x 1.0 m) cultivated independently with Tagetes patula, Aster amellus, Portulaca grandiflora and Gaillardia grandiflora which reduced American Dye Manufacturers Institute color value by 59, 50, 46 and 73%, respectively within 30 d compared to dye accumulated in unplanted ridges. Significant increase in microbial count and electric conductivity of soil was observed during phytoremediation. Reduction in the contents of macro (N, P, K and C), micro (B, Cu, Fe and Mn) elements and heavy metals (Cd, As, Pb and Cr) was observed in the soil from planted ridges due to phyto-treatment. Root tissues of these plants showed significant increase in the specific activities of oxido-reductive enzymes such as lignin peroxidase, laccase, veratryl alcohol oxidase, tyrosinase and azo reductase during decolorization of textile dyes from soil. Anatomical studies of plants roots revealed the occurrence of textile dyes in tissues and subsequent degradation. A minor decrease in plant growth was also observed. Overall surveillance suggests that the use of garden ornamental plants on the ridges of constructed wetland for the treatment of dyes from wastewater along with the consortia of soil microbial flora is a wise and aesthetically pleasant strategy. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Authors are thankful to University Grants Commission, New Delhi for special assistance program (DRS-SAP II, Grant No.SR/PURSE/2010). Sanjay P. Govindwar and Vishal V. Chandanshive are thankful to DBT (Grant No. BT/PR18965/BCE/8/1401/2016 dated 15-06-2017) for providing Research grants and Senior Research Fellowship. Rahul V. Khandare would like to thank Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi for financial assistance under Interdisciplinary programs on Life Sciences for advanced. Thanks, are also due to our field assistant Mr. Subhash K. Patil for maintaining and proper monitoring of plants during the on-field studies. The officials and personnel at CETP, Kagal, India also deserves thanks for administrative and technical support during this work
In situ phytoremediation of dyes from textile wastewater using garden ornamental plants, effect on soil quality and plant growth
No full textIn situ phytoremediation of dyes from textile wastewater was carried out in a high rate transpiration system ridges (91.4 m x 1.0 m) cultivated independently with Tagetes patula, Aster amellus, Portulaca grandiflora and Gaillardia grandiflora which reduced American Dye Manufacturers Institute color value by 59, 50, 46 and 73%, respectively within 30 d compared to dye accumulated in unplanted ridges. Significant increase in microbial count and electric conductivity of soil was observed during phytoremediation. Reduction in the contents of macro (N, P, K and C), micro (B, Cu, Fe and Mn) elements and heavy metals (Cd, As, Pb and Cr) was observed in the soil from planted ridges due to phyto-treatment. Root tissues of these plants showed significant increase in the specific activities of oxido-reductive enzymes such as lignin peroxidase, laccase, veratryl alcohol oxidase, tyrosinase and azo reductase during decolorization of textile dyes from soil. Anatomical studies of plants roots revealed the occurrence of textile dyes in tissues and subsequent degradation. A minor decrease in plant growth was also observed. Overall surveillance suggests that the use of garden ornamental plants on the ridges of constructed wetland for the treatment of dyes from wastewater along with the consortia of soil microbial flora is a wise and aesthetically pleasant strategy. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Authors are thankful to University Grants Commission, New Delhi for special assistance program (DRS-SAP II, Grant No.SR/PURSE/2010). Sanjay P. Govindwar and Vishal V. Chandanshive are thankful to DBT (Grant No. BT/PR18965/BCE/8/1401/2016 dated 15-06-2017) for providing Research grants and Senior Research Fellowship. Rahul V. Khandare would like to thank Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi for financial assistance under Interdisciplinary programs on Life Sciences for advanced. Thanks, are also due to our field assistant Mr. Subhash K. Patil for maintaining and proper monitoring of plants during the on-field studies. The officials and personnel at CETP, Kagal, India also deserves thanks for administrative and technical support during this work
Revamping of Academic Libraries in Modern Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Environment.
Get PDFThis paper discusses the need for revamping the academic libraries in accordance with change in technologies, educational policies, laws related to education as well as central and state government decisions. The author suggests that the libraries are also expected to bring about a change in their policies, practices, methods, procedures and techniques related to information selection, acquisition, storage, retrieval mechanism, ways of dissemination in order to provide technology based quality services to satisfy the stakeholders
Citation analysis of literatura published in journals on personas with disabilities
Get PDFResearchers selected 25 research articles for literature review. Author wise number of citations and h-index of these 25 research articles are analyzed using the SCOPUS database. Total 8 Indian authors and 23 foreign authors are ranked as per their number of citations and h-index. First hypothesis i.e. ‘Number of citations of Indian and foreign authors are different or not equal’ is false and the second hypothesis i.e. ‘h-index of Indian and foreign authors are different or not equal, is true
Fiscal deficits and government debt in India: Implications for growth and stabilisation.
Get PDFThis paper examines the long term profile of fiscal deficit and debt relative to GDP in India, with a view to analysing debt-deficit sustainability issues along with the considerations relevant for determining suitable medium and short-term fiscal policy stance. The impact of debt and fiscal deficit on growth and interest rates that arises from their effect on saving and investment are critical in any examination of sustainability of debt and deficit. It is argued that large structural primary deficits and interest payments relative to GDP have had an adverse effect on growth in recent years. The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget management Act (FRBMA) of the central government has certain positive features. While the fiscal deficit target has been defined, it should be considered in conjunction with a target debt-GDP ratio. Further, the central FRBMA should be supplemented by state level fiscal responsibility legislations and an effective hard budget constraint on subnational borrowing. There is a clear need to bring down the combined debt-GDP ratio from its current level, which is in excess of 80 percent of GDP. The process of adjustment can be considered in two phases: adjustment phase and stabilisation phase. In the adjustment phase, fiscal deficit should be reduced in each successive year until revenue deficit, and correspondingly, government dissaving, is eliminated. In the second phase, fiscal deficit could be stabilised at 6 percent of GDP. The debt-GDP ratio would eventually stabilise at 56 percent. In this process, the ratio of interest payments to revenue receipts will fall, enabling a progressively larger amount of primary revenue expenditure to be incurred on the social sectors.Fiscal deficit ; Economic growth
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