8 research outputs found
Thermodynamic Modeling for Liquid-Liquid Extraction of PEG-MgS04 system in MATLAB
No full textThis project focuses on the application of protein extraction in aqueous salt system. The
objective is to simulate a system which contains polymer and salt which will
subsequently be used to extract protein. This system is called as Aqueous Two-Phase
Extraction System (ATPES). ATPES is a liquid-liquid extraction system where the
extraction takes place when it reaches liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE). This system
consists of water, polymer and salt. Both polymer and aqueous is allowed to attain
equilibrium where it forms two clear phase. The formation of two phase depends on
parameters such as pH value of system, temperature and concentration level. The model
used in this thermodynamic approach is Flory-Huggins model [1,2]. Flory-Huggins
model is a mathematical model of the thermodynamics of polymer solutions which
takes account of the great dissimilarity in molecular sizes in adapting the usual
expression for the entropy of mixing [1,2]. This project is a simulation-based project
using MATLAB. This software enables the author to find possible combination of
ATPES and to optimize protein recovery. First of all, the author needs to learn and
master using MATLAB software. Then some literature reviews need to be performed to
select the right ATPES. At the end of the project the results of this project will be
compared with experimental result which will be obtained through literature review
Exploring the efficacy of isometric strength exercises in knee rehabilitation among football players
No full textBackground and study aim: Isometric strength exercises engage the intricate knee joint, including the femur, tibia, and patella, along with multiple muscles and ligaments, aiding in the rehabilitation of knee injuries while supporting movement and injury prevention. The specific objective of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of isometric strength exercises in rehabilitating the knee injuries among football players, assessing their impact on recovery and performance.
Material and methods: Thirty male ACL Knee injured football players were randomly assigned to isometric strength exercise group (ISEG) (N=15) (Age; 20±1.9, Height;171±4.5, Weight; 60±6.0) and control group (Age;21±1.3, Height;173±4.4, Weight; 63±8.2) and their age ranged between 18 and 23. Subjects were randomly selected from various football academies in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Thirty subjects who will diagnosed by a physiotherapist and help of orthopaedician as having knee injuries in football players and who showed a typical restriction of Range of motion (ROM). Fifteen subjects underwent rehabilitation (Isometric Strength exercise Group) and the other 15 underwent cryotreatment (Control Group). Analysis was based on the active and passive flexion Range of motion (ROM) were measured by kinovea-0.9.5 software. Means and standard deviations (±) described all data, with Shapiro-Wilk tests checking for normality (p< 0.05). A dependent 't' test determined significant mean differences between experimental and control groups (p < 0.05).
Results: The participants who underwent a regimen of Isometric strengthening exercises exhibited notable enhancements in their range of motion (ROM), highlighting the effectiveness of this comprehensive approach significantly improved in active and passive flexion Range of motion (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Isometric strength exercises demonstrate promise in enhancing knee rehabilitation outcomes among football players, warranting further exploration and implementation compared to control group
Investigating the Effectiveness of Six-Week Plyometric Training Intervention on Speed-Strength Fitness Abilities of Male Team Handball Players
No full textBackground and study aim: Plyometric training is widely acknowledged as an effective option for athletes to attain improved physical performance. A variety of exercises involving the lower limb's stretch-shortening cycle can be used for plyometric training. Numerous studies have examined the impact of plyometric training on various outcomes in various populations over the past few decades.
Objective: This study set out to ascertain how a six-week plyometric training programme affected the development of speed-strength fitness measurements in male team handball athletes.
Material and methods: Total of thirty intercollegiate level team handball athletes were randomly assigned to 2 groups i.e. plyometric training group with an average age of 20.7 ± 0.7 years, height of 175.3 ±4.2, weight of 75.1 ± 4.1 and BMI of 24.43 ± 0.97; control group with an average age of 20.8 ± 0.7, height of 175.1 ± 4., weight of 74.9 ± 3.1 and BMI of 24.47 ± 1.37. The linear sprint (10 m and 30 m), standing long jump (SLJ), and change of direction sprint (CODS) were evaluated before and after the intervention for thirty male team handball athletes who were randomly assigned to either the plyometric training group (PTG) (n = 15) or the control group (CG) (n = 15).
