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Study on PPIUCD Acceptors and their Follow Up
Get PDFBACKGROUND :
India is world’s second most populated country with 1.3 billion people. It contributes 17.5% of the world’s population by adding 25 million births every year. Nearly 20.7% of the Indian population have unmet needs for family planning with 65% of the needs in the first year of postpartum period. Postpartum period is the ideal time of family planning. studies show that spacing less than two years of child birth can lead to obstetric complications and maternal mortality. Hence practice of contraception is mandatory. This study helps to determine the socio economic and demographic factors associated with postplacental insertion of copper T. It also helps to determine the complications. The intra uterine device is highly effective, safe, rapidly reversible, long acting, coital independent method of contraception with relatively few side effects. This is also known as coil.
With the increased number of institutional deliveries due to the provision of Janani suraksha yojana – a cash transfer scheme there is increased access to the
pregnant women for promoting family planning services. Further more in the immediate postpartum period, the insertion of intrauterine device is convenient and these women are highly motivated. The postplacental IUCD insertion is particularly suitable for our country where even para medical personnel can insert the cu T and delivery is the only time these patients come in contact with the hospital.
AIM OF THE STUDY :
The present study is aimed at determining the safety. efficacy and expulsion of postplacental insertion of Cu T 380A following vaginal deliveries, instrumental deliveries and caesarean section. In this study, the Cu T 380 A was inserted within 10 minutes of the delivery of placenta and their outcome studied.
OBJECTIVES :
1. To determine proportion of women accepting immediate PPIUCD insertin.
2. To determine the factors associated with acceptability including the socio
demographic and obstetric characters.
3. To determine the rates ofexpulsion, pelvicinfection, lost strings and misplacement
among the acceptors following the postplacental insertion and its outcome after six
weeks.
MATERIALS AND METHODS :
Study Design :
The study was a prospective observational study to assess the awareness,
acceptance and safety of PPIUCD use in women inserted 10 minutes following
deliveries.
Study Setting :
The study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at
Government Theni Medical College Hospital, Theni, Tamilnadu.
Study Period : One year from August 2015 to July 2016.
Study Population:
1. All patients delivered during the study period fulfilling the inclusion criteria.
2. Mode of delivery can be vaginal, instrumental or by caesarean sections.
METHODOLOGY :
A structured open ended questionnaire was given to all patients participating
in the study.
• It includes socio demographic factors, antenatal history, awareness of
PPIUCD, reasons for acceptance
• Study was the insertion of IUCD (Cu T 380 A) immediately after the
delivery of the placenta following vaginal, instrumental or caesarean sections
At six weeks interval, the women are followed up to evaluate the
efficacy, complication and continuation
Inclusion Criteria :
1. Women counseled about PPIUCD and their willingness.
2. 19 - 35 year old mothers.
3. gestational age : 34 - 40 weeks.
4. haemoglobin more than or equal to 9gm%.
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Patients not willing for participation in the study.
2. History of angtepartum haemorrhage.
3. History of rupture of membranes > 12 hours.
4. Any lower genital tract infection.
5. Uterine anomalies.
6. History of post partum haemorrhage.
RESULTS :
Total women counselled – 1150, Accepted – 500, Declined – 650, Lost to follow up – 18, Followed up – 482, Complications - 104, (Expulsion = 23, Bleeding = 45, String problem= 24, abdominal pain =12), Removal - 42, Continuation – 417.
CONCLUSION:
The PPIUCD is particularly safe with few complications as demonstrated in the
study. The patients should be counselled regarding the advantages even in the
antenatal clinic itself as successful family planning measures helps to avert 20-35%
of maternal deaths and nearly 20% of neonatal deaths
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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