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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Methodical investigation of the reproductibility, sensitivity and specificity of live 3D echocardiography analysis of endocardium motion with respect to the evaluation of the synchronicity of the cardiac wall movement
No full textIn dieser Arbeit wurde insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Beurteilung der
Synchronizität der Wandbewegung untersucht, inwieweit sich die 3D-
Echokardiographie methodisch für Endokardbewegungsanalysen eignet. Hierzu
wurden mittels 3D-Echokardiographie Probanden mit normaler Wandbewegung
(Kontrollgruppe) und Patienten mit eingeschränkter Wandbewegung und
biventrikulärem Herzschrittmacher (Interventionsgruppe) untersucht. Die
Datenakquisition erfolgte mit Hilfe der tranthorakalen Echokardiographie mit
dem 3D-Echokardiographiegerät, Sonos 7500, Live 3D von der Firma Philips,
welches mit einem Matrixschallkopf ausgestattet ist. Anschließend wurde mit
Hilfe des 4D-LV-Analyse-Programmes der linke Ventrikel rekonstruiert und
analysiert. Die Auswertung geschah mittels eines halbautomatischen
Konturierungsprogrammes. Zusätzlich bestand jedoch auch die Option der
manuellen Korrektur. Das 4D-Analyse-Programm berechnete aus dem
Endokardliniengitter 3D-Flächen, die sogenannten Beutel der linken Ventrikel.
Aus diesen Beuteln wurden die regionalen Partialvolumina und die regionalen
partiellen Auswurffraktionen ermittelt. Mit Hilfe des Expertensystems MATLAB
7.0 wurden statistische Parameter berechnet. Zusätzlich wurden Volumen-Zeit-
Kurven für die partialen Ejektionsfraktionen und partialen Schlagvolumina
erstellt. Für die statistische Auswertung wurden dann vier Parameter
verwendet. Zur Untersuchung der Reproduzierbarkeit der Wandbewegungsanalysen
mittels 3D-Echokardiographie wurden vier Datensätze aus der Kontrollgruppe und
12 Datensätze aus der Interventionsgruppe von zwei Untersuchern ausgewertet
und miteinander verglichen. Hierbei wurden die ausgewählten Parameter mittels
paarweisem t-Test ausgewertet und die entsprechenden Volumen-Zeit-Kurven
miteinander verglichen. Es fanden sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede
zwischen den Gruppen der beiden Untersucher, außer bei dem Parameter Median
der Korrelationen. Die Spezifität wurde untersucht, indem die Daten der
Kontrollgruppe mit denen der Interventionsgruppe im intrinsischen Modus
mittels des Student-t-Testes ausgewertet wurden. Hier konnten signifikante
Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Gruppen festgestellt werden. Auch in der
quantitativen Auswertung mittels der erstellten Volumen-Zeit-Kurven stellten
sich deutlich sichtbare Unterschiede heraus. Zur quantitativen Beurteilung der
Sensitivität wurden die vier herangezogenen statistischen Parameter aus der
Interventionsgruppe im intrinsichen Modus mit dem jeweils besten
Schrittmachermodus mittels t-Test verglichen und statistisch ausgewertet.
Durch den Vergleich der Volumen-Zeit-Kurven der partialen Ejektionsfraktionen
und der partialen Schlagvolumina der Interventionsgruppe im intrinsischen
Schrittmachermodus mit dem jeweils besten Schrittmachermodus erfolgte die
qualitative Auswertung. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass sich für die
statistischen Parameter Varianz der minimalen Partialvolumina, der
normalisierten Werte und der Standardabweichung der Korrelationen keine
signifikanten, aber wesentliche Unterschiede im Vergleich zwischen zwei
Untersuchern als auch in der Gegenüberstellung der Interventionsgruppe mit CRT
im intrinsischen Modus zu dem besten Modus ergaben. Es findet sich jedoch ein
signifikanter Unterschied für den Median der Korrelationen der Partialvolumina
zwischen den beiden Untersuchern als auch im Vergleich der Interventionsgruppe
intrinsischer Schrittmachermodus mit dem besten Schrittmachermodus. Dieser
Parameter ist jedoch auch sehr sensitiv für einen systematischen Fehler. Bei
zukünftigen Untersuchungen, nach Verbesserung der Methodik, ist dennoch davon
auszugehen, dass der Median der Korrelationen ein guter Parameter ist.
