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Constitutionalization of self-government in the basic laws of the Second and Third Republics of Poland as a rationale for establishing professional self-governments (the case study of pharmacists’/pharmaceutical self-government)
No full textCelem prezentowanego artykułu jest analiza wpływu przepisów konstytucyjnych na funkcjonowanie samorządu zawodowego oraz ich późniejszego rozwijania w przepisach ustawowych. Autor poszukuje odpowiedzi na pytania, jakie rozwiązania konstytucyjne dotyczące samorządu zawodowego przyjęto w konstytucjach II i III RP, które z przepisów konstytucyjnych bardziej sprzyjały funkcjonowaniu samorządu i na jakie bariery natrafiał w swoim funkcjonowaniu samorząd w efekcie wprowadzania przepisów konstytucyjnych w II i w III RP. W tekście postawiono hipotezę, że przepisy konstytucyjne II RP w szerszym zakresie sprzyjały funkcjonowaniu samorządu zawodowego niż analogiczne przepisy w III RP, a żeby ją potwierdzić, wykorzystano metodę dogmatycznoprawną z zastosowaniem techniki analizy dokumentów wtórnych i pierwotnych.The aim of the article is to analyze the impact of constitutional provisions on the functioning of professional self-government and their further development in statutory provisions. The author seeks to answer the following questions: what constitutional solutions regarding professional self-government were adopted in the constitutions of the Second and Third Republics of Poland, which constitutional provisions were more conducive to the functioning of self-government, and what barriers it encountered as a result of the introduction of constitutional provisions in the Second and Third Republics of Poland. A hypothesis has been put forward in the paper that the constitutional provisions of the Second Polish Republic were more conducive to the functioning of professional self-government than similar provisions in the Third Polish Republic. In order to confirm the hypothesis, the dogmatic and legal method was employed in the article, which enabled an analysis of secondary and primary documents
Selected aspects of hospital financing during the 1st and 2nd waves of the COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDFPURPOSE: The aim of this scientific study is to analyze selected rules governing the financing
of hospitals. The studied period is the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The aforementioned pandemic waves posed new challenges for hospitals in respect to patient
treatment, which had to entail changes in the financing of such medical entities. The author
discusses the financing of health services, costs generated by "hospital beds", and the costs
of protection and treatment of the patients infected with Sars-CoV-2. One of the changes that
has affected the whole system was the introduction of the "Medical Fund".METHODOLOGY: The article uses the following research methods: historical and legal –
selected legal acts and communications issued by public administration bodies such as the
Minister of Health and the President of the National Health Fund were analyzed, including
their effect on public health institutions during the first two waves; dogmatic and legal – a
systemic and linguistic interpretation of legal acts, reports and information found on
websites was carried out.RESULTS: The research results allow for putting forward de lege ferenda conclusions which
might be helpful if new epidemiological threats emerge in the future. To be more precise, it
will be possible for public authorities to better prepare for crisis situations and ensure stable
financing of hospitals.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The solutions regarding the financing of health services provided by
hospitals adopted during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic exerted an influence on
the evolution of financing medical services during the subsequent waves.ORIGINALITY: The article is original in its approach to the problem of financing hospitals
taking into account the level of COVID protection. Determination of the importance of
allocating funds to hospitals during the pandemic waves is an attempt to determine
measurable effects for COVID-19 patients and patients not infected with the coronavirus.
