1,721,118 research outputs found
Verfassungsgerichte in Westafrika: unabhängige Krisenmanager?
Full text linkAm 15. November 2013 verkündete der Oberste Gerichtshof Guineas das endgültige Ergebnis der Parlamentswahlen vom 28. September. Der Gerichtshof war während der Transitionsphase mit der Kontrolle der Wahlen betraut. Er wurde heftig kritisiert und seine Unabhängigkeit wurde angezweifelt. Das Parlament hat nun den Auftrag, die Transitionsphase abzuschließen und ein unabhängiges Verfassungsgericht einzurichten, das Verlauf und Ergebnisse künftiger Wahlen prüfen wird. Alle ehemaligen Kolonien Frankreichs in Westafrika haben seit den Jahren der politischen Wende 1989/90 eigenständige Verfassungsgerichte eingerichtet. Ihre formale Organisation und Aufgabenstellung ist in hohem Maß vom politischen Kräfteverhältnis zum Zeitpunkt ihrer Einrichtung abhängig. Verfassungsgerichte sind auch politische Akteure. Sie können eine wichtige Rolle beim Zusammenwirken der Staatsgewalten spielen und damit zur Stabilität des politischen Systems beitragen. Der internationale Kontext hat in Westafrika zur Einrichtung eigenständiger Verfassungsgerichte nach französischem Vorbild geführt. Ob die neuen Verfassungsgerichte unabhängiger von der jeweiligen Regierung sind als das (damalige) französische Modell, ist von innenpolitischen Faktoren abhängig. Die faktische Rolle von Verfassungsgerichten in einem demokratischen Kontext wird durch die formale Stärke oder Schwäche der Institution beeinflusst, aber auch von historischen Erfahrungen. Die Politik bei der Ernennung der Richter ist zentral für die Stärkung der Rolle von Verfassungsgerichten beim Management politischer Krisen. Abgesehen von den formalen Regelungen können Verfassungsgerichte nur unter der Bedingung eines dauerhaft lebendigen politischen Wettbewerbs unabhängig bleiben
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The Power of Proximity: Strategic Decisions in African Party Politics
Full text linkRecent publications suggest that exclusively ethnoregional parties are as rare in sub- Saharan Africa as elsewhere. At the same time, the idea that ethnicity is a very special feature of African party politics persists. The paper acknowledges the general relevance of ethnicity in party competition but emphasizes the level on which it becomes important. It develops a microbehavioral approach which pays particular attention to the strategic choices of party elites in order to supplement the dominant structuralist thinking in party research on Africa. An in-depth evaluation of detailed election data from Burkina Faso shows that strategies which rely on personal proximity between the voter and the candidates influence the parties’ success to a great extent. Parties maximize their chances of winning seats if they concentrate their limited resources on the home localities of leading party members. Hence, African party politics are less dependent on ethnic demography than is often implied but more open to change through elite behavior.political parties, Burkina Faso, elections, local mobilization, resource efficiency, son of the soil
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