Results: Within group changes were analyzed using paired t-test. The significant differences obtained between the tests in all dependent variables.
Conclusion: When it comes to linear sprints, standing long jumps, and change of direction sprints, plyometric training works better than CG. Consequently, adding either plyometric training or sport-specific training to an athlete's regimen may help male team handball players achieve greater speed-strength fitness
Вплив шеститижневого курсу практики сур’я-намаскара на розвиток гнучкості спини та згинання поперекового відділу хребта у студентів коледжу чоловічої статі
No full textStudy purpose. The strenuous Surya Namaskar exercise programme has gained considerable popularity among contemporary yoga practitioners. Its special combination of yogic breathing techniques, asanas (postures) and dharana (focused mind concentration) helps to improve flexibility. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an original six-week course of Surya Namaskar on back flexibility and lumbar flexion in male college students.
Materials and methods. Thirty male college students aged between eighteen and twenty years were randomly assigned to treatment group (Surya Namaskar practice) (n=15) and control group (n=15). The treatment group performed Surya Namaskar practice for six weeks, while the control group did not participate in any treatment other than their regular activities for six weeks. Back flexibility and lumbar flexion of the subjects were assessed at the baseline and after six weeks.
Results. Back flexibility and lumbar flexion increased in the treatment group after six weeks of Surya Namaskar practice.
Conclusions. The current Surya Namaskar procedure contributes to the kinanthropometric well-being of male college students in terms of back flexibility and lumbar flexion. Surya Namaskar should be included in school and college curriculum because of its numerous physical and physiological benefits.Мета дослідження. Інтенсивна програма комплексу вправ сур’я-намаскара набула значної популярності серед сучасних практиків йоги. Особливе поєднання методик йогівського дихання, асан (поз) і дхарани (сфокусованої концентрації свідомості) сприяє покращенню показників гнучкості. Метою цього дослідження було вивчити ефективність оригінального шеститижневого курсу cур’я-намаскара на розвиток гнучкості спини та згинання поперекового відділу хребта у студентів коледжу чоловічої статі.
Матеріали та методи. Тридцять студентів коледжу чоловічої статі віком від вісімнадцяти до двадцяти років були рандомізовані до основної групи (практика сур'я-намаскара) (n=15) і контрольної групи (n=15). Основна група виконувала комплекс вправ сур’я- намаскара протягом шести тижнів, тоді як контрольна група не брала участі в жодному курсі тренувань, окрім своїх звичайних видів активності протягом шести тижнів. Гнучкість спини та згинання поперекового відділу хребта у досліджуваних осіб оцінювали на початковому етапі та через шість тижнів.
Результати. Зростання показників гнучкості спини та згинання поперекового відділу хребта спостерігалося в основній групі дослідження після проведення шести тижнів практики сур’я-намаскара.
Висновки. Сучасна процедура комплексу вправ сур’я-намаскара сприяє покращенню стану кінантропометричних показників у студентів коледжу чоловічої статі з точки зору гнучкості спини та згинання поперекового відділу хребта. Завдяки численним фізичним і фізіологічним перевагам, сур’я-намаскара має бути включена до навчальної програми шкіл та коледжів
Evolution of Telomerase RNA
No full textabstract: The highly specialized telomerase ribonucleoprotein enzyme is composed minimally of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase RNA (TR) for catalytic activity. Telomerase is an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase that syntheizes DNA repeats at chromosome ends to maintain genome stability. While TERT is highly conserved among various groups of species, the TR subunit exhibits remarkable divergence in primary sequence, length, secondary structure and biogenesis, making TR identification extremely challenging even among closely related groups of organisms.
