22 research outputs found
Unlocking the potential of antimicrobial peptides: Beta-defensins and the future of cancer diagnostics
No full textOral cancer is a significant public health concern globally, with India reporting a high incidence rate. Genetic factors related to immunity, taste perception, and tooth mineralization are being increasingly studied in the context of dental caries. Beta-defensins, a group of antimicrobial peptides crucial for innate immunity, have been linked to oral cancer development. Studies have shown dysregulation of beta-defensins, particularly hBD-3, may contribute to oral squamous cell carcinoma progression via modulation of inflammation and immune responses. The Beta-defensin index (BDI), which measures hBD-3 and hBD-2 ratios, shows promise as a non-invasive test for early oral cancer detection. Clinical applications include guiding biopsy decisions and prognostication. Further research on beta defensins’ mechanisms and broader oncological implications is crucial for innovative therapeutic strategies
Association of tumor necrosis factor-α (rs1800629) with RA patients and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (rs1805034) gene polymorphism with rheumatoid arthritis with osteoporosis susceptibility: a systemic review and meta-analysis
No full textAbstract Aim This meta-analysis examined the TNF-α gene polymorphism (rs1800629) in relation to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the RANK gene polymorphism (rs1805034) as a risk factor for osteoporosis in RA patients. Results A systematic search was conducted using Science Direct, Embase, and PubMed/MEDLINE databases to identify case–control studies. Data were analyzed using MetaGenyo, assessing four genetic models (allelic, dominant, recessive, and over-dominant). Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also evaluated. The study was registered in PROSPERO (ID: 549,654). Our meta-analysis revealed a significant association between TNF-α gene with RA under allelic, recessive, and over-dominant models, and our analysis found statistically significant associations (P > 0.05). No significant association (P < 0.05) was found in the dominant model. The subgroup analysis was done based on ethnicity in which allele, recessive, and over-dominant models were associated with the risk of RA. The association of RANK (rs1805034) gene polymorphisms and osteoporosis in RA patients was assessed. The result of the study is that the over-dominant model showed significant association compared with other genetic models. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis revealed that the over-dominant model shows a significant association with RANK (rs1805034) gene polymorphisms and osteoporosis in RA patients. Conclusion According to data retrieved from the database for the current study, TNF-α gene polymorphism (rs1800629) for allelic, recessive, and over-dominant models has been associated with rheumatoid arthritis. The RANK rs1805034 variant exhibits an association with an increased risk of osteoporosis with RA patients in the over-dominant model. Multicentre studies are needed to validate the influence of RA and osteoporosis susceptibility. Trial registration PROSPERO 549654
The Role of Hypoxia-Associated Genes in the Pathogenesis of Various Diseases and Therapeutic Targets: A Comprehensive Review
No full textHypoxia, characterized by low oxygen levels, induces a complex cellular response mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and involves modulation of various signaling pathways and gene expression patterns. This review delves into the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia, emphasizing hypoxia-associated genes and their implications in different diseases. Key findings include the pivotal role of HIF proteins in arranging cellular adaptation to low-oxygen environments, the involvement of chromatin modifications in hypoxia response, and the identification of hypoxia-associated genes such as NF-KB, HIF1α, HK, PFKL, and PIM1. These genes play crucial roles in cancer progression, cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary hypertension, Alzheimer\u27s disease, and liver diseases. Understanding the functions of these genes is essential for developing targeted therapeutic strategies. Targeting hypoxia-related pathways and genes holds promise for novel treatment options and may provide insights into disease mechanisms and potential biomarkers for prognosis and diagnosis. Further research is warranted to elucidate hypoxia-associated genes’ intricate interactions and regulatory networks in disease progression and treatment resistance
The X-ray repair cross-completing gene 1 (XRCC1) polymorphisms and lung cancer incidence – a confirmatory umbrella review of observational evidence
No full textIntroduction and aim. Lung cancer (LC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with X-ray repair cross-comple menting gene 1 (XRCC1) playing a crucial role in DNA repair and influencing LC risk through genetic mutations. Despite nu merous meta-analyses, results have been inconsistent. This study systematically evaluated existing meta-analyses to clarify the association between XRCC1 gene variations and LC.
Material and methods. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Co chrane databases. The present Umbrella review followed PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. The AMSTAR tool assessed the meth odological quality of the included studies.
Analysis of the literature. A total of 28 data sets were analyzed: 9 for the rs25487 (codon 399), 11 for the rs1799782 (codon 194), and 8 for the rs25489 (codon 280) polymorphisms. Significant associations were found with odds ratios ranging from 0.93 to 1.92 (p<0.05) in 16 data sets. XRCC1 rs25487/codon 399 and rs1799782/codon 194 were strongly linked to LC risk, while rs25489 (codon 280) was not. Twelve datasets showed significant heterogeneity, and publication bias was not detected in 24 datasets. Most meta-analyses demonstrated high methodological quality.
