100,409 research outputs found
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
O(h4) locally overconvergent semidiscrete scheme for the equation ut = uxx + f(t, x, u)
No full textAbstractIn the equation ut = uxx + f(t, x, u) the second derivative uxx is approximated by the finite-difference operator Lh which has O(h2) local truncation error at the points h and 1 − h next to the ends of the interval [0, 1] and O(h4) at the interior mesh points 2h, 3h,…, 1 − 2h. It is proved that the obtained semidiscrete scheme is O(h4) globally convergent. The semidiscrete scheme is solved by the pure implicit finite-difference scheme combined with the method of iteration and the Gauss elimination method for tridiagonal matrices. The nonstationary Liouville's equation ut = uxx + e−u has been solved by the proposed algorithm
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Pelevin’s Trinity in the novel “t”: author – protagonist – reader
No full textThe article attempts to interpret Pelevin's artistic strategy in the novel "T" by exploring its subject organization and addressing the key problems of the author, the protagonist, and the reader as they are seen by the researcher. The article analyzes the peculiarities of constructing the narrative reality in the novel "T", and goes on to discuss Pelevin's philosophic models of the development of the humankind, and the emergence of his new anthropology
Measuring industry-science links through inventor-author relations: A profiling method
No full textIn this pilot study we examine the performance of text-based profiling in recovering a set of validated inventor-author links. In a first step we match patents and publications solely based on their similarity in content. Next, we compare inventor and author names on the highest ranked matches for the occurrence of name matches. Finally, we compare these candidate matches with the names listed in a validated set of inventor-author names. Our text-based profile methodology performs significantly better than a random matching of patents and publications, suggesting that text-based profiling is a valuable complementary tool to the name searches used in previous studies.innovation; industry-science links; text-based profiling;
Polyspécificité des récepteurs des lymphocytes T et origines virales des maladies auto-immunes
No full textT cells, central players in adaptive immunity, are divided into two main populations with opposing functions: effector T cells (Teffs), helper or cytotoxic, which are pro-inflammatory and involved in pathogen elimination and tissue damage in autoimmune diseases (AIDs); and regulatory T cells (Tregs), which temper the inflammatory response and control autoimmune disorders. The antigen specificity of the T cell receptor (TCR) is crucial for their activation. Comprising a highly diverse repertoire, the TCR plays an essential role in immune responses. It is also suspected to link certain viruses to the onset of AIDs through molecular mimicry between peptides. Therefore, studying the TCR repertoires of Teffs and Tregs helps in understanding immune interactions, AIDs, and potential viral associations. In this thesis, my goal was to identify TCR signatures of CD4+ Teffs, CD4+ Tregs, and CD8+ T cells associated with AIDs and to explore their viral specificities. This work contributes significantly to the study of TCR biomarkers in the context of AIDs. By exploring innovative methods to identify TCR signatures from blood samples, two main strategies were developed: one based on the probabilities of TCR generation and sharing within an AID, and the other on discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA). These approaches have proven effective in distinguishing AID patient groups and have also shown potential in infectious and cardiac repair contexts. Validating the results highlighted essential methodological aspects, such as quality control and the importance of metadata. The study of signature specificity revealed the limitations of current knowledge. While some of the explored avenues are promising, further work is still required.Les lymphocytes T, acteurs centraux de l'immunité adaptative, se divisent en deux principales populations aux fonctions opposées : les cellules T effectrices (Teffs), auxiliaires ou cytotoxiques, proinflammatoires et impliquées dans l'élimination des pathogènes et les atteintes tissulaires dans les maladies auto-immunes (MAI) ; et les cellules T régulatrices (Tregs), qui tempèrent la réponse inflammatoire et contrôlent les désordres