A unique computational approach combined with in vitro telomerase activity reconstitution studies was used to identify 83 novel TRs from 10 animal kingdom phyla spanning 18 diverse classes from the most basal sponges to the late evolving vertebrates. This revealed that three structural domains, pseudoknot, a distal stem-loop moiety and box H/ACA, are conserved within TRs from basal groups to vertebrates, while group-specific elements emerge or disappear during animal TR evolution along different lineages.
Next the corn-smut fungus Ustilago maydis TR was identified using an RNA-immunoprecipitation and next-generation sequencing approach followed by computational identification of TRs from 19 additional class Ustilaginomycetes fungi, leveraging conserved gene synteny among TR genes. Phylogenetic comparative analysis, in vitro telomerase activity and TR mutagenesis studies reveal a secondary structure of TRs from higher fungi, which is also conserved with vertebrates and filamentous fungi, providing a crucial link in TR evolution within the opisthokonta super-kingdom.
Lastly, work by collabarotors from Texas A&M university and others identified the first bona fide TR from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Computational analysis was performed to identify 85 novel AtTR orthologs from three major plant clades: angiosperms, gymnosperms and lycophytes, which facilitated phylogenetic comparative analysis to infer the first plant TR secondary structural model. This model was confirmed using site-specific mutagenesis and telomerase activity assays of in vitro reconstituted enzyme. The structures of plant TRs are conserved across land plants providing an evolutionary bridge that unites the disparate structures of previously characterized TRs from ciliates and vertebrates.Dissertation/ThesisDoctoral Dissertation Biochemistry 201
Telomere biology and telomerase mutations in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
No full textabstract: Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences at linear chromosome termini, protecting chromosomes against end-to-end fusion and damage, providing chromosomal stability. Telomeres shorten with mitotic cellular division, but are maintained in cells with high proliferative capacity by telomerase. Loss-of-function mutations in telomere-maintenance genes are genetic risk factors for cirrhosis development in humans and murine models. Telomerase deficiency provokes accelerated telomere shortening and dysfunction, facilitating genomic instability and oncogenesis. Here we examined whether telomerase mutations and telomere shortening were associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) secondary to cirrhosis. Telomere length of peripheral blood leukocytes was measured by Southern blot and qPCR in 120 patients with HCC associated with cirrhosis and 261 healthy subjects. HCC patients were screened for telomerase gene variants (in TERT and TERC) by Sanger sequencing. Age-adjusted telomere length was comparable between HCC patients and healthy subjects by both Southern blot and qPCR. Four non-synonymous TERT heterozygous variants were identified in four unrelated patients, resulting in a significantly higher mutation carrier frequency (3.3%) in patients as compared to controls (p = 0.02). Three of the four variants (T726M, A1062T, and V1090M) were previously observed in patients with other telomere diseases (severe aplastic anemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and cirrhosis). A novel TERT variant, A243V, was identified in a 65-year-old male with advanced HCC and cirrhosis secondary to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and alcohol ingestion, but direct assay measurements in vitro did not detect modulation of telomerase enzymatic activity or processivity. In summary, constitutional variants resulting in amino acid changes in the telomerase reverse transcriptase were found in a small proportion of patients with cirrhosis-associated HCC.The article is published at http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.018328
Design of a strategy to obtain safe paths from collaborative robot teamwork
