1,720,984 research outputs found
Cytokine-Induced Igf-I Resistance in Progenitor Muscle Cells
No full text133 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2005.Cell growth and development are regulated by a complex network of interactions between the endocrine and immune systems. IGF-I is a critical anabolic factor that promotes growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle. Conversely, elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines are associated with reduced anabolic activity of IGF-I and increased loss of muscle mass that occurs during aging and more prominently in cachectic AIDS and cancer patients. The loss of critical muscle mass limits mobility, decreases the quality of life and is closely associated with mortality independent of other parameters. Despite the widespread manifestations of wasting conditions, no specific targets and treatments to ameliorate the symptoms of these conditions have been identified. Here we show that low, physiologically relevant concentrations of TNFalpha and IL-1beta suppress the ability of IGF-I to induce global protein synthesis and expression of myogenic transcription factors that are needed for differentiation of murine progenitor muscle cells. We significantly extend these results by showing that cytokine-induced IGF-I resistance in myoblasts is mediated by activation of ceramide generating pathways, including N-SMase, A-SMase and de novo ceramide synthesis. The blockers of all three pathways suppress the ability of TNFalpha and IL-1beta to inhibit IGF-I-induced protein synthesis and expression of myogenic transcription factors, myogenin and MyoD. Furthermore we show that JNK is a key downstream intermediate by which TNFalpha and ceramide inhibit the IGF-I myogenic activity. TNFalpha, C2-ceramide and N-SMase potently induce JNK enzymatic activity. Active JNK associates with IRS-1, and this is a possible mechanism by which TNFalpha, and C2-ceramide, suppress the IGF-I-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1. Indeed, a novel peptide inhibitor of JNK (I-JNK), potently suppressed JNK enzymatic activity and the ability of TNFalpha to inhibit tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1. More importantly, I-JNK suppresses the ability of TNFalpha, C2-ceramide and N-SMase to inhibit IGF-I-induced expression of myogenin. I-JNK also prevented the TNFalpha inhibition of IGF-I-induced expression of a marker of differentiation, MHC. Collectively these results demonstrate that JNK is a key downstream intermediate by which TNFalpha and C2-ceramide induce resistance to IGF-I anabolic activity in progenitor muscle cells.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD
Analysis and improvement of road safety on roads and crossroads in the village of Matena
Get PDFV diplomski nalogi analiziram cestne odseke in križišča v vasi ter navedem možne ukrepe in rekonstrukcijo za izboljšanje prometne varnosti. S pomočjo inšpekcijskega pregleda cest in odsekov opišem problematiko ranljivejših udeležencev v prometu ter določim kritične točke, ki jih je potrebno v nadaljevanju odpraviti. Na koncu s pomočjo tehničnih specifikacij in raznih standardov cestnega prometa predlagam rešitve za odpravo posameznih napak oziroma pomanjkljivosti, ter te rešitve prikažem na grafičnih podlagah.In the diploma thesis I analyze the road sections and intersections in the village and indicate the possible measures and reconstruction to improve traffic safety. By inspecting roads and sections, I will describe the problem of more vulnerable road users and determine the critical points that need to be resolved in the future. Finally, with the help of tehnical specifications and various standards for road traffic, I propose solutions to eliminate individual errors or deficiencies, and these solutions show up on the graphic bases
Cytokine-Induced Igf-I Resistance in Progenitor Muscle Cells
No full textCell growth and development are regulated by a complex network of interactions between the endocrine and immune systems. IGF-I is a critical anabolic factor that promotes growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle. Conversely, elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines are associated with reduced anabolic activity of IGF-I and increased loss of muscle mass that occurs during aging and more prominently in cachectic AIDS and cancer patients. The loss of critical muscle mass limits mobility, decreases the quality of life and is closely associated with mortality independent of other parameters. Despite the widespread manifestations of wasting conditions, no specific targets and treatments to ameliorate the symptoms of these conditions have been identified. Here we show that low, physiologically relevant concentrations of TNFalpha and IL-1beta suppress the ability of IGF-I to induce global protein synthesis and expression of myogenic transcription factors that are needed for differentiation of murine progenitor muscle cells. We significantly extend these results by showing that cytokine-induced IGF-I resistance in myoblasts is mediated by activation of ceramide generating pathways, including N-SMase, A-SMase and de novo ceramide synthesis. The blockers of all three pathways suppress the ability of TNFalpha and IL-1beta to inhibit IGF-I-induced protein synthesis and expression of myogenic transcription factors, myogenin and MyoD. Furthermore we show that JNK is a key downstream intermediate by which TNFalpha and ceramide inhibit the IGF-I myogenic activity. TNFalpha, C2-ceramide and N-SMase potently induce JNK enzymatic activity. Active JNK associates with IRS-1, and this is a possible mechanism by which TNFalpha, and C2-ceramide, suppress the IGF-I-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1. Indeed, a novel peptide inhibitor of JNK (I-JNK), potently suppressed JNK enzymatic activity and the ability of TNFalpha to inhibit tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1. More importantly, I-JNK suppresses the ability of TNFalpha, C2-ceramide and N-SMase to inhibit IGF-I-induced expression of myogenin. I-JNK also prevented the TNFalpha inhibition of IGF-I-induced expression of a marker of differentiation, MHC. Collectively these results demonstrate that JNK is a key downstream intermediate by which TNFalpha and C2-ceramide induce resistance to IGF-I anabolic activity in progenitor muscle cells.Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T21:08:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2005Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 84866
Lift date: Forever
Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsU of I Only133 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2005
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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