1,720,953 research outputs found
Environmental impacts and emissions reduction potential of floating wind and marine energy in future energy scenarios of Great Britain
Get PDFHumans are unequally causing environmental harm through consumption of natural materials and energy beyond sustainable limits. Amongst the most severe and cross-cutting human induced pressures on Earth is climate change. This is driven by higher average temperature from increased retention of solar energy via increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases released by human activities; primarily carbon dioxide (CO₂) from combustion of fossil fuels: oil, gas and coal. This thesis considers the environmental impacts and climate change impacts of novel forms of offshore renewable energy, and assesses how effectively they can obviate emissions from fossil fuel power generation, using the electricity system of Great Britain as a case study.
The United Kingdom and its devolved nations have enshrined in law a target to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 or earlier.
Simultaneously, the UK’s oceanic climate and island geography are well placed to host significant installed capacities of offshore wind which will form the backbone of the power system in almost all Net Zero scenarios, and – although to a lesser extent – marine energy (wave and tidal stream). These renewable energies obviously forgo fossil fuels as a primary consumable, but do include non-zero environmental impacts via their construction, operation and disposal.
Wave energy remains an untapped source of renewable electricity, with ongoing technological development beginning in the 1970’s. Studies of the life cycle environmental impacts of arrays of new wave energy converter (WEC) devices are uncommon, and a life cycle assessment (LCA) of a novel device – the Blue Horizon – is presented here, deployed in four utility-scale arrays including a substation, highly detailed vessel representation and site-specific energy production, finding a global warming impact of 68.3 to 94.9 gCO₂eq/kWh across the arrays and carbon payback beyond the lifetime of the array when future scenarios of carbon intensity are used.
Conversely, UK floating wind deployment is growing. Here, arrays of the International Energy Agency (IEA) 15 MW Reference Wind Turbine (RWT), on floating platforms arranged in commercial-scale arrays at multiple locations are assessed and compared to the wave energy results, finding a climate impact of 17.4 to 26.3 gCO₂eq/kWh, and a payback time of three to twelve years depending on future scenario. Site-specific energy production and vessel operations are provided by a dedicated offshore wind farm operations and maintenance (O&M) model, COMPASS, allowing service operation vessel (SOV) O&M impacts to be assessed with increased confidence.
The next aspect of the thesis considers ways of modelling the integration of these life cycle impact assessments with the wider energy system. To permit this, projections for wave and tidal stream installed capacities are developed with discrete geospatial coordinates of potential deployment sites to create three scenarios (low, mid and high) of future deployment around GB. These scenarios are then used with a new power system modelling tool, PyPSA-GB, and Future Energy Scenarios (FES) from National Grid, to consider the emissions reduction potential of marine renewable generation in the future, and how this relates to the static attributional impacts from preceding LCA studies. Accounting for the fleets of generation within the FES finds that carbon payback is almost never achieved for the cases considered, and that complementarity has a limited effect on the technology’s climate change mitigation efficacy, which is simply dominated by the installed capacities in the future scenarios
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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