The article may provide an impetus for an international discussion on the principles
governing the financing of medical entities such as hospitals in individual countries.The article has been written as part of the research project (DNWZ.711.291.2022.PBU)
financed by the Pedagogical University of Cracow, Poland.peer-reviewe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The falsified medicines directive and legal guarantees to ensure authenticity of medicines. The impact of drug serialization on medicine safety in the EU
No full textThe aim of this study is to present the impact of the new legal solutions introduced in the so-called Falsified Medicines Directive on medicine safety in the EU. For the purposes of this study, it was necessary to analyze and interpret the provisions of the said Directive and the Delegated Regulation. The guarantees of medicine authenticity, such as a code to be scanned and placed on the medicine packaging (serialization) have been discussed in the paper. These activities are aimed at reducing the market of counterfeit medicines across the EU. The research tool used in the study was the dogmatic and legal method, which made it possible to conclude, that the provisions of the Falsified Medicines Directive increase the guarantee of drug safety. Considering the fact that these regulations are apolitical, one can assume that they will be implemented in other legal systems
Wybrane aspekty zwalczania chorób zakaźnych zwierząt na wybranym przykładzie
No full textThis article undertakes an analysis of preventative problems faced by national
authorities when dealing with infectious animal diseases. This examination is based on the
example of the pathogenic avian influenza, commonly known as ‘bird flu’. Its incidence is
comparatively varied among the EU member states; a result of a number of factors which
influence the occurrence and spread of said virus, including, but not limited to, climate,
species of domesticated fowl on farms, veterinarian practices, and the general movements
of birds in a given area. These factors affect the occurrence of said disease in a majority of
European states, as observed in the relatively rapid spread of the disease between countries.
The objective of the article is to answer the questions of how Poland’s current regulations
work practically in combating the considered disease, and whether these current regulations
are sufficient.
The analysis uses the dogmatic method focusing on the general, effective regulations and
local laws. The examination ends with closing remarks.Artykuł podejmuje próbę analizy problematyki zapobiegania przez właściwe
organy państwa rozpowszechnianiu się chorób zakaźnych zwierząt. Zagadnienie to zostanie
przedstawione na przykładzie wirusa zjadliwej grypy ptaków. Zapadalność na nią jest
stosunkowo zróżnicowana w poszczególnych państwach unijnych, co wynika z określonych
czynników, które wpływają na powstanie czy też rozwój samego wirusa. Do nich można
zaliczyć między innymi: klimat, gatunek ptactwa hodowanego w gospodarstwach rolnych,
praktyki weterynaryjne oraz przemieszczanie się samych ptaków na określonym obszarze.
Wspomniane czynniki wpłynęły na wystąpienie tej choroby w dużej liczbie państw europejskich.
Jak można zauważyć, choroba ta szerzyła się stosunkowo szybko pomiędzy poszczególnymi
państwami. Celem artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak regulacje
prawne w praktyce przyczyniają się do zwalczania wspomnianej choroby oraz czy istniejące
rozwiązania prawne są wystarczające. W artykule zastosowano metodę dogmatyczną polegającą
na analizie przepisów powszechnie obowiązujących oraz prawa miejscowego. Całość
zamykają wnioski końcowe
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Wybrane zagadnienia prawne statutu gminy jako aktu prawa miejscowego o charakterze ustrojowym
Get PDFThe article discusses the issue of regulations contained in a commune Statute. The Act on Commune Self-government includes certain requirements concerning the Statute. The Commune Statute, apart from the Constitution and the Act on Commune Self-government, is the most important legal act regulating organization of a commune. According to the constitutional principle of the hierarchy of legal acts, the Statute is placed among local legal acts, for it is in force only in the area of a given commune. The regulations of the aforementioned universally binding legislation determine the scope of statute regulations.Artykuł porusza problematykę unormowań zawartych w akcie prawnym o charakterze ustrojowym dla gminy, jakim jest statut. Przepisy ustawy o samorządzie gminnym wprowadzają określone wymogi w zakresie materii statutowej. Oprócz Konstytucji i ustawy o samorządzie gminnym statut gminy jest najważniejszym aktem prawnym normującym ustrój gminy. Konstytucyjna zasada hierarchicznej budowy aktów prawnych pozwala zaliczyć statut do aktów prawa miejscowego, bowiem obowiązuje on wyłącznie na obszarze właściwej gminy. Przepisy wspomnianych wcześniej aktów powszechnie obowiązujących prawnych w sposób zasadniczy decydują o zakresie regulacji zawartej w statucie
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