161,325 research outputs found
Investigation into the Strouhal numbers associated with vortex shedding from parallel-plate thermoacoustic stacks in oscillatory flow conditions
No full textThis paper investigates vortex shedding processes occurring at the end of a stack of parallel plates, due to an oscillating flow induced by an acoustic standing wave. Here the hot-wire anemometry measurement technique is applied to detect the velocity fluctuations due to vortex shedding near the end of the stack. The hot-wire fast time response enables detailed frequency spectra of the velocity signal to be obtained, which can be used for identifying the dominant frequencies associated with vortex shedding, and thus allow calculation of the corresponding Strouhal numbers. By varying the stack configuration (the plate thickness and spacing) and the acoustic excitation level (the so-called drive ratio), the impact of the stack blockage ratio and the Reynolds number on the Strouhal number has been studied in detail. Furthermore, in the range of Reynolds numbers between 200 and 5000 a correlation between the Strouhal number and Reynolds number has been obtained and compared with analogous relationships in the steady flow. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is also used to visualize the vortex shedding processes within an acoustic cycle, phase-by-phase, in particular during the part of the cycle when the fluid flows out of the stack—selected cases are shown for comparisons with hot-wire measurements
Investigation of Strouhal numbers at high Reynolds numbers
No full textThe installation of offshore structures and unburied large diameter pipelines in deeper ocean waters has made them vulnerable to the forces associated with vortex shedding. Prediction of these forces as a function of water flow velocity requires data on the Strouhal vortex shedding frequencies which exist for different flow velocities. Only limited data on Strouhal-Reynolds number relations exist for high Reynolds numbers above one million. [...]Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department o
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Evaluation of legs action in swimming based on Strouhal number
No full textAnimais que nadam ou voam apresentam uma coordenação de movimentos similar que garante uma interação ótima de seus corpos com o escoamento gerando máxima eficiência propulsiva devido a interação dos vórtices liberados. O grupamento adimensional da mecânica dos fluidos que avalia esta coordenação é o número de Strouhal. Este estudo visa verificar se seres humanos seriam capazes de utilizar desta coordenação para nadar de forma mais rápida e eficiente. Para isso, foram analisadas as influencias antropométricas, de habilidade, desempenho, sexo e idade na possível utilização desta coordenação. Foram filmados 144 participantes de ambos os sexos, entre 12 e 53 anos e diferentes níveis de habilidade, enquanto nadavam crawl em máxima velocidade de forma livre, com limitação de velocidade e apenas com ação de pernas. Estes dados permitiram avaliar as condições do escoamento, o arrasto, o índice de coordenação, o número de Strouhal e a coordenação entre membros dos participantes. Embora as diferenças entre sexos e idades já reportadas na literatura a respeito do índice de coordenação e do arrasto tenham sido confirmadas, estas características parecem não afetar a coordenação entre membros e o número de Strouhal de forma a não influenciar o possível mecanismo propulsivo relacionado à interação dos vórtices. Nadadores mais habilidosos parecem tentar coordenar seus nados em um valor de Strouhal de aproximadamente 0,5, com um número fixo de pernadas dentro dos ciclos de braçadas e com movimentos de braços e pernas sincronizados. Esta coordenação constante parece privilegiar a ocorrência da finalização de uma pernada durante uma fase propulsiva crítica da braçada sustentando a possibilidade da interação das ações propulsivas. Quando submetidos a uma condição com limitação de velocidade os nadadores mais habilidosos buscaram alterar suas técnicas. Eles apresentaram maior amplitude de pernada, porém não foi possível determinar se isso ocorreu devido ao maior arrasto ou a uma tentativa de aumentar o número de Strouhal. O mesmo aumento da amplitude de pernada também foi observado para as condições com apenas propulsão de pernas, no entanto, para este caso, nadadores de todos os níveis identificaram a necessidade de alterar suas técnicas de pernadas. Estes resultados parecem sugerir que o aproveitamento da interação com vórtices não ocorreria em baixas velocidades e que apenas os nadadores mais habilidosos identificam a coordenação necessária para cada situação. Desta forma, o desempenho e experiência do nadador parecem constituir restritores para o aproveitamento da interação com vórtices. No entanto a partir de um determinado valor de número de Froude (velocidade