1,721,076 research outputs found
The effects of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants on cancer outcomes in checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Full text linkThe emergence of checkpoint inhibitors has created a paradigm shift for the treatment of various malignancies. However, although these therapies are associated with improved survival rates, they also carry the risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Moderate to severe irAEs are typically treated with glucocorticoids, sometimes with the addition of immunosuppressants as steroid-sparing therapy. However, it is unclear how glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants may impact cancer survival and the efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy on cancer. In this narrative review, we discuss the effects of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants including methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-inhibitors, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, abatacept, rituximab, and Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) on cancer-specific outcomes in the setting of immune checkpoint inhibitor use
The immunogenetics of psoriasis: relationship to spondylitis, HLA-B27 and haplotype inheritance
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Unraveling Gender and Ethnic Variation in the Utilization of Elective Procedures: The Case of Total Joint Replacement
No full textCancer immunotherapy–related adverse events: causes and challenges
Full text linkDespite the success and ongoing promise of monoclonal antibody–targeted immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy of advanced malignancies, in particular, antibodies directed against CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1, the development of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) remains a constraint of this type of therapy. Although rarely fatal, the occurrence of irAEs may necessitate discontinuation of immunotherapy, as well as administration of corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive therapies that may not only compromise efficacy but also predispose for development of opportunistic infection. Clearly, retention of efficacy of immune checkpoint–targeted therapies with concurrent attenuation of immune-mediated toxicity represents a formidable challenge. In this context, the current brief review examines mechanistic relationships between these events, as well as recent insights into immunopathogenesis, and strategies which may contribute to resolving this issue. These sections are preceded by brief overviews of the discovery and functions of CTLA-4 and PD-1, as well as the chronology of the development of immunotherapeutic monoclonal antibodies which target these immune checkpoint inhibitors.Fil: Blidner, Ada Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Choi, Jennifer Ailen. Northwestern University; Estados UnidosFil: Cooksley, Tim. University of Manchester; Reino UnidoFil: Dougan, Michael. Harvard Medical School; Estados UnidosFil: Glezerman, Ilya. Memorial Sloan-kettering Cancer Center.; Estados UnidosFil: Ginex, Pamela. Oncology Nursing Society; Estados UnidosFil: Girotra, Monica. Weill Cornell Medicine; Estados Unidos. Memorial Sloan-kettering Cancer Center.; Estados UnidosFil: Gupta, Dipti. Memorial Sloan-kettering Cancer Center.; Estados UnidosFil: Johnson, Douglas. Vanderbilt University; Estados UnidosFil: Shannon, Vickie R.. University of Texas; Estados UnidosFil: Suarez Almazor, Maria. University of Texas; Estados UnidosFil: Rapoport, Bernardo L.. University of Pretoria; Sudáfrica. Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank; SudáfricaFil: Anderson, Ronald. University of Pretoria; Sudáfric
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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