18,683 research outputs found
ADAM SMITH'S OPTIMISTIC TELEOLOGICAL VIEW OF HISTORY
No full textAdam Smith's four-stage theory provides the framework for his writings on history. The fourth stage is the commercial epoch; the culmination of history in this stage is a key component in the conventional interpretation of Adam Smith as a prophet of commercialism. In two historical case studies Smith shows the capacity of commercial society to regenerate itself. This potent capacity suggests that commercial society is inevitable. At a certain point in time it also overcomes the major obstacles to its permanence. Smith's philosophy of history anticipates the end of history views of Kant and Hegel.Political Economy,
Rozmowa o historii misji średniowiecznych
No full textOn September 25-26th 2014 the Institute of History, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, has organized a conference „Christianization of Europe. The Church at the turn of the first and second millenium”. It was the first of planned three conferences which preceed the 1050 anniversary of the baptism received by Polish prince Mieszko I in 966 and the official introduction of Christianity to Poland. Prof. Strzelczyk was one of the main organizers of this conference and the discussion reported below touches the subjects related to his professional career as a historian, focusing on the study of the history of Christian missions in Middle Ages.On September 25-26th 2014 the Institute of History, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, has organized a conference „Christianization of Europe. The Church at the turn of the first and second millenium”. It was the first of planned three conferences which preceed the 1050 anniversary of the baptism received by Polish prince Mieszko I in 966 and the official introduction of Christianity to Poland. Prof. Strzelczyk was one of the main organizers of this conference and the discussion reported below touches the subjects related to his professional career as a historian, focusing on the study of the history of Christian missions in Middle Ages
Niemiecki głos o Zjeździe Gnieźnieńskim
No full textJerzy Strzelczyk, Niemiecki głos o Zjeździe Gnieźnieński
Dorota Żołądź-Strzelczyk, Dziecko w dawnej Polsce, 2002
No full textRecenzja: Dorota Żołądź-Strzelczyk, Dziecko w dawnej Polsce, Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, Poznań 2002, s.354
How Might Adam Smith Pay Professors Today?
No full textAdam Smith’s proposal for paying professors was intended to induce increased faculty knowledge. If students have imperfect information about what they learn, and universities can only imperfectly measure the input of faculty time in student learning, publications may be used to measure faculty knowledge. If professors’ ability to publish is positively related to their ability to produce student learning, which universities can imperfectly measure, publications may be necessary to attract more able professors. Since research signals faculty knowledge, schools that do not value publications per se could require higher publication standards and pay higher wages than schools that value only publications.
ADAM SMITH'S VIEW OF HISTORY: CONSISTENT OR PARADOXICAL?
No full textThe conventional interpretation of Adam Smith is that he is a prophet of commercialism. The liberal capitalist reading of Smith is consistent with the view that history culminates in commercial society. The first part of the article develops this optimistic interpretation of Smith's view of history. Smith implies that commercial society is the end of history because 1) it supplies the ends of nature that he identifies; 2) it is inevitable; and 3) it is permanent. The second part of the article shows that Smith has some dark moments in his writings where he seems to reject completely such teleological notions. In this more civic humanist mood he confesses that commercial society does not supply the ends of nature, nor is it inevitable, nor is it permanent. Both views exist in Smith and the commentator is forced to choose between passages in Smith's work in order to support a particular interpretation of the former's view of history.Political Economy,
Prevalence and therapy rates for stuttering, cluttering, and developmental disorders of speech and language : evaluation of German health insurance data
No full textPurpose: To evaluate the prevalence and treatment patterns of speech and language disorders in Germany.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of data collected from 32% of the German population, insured by the statutory German health insurance (AOK, Local Health Care Funds). We used The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision, German Modification (ICD-10 GM) codes for stuttering (F98.5), cluttering (F98.6), and developmental disorders of speech and language (F80) to identify prevalent and newly diagnosed cases each year. Prescription and speech therapy reimbursement data were used to evaluate treatment patterns.
