1,720,991 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Digital preservation : preservation planning in the OAIS model
Get PDFDigital objects have become the dominant way that we create, shape, and exchange information. They form a central part of our economy, and are becoming increasingly important for a longer period of time. The ever-growing heterogeneity and complexity of digital object formats together with rapid technological changes turn the preservation of digital information into a pressing challenge. The challenge is to keep electronic data accessible, viewable, and usable for the future, to ensure the survival of our digital artifacts when the original software or hardware to interpret them correctly becomes unavailable.A reference model for an archival system dedicated to preserving and maintaining access to digital information over the long term was published in 1999 by the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS). In 2003 the Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS) was adopted as ISO 14721:2003. The primary goal of an OAIS is to preserve information for a designated community over an indefinite period of time. In the community of digital preservation the OAIS model has been widely accepted as a key standard reference model for archival systems.Digital Preservation - the process of keeping electronic material accessible and usable for a certain period of time - has turned into one of the most pressing challenges within the field of digital repositories. A range of tools exists today to support the variety of preservation strategies such as migration or emulation.Yet, different preservation requirements across institutions and settings make the decision on which solution to implement very difficult. The Planets Preservation Planning approach allows the evaluation of all kinds of preservation actions against individual requirements and the selection of the most suitable solution. It enforces the explicit definition of preservation requirements and supports the appropriate documentation and evaluation by assisting in the process of running preservation experiments.This master thesis shows the Planets Preservation Planning approach in relation to the OAIS reference model. It examines the information flows in the OAIS Preservation Planning entity and with other functional entities. This work presents trigger events for preservation planning activities and the according information flow in the OAIS model. It further shows the implementation of the Develop Preservation Strategies and Standards function of the Preservation Planning functional entity through the Planets Planning approach. Moreover, the concept of a Knowledge Database is introduced and the planning approach is analysed in relation to Trustworthy Repositories Audit & Certification: Criteria and Checklist (TRAC) and Catalogue of Criteria for Trusted Digital Repositories from Nestor.Wesentliche Teile unseres kulturelles Erbe wie auch wirtschaftlich oder rechtliche wichtige Informationen liegen immer häufiger ausschließlich in elektronischer Form vor. Auch abseits von Museen, Bibliotheken und Archiven wächst die Zahl von Institutionen aus unterschiedlichen Bereichen, die die Notwendigkeit erkennen, digitale Informationen langfristig zu bewahren.Die rasante Entwicklung von Software und Hardware, vor allem aber von Datenformaten gefährdet die langfristige Verwendbarkeit von digitalen Objekten. Digitale Langzeitarchivierung ist in den letzten Jahren zu einem aktiven Forschungsgebiet geworden, in dem Lösungsansätze für die langfristige Archivierung von digitalen Informationen untersucht werden. Das Hauptaugenmerk der Forschung für Langzeitarchivierungsstrategien liegt auf Migration und Emulation von digitalen Objekten.Die Auswahl von geeigneten Strategien und der verwendeten Werkzeuge für eine spezifische Sammlung von Objekten ist ein komplexe Aufgabe, die von den spezifischen Anforderungen einer Situation abhängig ist. Im Planets Projekt wurde eine Planungsmethode entwickelt, mit der eine objektive, nachvollziehbare und wiederholbare Bewertung von unterschiedlichen Strategien und Werkzeugen für spezifischen Anforderungen durchgeführt werden kann.Das OAIS Modell stellt ein Referenzmodell für ein Archivierungssystem dar, mit dem primären Ziel, Informationen für eine ausgewiesene Zielgruppe für unbestimmte Zeit zu erhalten. Im Bereich der digitaler Bibliotheken bildet das Modell ein Standardreferenzmodell und wurde 2003 als ISO Standard 14721:2003 aufgenommen. Etliche Entwicklungen für Archivierungslösungen basieren auf diesem Modell, aber keine dieser Entwicklungen besitzt eine klare Vorgehensweise für das Evaluieren und Auswählen von Langzeitarchivierungsstrategien.In dieser Arbeit wurde die Plantes Planungsmethode in Beziehung zum OAIS Modell gesetzt. Die Informationsflüsse zwischen den einzelnen Schritten der Planungsmethode und den Einheiten des OAIS Modells werden aufgezeigt. Ereignisse im Umfeld eines Archives, die eine Planung von neuen Strategien oder die Überprüfung von existierenden Strategien erfordern, werden in dieser Arbeit aufgezeigt. Die notwendigen Planungsaktivitäten werden beschrieben und die Auswirkungen von neuen oder veränderten Lösungsstrategien für digitale Sammlungen werden anhand der Planungsmethode und des OAIS Modells aufgezeigt. Das Konzept einer Wissenbasis zur Unterstützung der Bewertung von Archivierungsstrategien wird präsentiert. Zudem wird untersucht, inwiefern Audit und Zertifizeriungskriteren anhand von zwei Katalogen (TRAC und Nestor) durch die Planets Planungsmethode unterstützt werden
(Semi-)Automated digital preservation archives for small institutions and private users
Get PDFLarge heritage institutions have been addressing the demands posed by digital preservation needs for some time. In contrast small institutions and private users are less prepared to handle these challenges. An increasing quantity of digital collections is held by small institution with limited know-how and awareness of digital preservation. Digital assets are becoming more important for an increasing number of institutions in the long run (e.g. legal obligation, intellectual property or business data). The limited resource in these institutions for archiving drives the need for new approaches of (fully or semi)-automated archiving systems. Research and development in the area of digital preservation is mainly done by memory institutions and large businesses. Consequently, the available tools, services and models are developed to meet the demands of professional environments.
Automated archiving systems are needed for institutions with little professional know how in digital preservation. Important aspects are hiding the complexity of the processes, providing support for decision making and automated error handling. The automation of preservation workflows raises a number of research questions, e.g. metadata management, quality assurance and tolerable limit of loss of preservation actions and automated preservation planning
(Semi-)Automated digital preservation archives for small institutions and private users
No full textLarge heritage institutions have been addressing the demands posed by digital preservation needs for some time. In contrast small institutions and private users are less prepared to handle these challenges. An increasing quantity of digital collections is held by small institution with limited know-how and awareness of digital preservation. Digital assets are becoming more important for an increasing number of institutions in the long run (e.g. legal obligation, intellectual property or business data). The limited resource in these institutions for archiving drives the need for new approaches of (fully or semi)-automated archiving systems. Research and development in the area of digital preservation is mainly done by memory institutions and large businesses. Consequently, the available tools, services and models are developed to meet the demands of professional environments. Automated archiving systems are needed for institutions with little professional know how in digital preservation. Important aspects are hiding the complexity of the processes, providing support for decision making and automated error handling. The automation of preservation workflows raises a number of research questions, e.g. metadata management, quality assurance and tolerable limit of loss of preservation actions and automated preservation planning
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