1,720,957 research outputs found
Comparative Prevalence of Intestinal Helminths in Satar and Chaudhary Communities of Birtamode Municipality, Jhapa, Nepal
No full textAbstract: Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infections remain a major public health problem in many parts of the world, particularly in low and middle-income countries like Nepal. Materials and Methods: The different ethnic groups are geographically, socio-economically, culturally, and genetically diverse and their heterogeneity needs explanation to understand the variation in the prevalence of IPIs among them. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of intestinal helminths in Satar and Chaudhary communities of Birtamode Municipality and to identify the risk factors associated with either of them. A total of 220 stool samples, 110 from each community were collected and examined by unstained and stained smear preparation, floatation, and sedimentation technique. A set of questions regarding the risk factors of parasitosis was filled by interviewing each respondent. R-version 1.1.463 was used to perform the chi-square test for statistical analysis of data, and 95% confidence interval and P<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence of infection was found 28.63%. A significant difference was seen in the prevalence of parasites between Satar and Chaudhary communities (p<0.05). The age-wise prevalence revealed a high rate of infection among children, followed by old age and adults, while sex-wise prevalence showed marginally higher infection in males in both communities. Altogether six types of parasites were encountered; A. lumbricoides (13.18%) was the most prevalent parasite. In risk factor analysis, significant associations were seen between parasitic infections and handwashing habits, use of handwashing agent, defecation site preference, and barefoot walking habit in the Satarcommunity. Similarly, a significant association of parasitic infection with handwashing habits and barefoot walking habits were seen in the Chaudhary community. Conclusion: Hence, a remarkable prevalence of parasitic infection was indicated by the present study. Improvements in personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, provision of sanitary toilets, provision of awareness programs, and preventive measure implementation are important to overcome the parasitic infection in these communities
Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Pregnant Women: A Public Health Concern
No full textAbstract: Background: Intestinal parasitic infections affect pregnant women all over the world. The infection has been linked to the development of life-threatening conditions in both pregnant women and their developing fetus.
Objective: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, intensity of infection and associated risk factor among pregnant women of five different wards of Hetauda sub-metropolitan city, Makawanpur, Bagmati province, Nepal.
Materials and Methods: A cross- sectional study was carried out among (100) conveniently sampled pregnant women receiving antenatal care services at Rural Urban health care center of Two, four, five, ten and 11 numbers wards of Hetauda in between July to December of 2023 after obtaining approval from the Ethical committee of the Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal (IRB approval no. 23-0067). Structured questionnaires were administered to study participants to assess socio-demographic and other possible factors. Stool samples were collected from each pregnant woman and examined for the presence of intestinal parasites by microscopy using direct wet mount, flotation as well as formal-ether sedimentation techniques.
Result: The study revealed that of the 100 samples examined, 19 samples (19%) were found to be positive for gastrointestinal parasites. Parasites covering five genera. Ascaris lumbricoides (8%) was most predominant followed by Entamoeba histolytica (4%), Strongyloides stercoralis (3%), Trichuris trichiura (2%) and Hymenolepis nana (2%). Parasites are more observed amongst poorer population, independent of their age. Chi-square test conclude that there is association between parasites and financial situation (P= 0.0084).
Conclusion: Screening of the women for intestinal parasites and provision of health education during their ANC (Antenatal care) visit to prevent the adverse effects on maternal and fetal health from these infections
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites among Public and Private School Children below 10 years’ at Tarakeswor-10 Manamaiju, Kathmandu, Nepal
No full textAbstract: Introduction: Intestinal parasitosis is one of the chief causes of public health problems particularly in developing countries. Subject and Methods: Among the various health problems amoebiasis and helminthic infection are still significant among the school pupil in context of Nepal. In this article, we reported the status of intestinal parasitosis among the school pupil in this area. Present study was aimed in finding out the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in public and private school pupil below 10 years at Tarakeswor-10 (Kathmandu Valley). A total of 160 (80 from public and 80 from private school) stool samples collected in clean, dry and screw capped plastic container were studied for the presence of parasites using direct smear method as well as by concentration method. Results: Overall parasite positive rate was 40% (64/160). Positive rate was considerably higher in public school children (47.5%; 38/80) compared with private school (32.5%; 26/80) (P < 0.05). No significant difference in positive rate among boys (53.13% ; 34/64) and girls (46.87%; 30/64) was observed (P > 0.05). However, boys in private school had higher positive rate (boys: 57.69%; girls 42.30%; P < 0.05). Total six genuses of parasites were identified. Of them, Ascaris lumbricoides was most common followed by Trichuris trichiura, Hookworms, Taenia sp., Entamoeba coli and Enterobius vermicularis.Conclusion: Parasites positive rate were higher in children who were drinking untreated water. Children had higher positive rate that were from families without toilet
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and Associated Risk Factors in Chepang Community of Saktikhor Area, Chitwan, Nepal
No full textAbstract: Objective: Pathogenic species of protozoa and helminth cause intestinal parasitosis, which continues to be a significant community well-being issue in many regions of the world, especially in pastoral regions of developing countries like Nepal. The study focused on determining the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and the associated risk factors among the people of the Chepang community of the Saktikhor area in the Chitwan district.Materials and Methods: A transversal study was conducted between May 2017 and October 2017, with a total of 125 participants. The fecal samples were examined using a wet media (saline media, iodine preparation), concentration and sucrose flotation method. The association between risk factors and parasitic prevalence was evaluated using the Pearson’s chi-square test.Results: The general prevalence of intestinal parasite infection was 52%. Infections with soil-borne helminth were more common than those with cestodes and protozoa. Common intestinal parasites included Ascaris lumbricoides (69.23%), Trichuris trichiura (9.23%), Hookworm (7.69%), Strongyloides stercoralis (4.62%), Hymenolepis nana (6.15%), Taenia sp. (6.15%), and Entamoeba coli (9.23%). High prevalence of infection was observed among male (53.96% ) participants and those aged over 20 years (69.44%). Pearson's chi-square test revealed a substantial relationship between prevalence of parasite and age group (P=0.0452), hand washing material (P<0.001) and preference for defecation site (P<0.001).Conclusion: Hence, a heavy occurrence of intestinal parasites within the Chepang community is particularly evident. There is a need for increased emphasis on intrusion, which can be achieved by improving personal hygiene and sanitation of participants and constructing proper sanitary toilets to prevent the spread of parasitic infections.Keywords: , , , , , ,
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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