Results: In 2017, 27,977 patients of all ages were diagnosed with stuttering (21,045 males, 75% and 6,932 females, 25%). Stuttering prevalence peaks at age 5 years (boys, 0.89% and girls, 0.40%). Cluttering was diagnosed in 1,800 patients of all ages (1,287 males, 71.5% and 513 females, 28.5%). Developmental disorders of speech and language were identified in 555,774 AOK-insurants (61.2% males and 38.8% females). Treatment data indicate a substantial proportion newly diagnosed stuttering individuals receive treatment (up to 45% of 6-year-old patients), with slightly fewer than 20 sessions per year, on average. We confirmed a previous study showing increased rates of atopic disorders and neurological and psychiatric comorbidities in individuals with stuttering, cluttering, and developmental disorders of speech and language.
Conclusion: This is the first nationwide study using health insurance data to analyze the prevalence and newly diagnosed cases of a speech and language disorder. Prevalence and gender ratio data were consistent with the international literature. The crude prevalence of developmental disorders of speech and language increased from 2015 to 2018, whereas the crude prevalence for stuttering remained stable. For cluttering, the numbers were too low to draw reliable conclusions. Proportional treatment allocation for stuttering peaked at 6 years of age, which is the school entrance year, and is later than the prevalence peak of stuttering
The Christianisation of ‘the Younger Europe’
No full textPoszukiwania początków polskiej państwowości i korzeni zaszczepionej na jej gruncie w drugiej połowie X stulecia religii chrześcijańskiej postępują od momentu ukształtowania się w XIX wieku nowoczesnej historiografii. Stawiane były przez ostatnie dwa stulecia rozmaite pytania o rolę i miejsce chrześcijaństwa w obrządku łacińskim w dziejach państwa piastowskiego i wyrastającej zeń monarchii jagiellońskiej i odrodzonej Rzeczypospolitej. 1050. rocznica aktu chrztu Mieszka I szczególnie sprzyja pogłębieniu refleksji na ten temat. W poznańskim środowisku historycznym zrodziła się idea szerokiego spojrzenia na wydarzenia z drugiej połowy X wieku i ukazania ich na tle rozprzestrzeniającego się w Europie chrześcijaństwa. Pierwsza monografia zbiorowa poświęcona rozprzestrzenianiu się nowej religii na kontynencie europejskim i w jego bezpośredniej bliskości w I tysiącleciu n.e. ukazała się 2014 roku („Chrystianizacja Europy. Kościół na przełomie I i II tysiącleciaˮ, red. Józef Dobosz, Jerzy Strzelczyk, Poznań 2014, ss. 291). Dzieło zbiorowe pt. „Chrystianizacja »Młodszej Europy«ˮ zawiera refleksje mediewistów nad ekspansją chrześcijaństwa na obszary Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej oraz Skandynawii. W kilkunastu artykułach przedstawione zostały procesy chrystianizacyjne poszczególnych struktur politycznych „Młodszej Europy” (kraje skandynawskie, Saksonia, Czechy, Węgry, Ruś oraz obszar zamieszkały przez Bałtów i ludy stepowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej), a także kwestie związane z doktryną misyjną ówczesnego Kościoła, ideą wojny świętej, postawami społeczeństw przyjmujących nową wiarę, konsekwencjami chrystianizacji oraz jej obrazem w tradycji pamięci zbiorowej.The first monograph to discuss the dissemination of Christianity throughout the European continent and in its immediate vicinity in the first millennium AD appeared in print in 2014 (The Christianisation of Europe. The Church at the Turn of the Second Millennium, Józef Dobosz, Jerzy Strzelczyk (eds), Poznan 2014). This volume seeks to explore the expansion of Christianity in 'the Younger Europe': Central and Eastern Europe and Scandinavia. The book comprises several contributions from leading medievalists, who trace the processes of Christianisation in particular political structures of 'the Younger Europe' (the Scandinavian countries, Saxony, Bohemia, Hungary, Rus', the areas inhabited by the Baits and the steppe peoples of Central and Eastern Europe) and examine issues relating to the missionary doctrine of the then Church, the idea of holy war, the approaches of societies embracing the new religion, the consequences of Christianisation and its perception in collective memory
Adam Smith and Roman Servitudes
No full textThis essay is a preprint of an article that appeared at: Tijdschrift voor Rechstsgeschiedenis, 72 (2004), 327–57.This essay discusses Adam Smith historical jurisprudence and his use of Roman law materials in his Lectures on Jurisprudence. It argues that Smith found it difficult to maintain his theory of legal development in the face of a highly developed body of Roman law literature
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