100 research outputs found
Rise of Red Terror: The Ethics and Effectiveness of Maoist Violence in India
No full textThe University Archives has determined that this item is of continuing value to OSU's history.The media can be accessed here: http://streaming.osu.edu/knowledgebank/mershon10/043010.mp4Sangeeta Mahapatra is a Fulbright-Nehru Doctoral and Professional Research Fellow. As a visiting scholar at the Mershon Center for International Security Studies, she is currently working on a comparative study of counterterrorism strategies of India, Israel and the United States. As Mahapatra argues, the core of counterterrorism is capability. While states may set for themselves certain goals, how far they are able to deliver on them determines the strengths and weaknesses of their counterterrorism strategy. The aim of the study is to expand the scope of counterterrorism decision-making by studying how the three countries use their political, legal, civilian and economic structures to deal with an outlier event. The question is not about expending a lot of resources on a "high risk-low probability" threat but about responding to it in timely, cost-efficient and effective manner. Mahapatra is the author of Pacification of the Irreconcilable: The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (Kolkata, 2005) and Miasma: A Collection of Short Stories (Chowringhee Prakashini Press, Kolkata, 1999). She has also published various journal articles including "Economic Globalization: Understanding the Process beyond the Politics," in Globalization in India: New Frontiers, Emerging Challenges, ed. by Swapan Kumar Pramanick and Ramanuj Ganguly (Prentice Hall of India, 2009) and "Human Rights in Pakistan: A Heuristic of Hope and Despair," in Human Rights in South Asia, ed. by Joseph Benjamin (Nagpur University, 2009).Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security Studie
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Part I: Total synthesis of marine macrolide amphidinolide F and synthetic studies toward amphidinolide C; Part II: Computational study on proline sulfonamide-catalyzed aldol reaction
No full textMore than 30 members of the diverse amphidinolide family of biologically active macrolides have been isolated over last three decades. From this family, amphidinolides C and F stand among the most complex and densely functionalized affiliates. Recently, we have accomplished the first total synthesis of amphidinolide F. The all-carbon framework of amphidinolide C has been synthesized.
During endeavor toward the total syntheses of amphidinolides F / C, we have uncovered a "hidden symmetry element" present in the northern and southern domains of amphidinolides F / C. The southern C₁-C₈ and northern C₁₈-C₂₅ tetrahydrofuran segments were derived from a common intermediate. A scalable silver-catalyzed isomerization / cyclization on propargyl-benzoate / diol furnished the common intermediate in multigram quantity. The common intermediate provided access to over half of carbon backbone of the macrocycle as well as majority of stereochemistry present in amphidinolides F / C.
Two strategically different techniques have been developed for the C₉-C₁₁ diene preparation. A metal-catalyst free Weinreb amide-vinyl lithium coupling / methylenation sequence furnished the diene motif. Alternately, diastereoselective addition of a dienyl iodide derived 2-lithio-1,3-diene species to an α-oxy aldehyde installed the C₉-C₁₁ diene and secured the C₈ stereochemistry in single operation. The dienyl iodide was prepared via a regioselective hydrostannylation on an enyne.
A challenging alkylation between an α-branched sulfone and an α-silyloxy iodide generated the all-carbon frameworks of amphidinolides F / C. An efficient oxidative desulfurization incorporated the carbonyl moiety at C₁₅. The protecting group on C₁₈ alcohol was found to have significant effect on the sulfone-iodide alkylation / oxidative desulfurization sequence. Installation of chelating ethoxyethyl ether on C₁₈ alcohol helped the successful incorporation of C₁₅ ketone and solved the deprotection problem in advanced stage of synthesis.
A detailed analytical and computational study on proline sulfonamide-catalyzed aldol reactions has been performed. The pKa value of a proline sulfonamide catalyst was determined experimentally via NMR titration technique. Computational study revealed the origin of enhanced stereoselectivity by proline sulfonamide catalysts over parent proline. The non-classical hydrogen bonding interactions were found to be responsible for improved diastereoselectivity
Spinal dysraphism controversies: AIIMS experiences and contribution
No full textA large series of split cord malformation (SCM). Over the last 22 years, we have operated more than 1500 patients of SD, of which over 450 are (SCM), and 300 are with various lipomatus malformations. About 55% type II and 45% type I SCM. A separate sub-classification of type I SCM (a,b,c and d), is presented which alter the surgical approach and influence the results. Overall improvement following surgery in patients with SCM was observed in 94%. Fifty percent patients improved and 44% remained stable. However, deterioration was noticed in 6%, mostly with composite type of SCM. A paradigm for management of SCM is provided taking into consideration also the author′s large experience
Cover Picture: Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Amphidinolide F (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 32/2012)
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Economic Benefits of NPK and Organic Amendments on Green Gram Yield
No full textThe research study titled Economic benefits of application of NPK, fermented organic manures and mycorrhiza on yield and production of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) Var. PDM-139." was conducted during the Zaid season of 2023 at the Central Research Farm, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The experimental layout followed a 3x3 Randomized Block Design (RBD), incorporating three levels of fermented organic manure (0%, 50%, and 100%), Mycorrhiza (0%, 50%, and 100%), and N, P, K at the Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF). The variety chosen was PDM-139, which was released by the State Variety Release Committee (SVRC) of Uttar Pradesh in 1974. The recorded average yield ranged from 6 to 9 quintals per hectare. The response of total seed yield of green gram recorded as influenced by different levels NPK, fermented organic manure and mycorrhizal inoculation. The seed yield of green gram was found to be increased significantly with the increase in levels of NPK, fermented organic manure and mycorrhizal inoculation. The maximum seed yield was recorded as 16.42 (q ha-1) T9 (NPK@RDF + M2@ 10Kg ha-1 50% + F2@ 50 l ha-1 50%) which was higher than any other treatment combination and the minimum seed yield was recorded as 8.76 (q ha-1) in T1 (control). However, as for the economy of different treatments is concerned, the treatment T9 (NPK@RDF + M2@ 10Kg ha-1 50% + F2@ 50 l ha-1 100%) provide highest net profit of ₹ 68139.13 ha-1 with highest cost benefit ratio is 1:1.605
Palladium‐Catalyzed CH Activation of N‐Allyl Imines: Regioselective Allylic Alkylations to Deliver Substituted Aza‐1,3‐Dienes
No full textChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Activation of N‐Allyl Imines: Regioselective Allylic Alkylations to Deliver Substituted Aza‐1,3‐Dienes.
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