No full textDocumento en PDF a color.figuras, tablasThis doctoral thesis was designed and implemented using a strategy of explorer agents and a management and monitoring system to obtain the shortest and safest paths. The strategy was simulated using Matlab R2016 in 10 test environments. The comparisons were made between the results obtained by considering each robot's work and contrasting it with the results obtained by implementing the cooperative-collaborative strategy. For this purpose, were used two path planning algorithms, they are the A* and the Greedy Best First Search (GBFS). Some changes were made to these classic algorithms to improve their performance to guarantee interactions and comparisons between them, transforming them into Incremental Heuristic (IH) algorithms, which gave rise to a couple of agents with new path planners called IH-A* and IH-GBFS. The cooperative strategy was implemented with IH-A* and IH-GBFS algorithms to obtain the shortest paths. The cooperative process was used 300 times in 100 complete tests (3 times in 10 tests in each of 10 environments), which allowed determining that the strategy decreased the original path (without cooperation) in 79% of the cases. In 20.50% of cases, the author identified that the cooperative process, reduced to less than half the original path. The collaborative strategy was implemented to obtain the safer path, using a communications system that allows the interaction among the explorer agents, the test environment, and the management and monitoring system to generate early warnings and compare the risk between paths. In this work, the risk is due to hidden marks found by the explorer agents; for this reason, it is implemented a potential risk function that allows obtaining the path risk estimated. The path risk estimated metric is the one that facilitates the evaluation and comparison of risk between paths to find safer paths. The AWMRs operates using a kinematic model, a controller, a path planner, and sensors that allow them to navigate through the environment gently and safely. Simultaneously with the explorer agents, the administration and monitoring system as a user interface that facilitates the presentation and consolidation of results were implemented. Subsequently, 16 tests were carried out, implementing the complete cooperative-collaborative strategy in four different environments, which had hidden marks. When analyzing the results, it was determined that the Shortest Safest Estimated Path was found in 62.5% of the tests. A WMR and a square test stage were built. In the test scenario, 240 path tracking tests were carried out (the WMR travelled 24 different paths; the WMR travelled each path ten times). The path data were obtained using odometry with encoders onboard the robot and image processing through an external camera. The author apply a tracking error analysis on the WMR path, travelling a circumference of 3.64 m in length. When comparing the path obtained with the WMR kinematic model with the data obtained using image processing, a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 2,807% was obtained; and with the odometry data, the MAPE was 1,224%. As a general conclusion, this study has numerically identified the relevance of the implementation of the cooperative-collaborative strategy in robotic teamwork to find shortest and safest paths, a strategy applied in test environments that have obstacles and hidden marks. The cooperative-collaborative strategy can be used in different applications that involve displacement in a dangerous place or environment, such as a minefield or a region at risk of spreading COVID-19 (Texto tomado de la fuente).Esta tesis doctoral fue diseñada e implementada utilizando una estrategia de agentes exploradores y un sistema de gestión y seguimiento para obtener caminos más cortos y seguros. La estrategia se simuló utilizando Matlab R2016 en 10 entornos de prueba. Las comparaciones se realizaron entre los resultados obtenidos al considerar el trabajo realizado por cada robot y contrastarlo con los resultados obtenidos al implementar la estrategia cooperativa-colaborativa. Para ello, se utilizaron dos algoritmos de planificación de rutas, que son el A* y el Greedy Best First Search (GBFS). Se realizaron algunos cambios a estos algoritmos clásicos para mejorar su rendimiento para garantizar interacciones y comparaciones entre ellos, transformándolos en algoritmos Heurísticos Incrementales (IH), lo que dio lugar a un par de agentes con nuevos planificadores de rutas denominados IH-A * e IH- GBFS. La estrategia cooperativa se implementó con algoritmos IH-A * e IH-GBFS para obtener los caminos más cortos. El proceso cooperativo se utilizó 300 veces en 100 pruebas completas (3 veces en 10 pruebas en cada uno de los 10 entornos), lo que permitió determinar que la estrategia