1,720,995 research outputs found
Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Engineering—Modeling Illicit Drug Biomarker Fate in Sewer Systems as a Means To Back-Calculate Urban Chemical Consumption Rates
No full textIn this chapter, we present the Activated Sludge Model for Xenobiotics (ASM-X), which offers the largest systematic and consistent database to predict illicit drug and pharmaceutical biomarker fate in wastewater conveyed in sewer pipes. ASM-X was originally developed for predicting the removal of trace organic pharmaceutical chemical pollutants (micropollutants), notably antibiotics in biological wastewater treatment. Here, we present the identification of simulation models in the ASM-X framework for illicit biomarker transformation, physicochemical partitioning onto particulate matter, and diffusive transport in biofilms. Model parameters were estimated using experimental data obtained with in-sewer biocatalytic environments represented by suspended solids and biofilm. A systematic methodology for inferring reliable estimates of unique parameter sets in tandem with chemical transformation pathways was developed using Bayesian optimization. This is a method that can be generalized to any other chemodynamics problems focusing on quantifying chemical biotransformation using external prior metabolic information. The method developed can offer a platform to promote a more effective interaction between analytical chemists and modelers to develop smart experimental designs conducive to effective model development. Additionally, the identification method developed can be used in conjunction with optimal experimental designs to effectively identify model structures and parameters
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
High-throughput analysis of emerging and historical pollutants in biological matrices.
No full textThe Deepwater Horizon Gulf Spill highlighted key deficiencies associated with our ability to analyze contaminants in biological tissue in a timely manner. These deficiencies in laboratory capacity and preparedness demonstrated a critical need to develop and validate high-throughput analytical methods capable of rapid and accurate quantification of organic pollutants in biological tissue from aquatic environments. High-throughput methods offer distinct advantages over historical methods, namely a reduction in the intrinsic costs associated with the sample preparation: time, solvents, labor, laboratory space, training, and potential loss of analytes. Sample preparation steps for the analysis of organic pollutants represent ~2/3 of the analytical cost, and are often the logistical bottleneck for laboratory capacity and preparedness. An enhanced pressurized liquid extraction (ePLE) method was developed for simultaneous analysis of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in fish tissue and was utilized in a nationwide PPCP study conducted in Germany. The developed high-throughput method incorporated silica gel cleanup with PLE and improved the method sensitivity by optimizing resonant collision induced dissociation energy through ion-trap mass analyzer. The nationwide PPCP study found that the proximity of sampling locations to the upstream wastewater treatment plant discharging point and mean annual flow at the sampling locations were found to significantly powerful predictor of galaxolide and tonalide fish tissue concentrations (galaxolide: r2 = 0.79, p = 0.021 and tonalide: r2 = 0.81, p = 0.037) in Germany. Galaxolide and tonalide, both polycyclic musk fragrance materials, in German fish tissues were ~19 and ~28× lower, respectively, as compared to similar nationwide PPCP study in the United States. Similarly, a high-throughput ePLE method was developed for polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyls (dl-PCBs) by incorporating pressurized liquid extraction and multiple cleanup techniques. Sample preparation time and solvents were reduced as much as 95% and 65%, respectively, as compared to a conventional USEPA Method 1613. ePLE extracts were sufficiently clean for high resolution mass spectrometry analysis of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in fish tissues from San Jacinto River Waste Pits, a Superfund site in Houston, TX
High-throughput analysis of emerging and historical pollutants in biological matrices.
No full textThe Deepwater Horizon Gulf Spill highlighted key deficiencies associated with our ability to analyze contaminants in biological tissue in a timely manner. These deficiencies in laboratory capacity and preparedness demonstrated a critical need to develop and validate high-throughput analytical methods capable of rapid and accurate quantification of organic pollutants in biological tissue from aquatic environments. High-throughput methods offer distinct advantages over historical methods, namely a reduction in the intrinsic costs associated with the sample preparation: time, solvents, labor, laboratory space, training, and potential loss of analytes. Sample preparation steps for the analysis of organic pollutants represent ~2/3 of the analytical cost, and are often the logistical bottleneck for laboratory capacity and preparedness.
An enhanced pressurized liquid extraction (ePLE) method was developed for simultaneous analysis of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in fish tissue and was utilized in a nationwide PPCP study conducted in Germany. The developed high-throughput method incorporated silica gel cleanup with PLE and improved the method sensitivity by optimizing resonant collision induced dissociation energy through ion-trap mass analyzer. The nationwide PPCP study found that the proximity of sampling locations to the upstream wastewater treatment plant discharging point and mean annual flow at the sampling locations were found to significantly powerful predictor of galaxolide and tonalide fish tissue concentrations (galaxolide: r2 = 0.79, p = 0.021 and tonalide: r2 = 0.81, p = 0.037) in Germany. Galaxolide and tonalide, both polycyclic musk fragrance materials, in German fish tissues were ~19 and ~28× lower, respectively, as compared to similar nationwide PPCP study in the United States.
Similarly, a high-throughput ePLE method was developed for polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyls (dl-PCBs) by incorporating pressurized liquid extraction and multiple cleanup techniques. Sample preparation time and solvents were reduced as much as 95% and 65%, respectively, as compared to a conventional USEPA Method 1613. ePLE extracts were sufficiently clean for high resolution mass spectrometry analysis of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in fish tissues from San Jacinto River Waste Pits, a Superfund site in Houston, TX.Ph.D
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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