Insgesamt muss festgestellt werden, dass die Möglichkeiten der Auswertung der
Echtzeit-3D-Echokardiographie stark von der Bildqualität des
Ausgangsdatensatzes abhängig sind. Bei höherem Datenrauschen des Ultraschalls
nimmt die bildtechnische Qualität des Datensatzes ab und es wird für den
Untersucher schwierig, das Endokard abzugrenzen. Die offline-Auswertung der
Daten ist, obwohl diese jetzt halbautomatisch erfolgt, weiterhin
zeitaufwendig. Ein sehr großes Problem stellte die Option der manuellen
Korrektur des Konturierungsprogrammes dar. Hier kam es zum Teil zu extremen
Abweichungen, welche in den Volumen-Zeit-Kurven graphisch deutlich dargestellt
werden konnten. Zusammenfassend muss gesagt werden, dass bei dem derzeitigen
Stand der Technik die Echtzeit-3D-Echokardiographie noch kritisch gesehen
werden muss. Eine genaue Wandbewegungsanalyse ist gegenwärtig noch nicht
ausreichend gegeben. Es besteht weiterer Entwicklungsbedarf in der 3D-
Echokardiographie. Weitere Fortschritte in der technischen Forschung und
Computerentwicklung der Hardware und Software lassen erwarten, dass die
Matrixschallköpfe noch kleiner werden und die Zeit der quantitativen Analyse
weiter reduziert werden kann. Durch die Weiterentwicklung der Software gibt es
inzwischen neue und bessere Programme, welche die Probleme der
halbautomatischen Auswertung weiter verringert haben und die Probleme der
manuellen Korrektur konnten möglicherweise gelöst werden. Hierdurch können die
in dieser Arbeit noch vorliegenden Einschränkungen für die Zukunft relativiert
werden. Der Median der Korrelationen hat das Potenzial für einen guten
Parameter in der Auswertung von Wandbewegungsstörungen mittels 3D-
Echokardiographie. Trotz einiger Limitationen bei dem aktuellen Stand der
Technik hat die Echtzeit-3D-Echokardiographie ein hohes Potenzial zur
Beurteilung von asynchronen, regionalen Wandbewegungsstörungen.In this work the synchronous movement of the cardiac wall using 3D-
echocardiography is examined. To determine if the methology is well suited for
the analysis of endocardium motion, persons with normal cardiac wall movement
(the control group) and patients with reduced cardiac wall movement and bi-
ventricular cardiac pacemaker (the interventions group) were examined. The
data acquisition took place with the help of the trans-thoracic
echocardiography which was equipped with a matrixprobe. The left ventricle was
reconstructed subsequently, and analyzed. The evaluation happened by means of
a semiautomatic outlining program. Additionally however also a mode where
manual corrections could be used was accepted. The 4D analysis program for the
left ventricle computed the so-called bags of the left ventricles from the
wire frame of the endocardium. From these bags the regional partial volume and
the regional partial ejection volume were determined. With the help of the
expert system MATLAB 7.0 statistical parameters were computed. Additionally
volume time curves were provided. For the statistical evaluation four
parameters were analysed. For the investigation of the reproductibility of the
cardiac wall motion four data records from the control group and 12 data
records from the group of interventions were evaluated by two examiners and
compared with one another. Here the selected parameters were evaluated by
means of t-test in pairs and the appropriate volume time curves were compared
with one another. There were no significant differences between the groups of
the two examiners, except within one of the parameters.With the help of
standard statisitical analyses significant differences between the two groups
could be determined. Also in the quantitative evaluation by means of the
provided volume time curves clearly visible differences could be shown. For
the quantitative evaluation of the sensitivity the four consulted statistic
parameters from the group of interventions in the intrinsic mode were compared
with the optimal mode of the pacemaker by means of t-test and evaluated
statistically. Via the comparison of the volume time curves of the partial
ejection volumes and the partial impact volumes of the group of interventions
in the intrinsic pacemaker mode with the optimal mode of the pacemaker a
qualitative evaluation was done. While some of the proposed parameters did not
exhibit significant differences between the control and the intervention
group, one of the tested paramters showed to be sensitve. While the results of
this study are promising, it must also be said, that with the current state of
the art analysis programs it remains a very challenging task to use live 3D
echocardiography in the clinical routine. Despite its limitations, this method
already showed its high potential
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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