auto-immuns. La spécificité antigénique du récepteur des lymphocytes T (TCR) est cruciale pour leur activation. Composant un répertoire extrêmement diversifié, le TCR joue un rôle essentiel dans les réponses immunitaires. Il notamment suspecté de jouer un lien entre des virus et le déclenchement des MAI par mimétisme moléculaire entre les peptides. L'étude des répertoires TCR des Teffs et Tregs permet donc mieux comprendre les interactions immunitaires, les MAI mais aussi les éventuels liens avec les virus. Dans le cadre de ma thèse, j'avais pour objectif d'identifier des signatures TCR de LT CD4+ Teffs, CD4+ Tregs et CD8+ associés aux MAI et d'explorer leurs spécificités virales. Cette thèse apporte une contribution significative à l'étude des biomarqueurs TCR dans le contexte des MAI. En explorant des méthodes innovantes pour identifier des signatures TCR à partir de prélèvements sanguins, deux stratégies principales ont été mises en place : l'une axée sur les probabilités de génération des TCR et leurs partages au sein d'une MAI ; l'autre sur une analyse discriminante (sPLS-DA). Ces approches ont démontré leur efficacité pour séparer les groupes de patients atteints MAI mais aussi dans un cadre infectieux ou la réparation cardiaque. La validation des résultats a mis en lumière des aspects essentiels de la méthodologie, tels que le contrôle qualité et l'importance des métadonnées. L'étude de la spécificité des signatures a révélé les limites des connaissances actuelles. Bien que certaines pistes explorées soient prometteuses, des travaux supplémentaires sont encore nécessaires
Wave turbulence of a rotating array of quantized vortices in the T → 0 temperature limit
No full textThe dynamics of quantized vortices in the zero temperature limit is currently of great interest, particularly in the case of the Fermi superfluid He-B. Here we study wave turbulence, generated by the librating motion of a rotating cylindrical container filled with He-B, in the limit of vanishing viscous forces at temperatures . The polarization of the quantized vortices with respect to the axis of rotation is measured using non-invasive NMR techniques. We observe a decrease of the polarization when the librating motion is started, and a two-stage relaxation process when the modulation of the rotation velocity is stopped. The first relaxation process is associated with the dissipation of large-scale flow stored in inertial waves and the solid body rotation of the vortex array. From the decay of these energy reservoirs we determine the rate of energy dissipation of large-scale flow. The later second process is related to the relaxation of Kelvin waves on individual vortices. This process is monitored by the recovery of the polarization. The existence of a Kelvin wave cascade at the lowest temperatures is currently a central open question. We supply some evidence for the cascade
DNA fusion gene vaccination mobilizes effective anti-leukemic cytotoxic T lymphocytes from a tolerized repertoire
No full textThe majority of known human tumor-associated antigens derive from non-mutated self proteins. T cell tolerance, essential to prevent autoimmunity, must therefore be cautiously circumvented to generate cytotoxic T cell responses against these targets. Our strategy uses DNA fusion vaccines to activate high levels of peptide-specific CTL. Key foreign sequences from tetanus toxin activate tolerance-breaking CD4+ T cell help. Candidate MHC class Ibinding tumor peptide sequences are fused to the C terminus for optimal processing and presentation. To model performance against a leukemia-associated antigen in a tolerized setting, we constructed a fusion vaccine encoding an immunodominant CTL epitopederived from Friend murine leukemia virus gag protein (FMuLVgag) and vaccinated tolerant FMuLVgag-transgenic (gag-Tg) mice. Vaccination with the construct induced epitopespecificIFN-c-producing CD8+ T cells in normal and gag-Tg mice. The frequency and avidity of activated cells were reduced in gag-Tg mice, and no autoimmune injury resulted. However, these CD8+ T cells did exhibit gag-specific cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Also, epitope-specific CTL killed FBL-3 leukemia cells expressing endogenous FMuLVgag antigen and protected against leukemia challenge in vivo. These results demonstrate a simple strategy to engage anti-microbial T cell help to activate epitope-specific polyclonal CD8+ T cell responses from a residual tolerized repertoire
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