Conclusion. These findings suggest that XRCC1 (rs25487/codon 399 and rs1799782/codon 194) gene polymorphisms have the potential to serve as biomarkers for the early identification and management of LC risk
Diabetic Wound Healing: Interplay of Genetic Predisposition, Environmental Exposures, Lifestyle Choices, and Ethnicity in Therapeutic management
No full textDiabetic wound healing is a complex process influenced by various factors including genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, lifestyle choices, and ethnicity. This review explores the intricate interplay of these elements in the treatment of diabetic wounds. Genetic predispositions, such as variations in genes involved in inflammation and angiogenesis, can significantly impact an individual\u27s susceptibility to diabetic wound complications. Environmental exposures, including pollutants and microbial pathogens, further exacerbate wound healing challenges in diabetic patients. Lifestyle choices such as diet, exercise, and smoking habits play a crucial role in modulating wound healing outcomes. Additionally, ethnicity contributes to variations in wound healing rates and responses to treatment due to genetic and cultural factors. Understanding these multifaceted influences is essential for tailoring effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for diabetic wound management. Integrating personalized medicine strategies with culturally sensitive healthcare practices can enhance outcomes and reduce the burden of diabetic wounds on affected individuals and healthcare systems
Bioactive Compounds from Pleurotus Ostreatus: Unlocking Immunomodulatory, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, And Anti-Tumor Activities
No full textThe present review paper examined the nutritional and therapeutic properties of mushrooms as well as their other uses. Throughout human history, mushrooms have played significant roles as food, medicine, legands, folklore, and religious objects. Lately, they have gained popularity as a healthy diet and as a source for medicine development. Numerous physiologically active substances found in many higher mushrooms have been shown to have potential effects on cardiovascular health, hepatoprotection, anticancer and immunomodulation, antiviral and antibacterial properties, hypocholesterolemia and antitumor activities. Because of its remarkable ligninolytic capabilities, the Pleurotus genus is one of the most researched white-rot fungus. In addition to being edible, this fungus offers a variety of biological benefits since it possesses significant amounts of bioactive compounds. Some mushroom species that are often consumed can produce quantities of vitamin D that are significant to nutrition when they are subjected to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, such as sunlight or UV lamps. This review shows that the available data about how UV light affects mushrooms\u27 ability to store more vitamin D2 and we discuss the issues with the pharmacological applications of mushrooms and their bioactive compounds
Green Synthesis of Multifunctional Silver Nanoparticles Using Plectranthus amboinicus for Sensitive Detection of Triethylamine, with Potential In Vitro Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities
No full textBiogenic nanoparticles synthesized using medicinal plant extracts gain significant attention in the field of medicine. Current research reports about a simple, low cost, eco-friendly method to prepare silver nanoparticles (SNPs) using the leaf extract of Plectranthus amboinicus. UV-Visible spectroscopic analysis showed a surface plasmon resonance peak of synthesized SNPs at 410 nm. SNPs had an average hydrodynamic diameter of 111.5 nm with a zeta potential value of –19.4 mV. FTIR spectroscopic measurement revealed the characteristic peaks of SNPs. Electron microscopic analysis showed spherical-shaped nanoparticles. The potency of SNPs as a calorimetric biosensor was evaluated using its ability in detecting triethylamine (TEA)—a toxic organic solvent. A drastic change in color (pale yellow → dark black) was observed when an SNPs was treated with varying concentrations (0.01 to 0.3 mM) of TEA. SNPs showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, the biosynthesized SNPs possessed efficient anticancer activity against B16F10 murine melanoma cells, which was evaluated using MTT, scratch wound, and live/dead cell assays. These results prove that SNPs can serve as biosensors and antibacterial and anticancer agents for industrial and biomedical applications
Association of interleukin1β, interleukin1 receptor antagonist, interleukin 6 and angiotensin II receptor type I gene polymorphisms with end stage renal disease: A meta-analysis
No full textA Systemic Review and Meta-analysis on Natural Resistance-associated Macrophage Protein 1 (3’-Untranslated Region) and Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain-2 (rs8057341) Polymorphisms and Leprosy Susceptibility in Asian and Caucasian Populations
No full textThe current meta-analysis aims to explore the potential correlation between natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) (3’-Untranslated region [3’-UTR]) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2 (NOD2 [rs8057341]) gene polymorphisms and their association with leprosy susceptibility in both Asian and Caucasian populations. Datas were retrieved from case control studies with NOD 2 and NRAMP 1 gene polymorphism associated with leprosy disease. Leprosy emerges as a particularly distinctive ailment among women on a global scale. The NRAMP1 (3’-UTR) and NOD2 (rs8057341) genetic variations play a crucial role in the progression of leprosy. A systematic review of relevant case–control studies was conducted across several databases, including ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase. Utilizing MetaGenyo and Review Manager 5.4 Version, statistical analyses were carried out. Nine case–control studies totaling 3281 controls and 3062 leprosy patients are included in the research, with the objective of examining the potential association between NRAMP1 (3’-UTR) and NOD2 (rs8057341) gene polymorphisms and leprosy risk. The review methodology was registered in PROSPERO (ID520883). The findings reveal a robust association between NRAMP1 (3’-UTR) and NOD2 (rs8057341) gene polymorphisms and leprosy risk across various genetic models. Although the funnel plot analysis did not identify publication bias, bolstering these findings and elucidating potential gene–gene and gene–environment interactions require further comprehensive epidemiological research. This study identified a strong correlation between polymorphisms in the NOD2 (rs8057341) genes and susceptibility to leprosy across two genetic models. Further comprehensive epidemiological investigations are warranted to validate these findings and explore potential interactions between these genes and environmental factors