normalizada pela raiz quadrada do produto entre estatura e a aceleração da gravidade), apenas a habilidade do nadador parece interferir nesta coordenação. O arrasto e as características antropométricas parecem não influenciar o número de Strouhal ou a coordenação entre membrosFlying and swimming animals presents a similar movement coordination that insure a optimal interaction between their bodies and the flow. This coordination generate high propulsive efficiency due to the interaction between shedding vortex. The dimensionless group used in fluid mechanics to evaluate this phenomenon is Strouhal number. This study aims to verify if the human beings are able to use this coordination to swim in a faster and more efficient way. For this purpose we analyzed the influence of anthropometric characteristics, ability, performance, sex and age in the possible use of the coordination mentioned above. 144 subjects of both sex, age between 12 and 53 years, and different ability levels were filmed while they swan front crawl in maximal velocity in three different conditions: free swimming, with velocity limitation and using legs action only. These data allowed evaluating the flow conditions, the drag force, the index of coordination, the Strouhal number and the coordination between limbs. Although differences between sex and age related to Index of coordination and drag reported previously have been confirmed, these characteristics seem not to affect the coordination between limbs and Strouhal number, in such a way, that the possible vortex interaction\'s propulsive mechanism would not be affected by sex and age. The most skilled swimmers seem to try to coordinate their movements to reach a Strouhal number about 0,5; with a fixed number of kick beats per stroke; and with a synchronized coordination between arms and legs. This coordination seems to lead to an occurrence of the ending of the kick beat in a critical propulsive phase of the stroke, which supports the possibility that there is an interaction between the propulsive actions of arms and legs. When the swimmers are exposed to a condition with velocity limitation, the most skilled of them tried to change their techniques. They raised their kick amplitude, however, it was not possible to determine if this raise happened due to the either higher drag force or to an attempt to raise the Strouhal number. The same kick amplitude raise was also observed on the legs propulsion condition, however, in this case, all swimmers were able to identify the need of change their techniques. These results suggest that the use of the interaction between vortex would not occur in low velocities, moreover, only the most skilled swimmers are able to identify the best coordination for each condition. In this way, the swimmer\'s performance and experience seem to be constraint for the use of the interaction between vortex. Nonetheless, since a Froude (V.(gl)-0.5) threshold was reached, only the swimmer\'s ability seems to affect this coordination. The drag and anthropometric characteristics seem not to affect Strouhal number or the limbs\' coordinatio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Larry O. Spencer, Conference Author Presentation
No full textGen. Larry O. Spencer, USAF (Ret.), author of Dark Horse: A Journey from the Horseshoe to the Pentago
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1902-1907
No full textIn this second volume of Author Under Sail Jay Williams investigates the life of Jack London as a professional writer at the turn of the 1900s, as his publications spanned The Call of the Wild to The Iron Heel and The Road. While documenting key life events, especially his rising fame, this biography explores London's necessity to illustrate the inner workings of his own vast imagination through his socialist essays and fiction.Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Howl, O Heav'nly Muse! -- 2. Jesus in the Theater of Socialism -- 3. Jack London's Place in American Literature -- 4. Theater of War, Theater at Home -- 5. Revolution, Evolution, and the Scene of Writing -- 6. The Jack London Show Goes on the Road -- 7. Red Atavisms and Revolution -- 8. Earthquake Apocalypse and Building the City, Boat, and House Beautiful -- 9. The Future of Socialism and the Death of the Individual -- 10. The Road Never Ends -- Notes -- Bibliography -- IndexIn this second volume of Author Under Sail Jay Williams investigates the life of Jack London as a professional writer at the turn of the 1900s, as his publications spanned The Call of the Wild to The Iron Heel and The Road. While documenting key life events, especially his rising fame, this biography explores London's necessity to illustrate the inner workings of his own vast imagination through his socialist essays and fiction.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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