disminuyó la trayectoria original (sin cooperación) en el 79% de los casos. En el 20,50% de los casos, el autor identificó que el proceso cooperativo, redujo la distancia entre inicio y meta a menos de la mitad del recorrido original. La estrategia colaborativa se implementó para obtener el camino más seguro, utilizando un sistema de comunicaciones que permite la interacción entre los agentes exploradores, el entorno de prueba y el sistema de gestión y monitoreo para generar alertas tempranas y comparar el riesgo entre caminos. En este trabajo, el riesgo se debe a las marcas ocultas encontradas por los agentes exploradores; por ello, se implementa una función de riesgo potencial que permite obtener el riesgo de ruta estimado. La métrica estimada de riesgo de ruta es la que facilita la evaluación y comparación de riesgo entre rutas para encontrar rutas más seguras. Los robots autónomos móviles con ruedas (en inglés AWMR) operan utilizando un modelo cinemático, un controlador, un planificador de rutas y sensores que les permiten navegar por el entorno de manera suave y segura. Simultáneamente con los agentes exploradores, el autor implementó un sistema de administración y monitoreo como interfaz de usuario que facilita la presentación y consolidación de resultados. Posteriormente, se realizaron 16 pruebas, implementando la estrategia cooperativa-colaborativa completa en cuatro entornos diferentes, que tenían marcas ocultas. Al analizar los resultados, se determinó que una ruta estimada más corta y más segura se obtenía en el 62.5% de las pruebas. Se construyeron un WMR y un escenario de prueba cuadrado. En el escenario de prueba, se llevaron a cabo 240 pruebas de seguimiento de ruta (el WMR recorrió 24 rutas diferentes; el WMR recorrió cada ruta diez veces). Los datos de la trayectoria se obtuvieron utilizando odometría con encoders a bordo del robot y procesamiento de imágenes a través de una cámara externa. El autor aplica un análisis de error de seguimiento en la ruta recorrida por el WMR, generando una circunferencia de 3,64 m de longitud. Al comparar la ruta obtenida con el modelo cinemático del WMR con los datos obtenidos usando el procesamiento de imágenesse obtuvo un error de porcentaje absoluto medio (MAPE) de 2.807%; y con los datos de odometría, el MAPE fue de 1,224%. Como conclusión general, este estudio ha identificado numéricamente la relevancia de la implementación de la estrategia cooperativa-colaborativa en el trabajo en equipo robótico para encontrar caminos más cortos y seguros, estrategia aplicada en entornos de prueba que poseen obstáculos y marcas ocultas. La estrategia cooperativa-colaborativa puede ser utilizada en diferentes aplicaciones que involucran el desplazamiento en un lugar o entorno peligroso, como pueden ser un campo minado o una región en riesgo de propagación de COVID-19.DoctoradoDoctor en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Automátic
Cardiopatías congénitas y su relación con los trastornos del neurodesarrollo en población infantil: revisión sistemática de literatura /
No full textEste artículo presenta resultados de una revisión sistemática orientada a indagar la relación entre la presencia de cardiopatías congénitas y los trastornos del neurodesarrollo en la población infantil. La unidad muestral estuvo compuesta por 36 investigaciones, identificadas en las bases de datos PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science y Refseek, en la ventana de observación de los últimos cinco años (2019 - 2022), de publicaciones en español, inglés y portugués. El procesamiento de los datos es realizado mediante metodología PRISMA. Los resultados indican que las alteraciones del desarrollo neurológico están relacionadas con fenómenos biológicos, como anomalías de tipo genético (malformaciones), las dificultades cardíacas, el déficit de oxigenación en el cerebro en la gestación por detenciones en el aspecto cardiopulmonar, afectando las capacidades de aprendizaje y un desenvolvimiento óptimo familiar y social a lo largo de la vida. Se requiere un seguimiento y atención personalizada en cada caso particular, combinanado los tratamientos médicos con atención psicosocial y estrategias educativas adecuadas para minimizar las consecuencia adversas de las afecciones cardíacas.Deporte, actividad física y salud.Desarrollo cognitivo, salud mental y neuropsicología.Gestión ciudadana y del estado en el desarrollo organizacional, social y comunitario.Vulnerabilidad social y grupos poblacionales
