1,720,959 research outputs found
Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure alone or an open-lung approach on recruited lung volumes and respiratory mechanics of mechanically ventilated horses
No full textObjective: To evaluate the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) alone and PEEP preceded by lung recruitment manoeuvre (LRM) on lung volumes and respiratory system mechanics in healthy horses undergoing general anaesthesia. Study design: Controlled, prospective clinical study. Animals: A group of 15 horses undergoing arthroscopy. Methods: Following anaesthetic induction, initial ventilatory settings were: tidal volume 15 mL kg–1, inspiratory:expiratory ratio 1:2, respiratory rate to maintain end-tidal CO2 between 5.3–6.6 kPa (40–50 mmHg). The following settings were implemented sequentially: zero PEEP (ZEEP); PEEP 10 cmH2O (PEEP); LRM (50 cmH2O for 20 seconds) followed by 10 cmH2O of PEEP (LRM + PEEP). Static compliance (Cst), driving pressure, delta end-expiratory (ΔEELV) and recruited lung volumes (RLV) were obtained 30 minutes after initiating each ventilatory strategy. Data were analyzed with paired t test or analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation; p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: PEEP induced ΔEELV of 6.68 ± 3.36 mL kg–1; ΔEELV during LRM + PEEP was 14.28 ± 5.59 mL kg–1 (p < 0.0001). The RLV was greater during the LRM + PEEP phase (12.30 ± 5.85 mL kg–1) than during PEEP (4.47 ± 3.97 mL kg–1; p < 0.0001). The Cst was unchanged from ZEEP to PEEP (0.75 ± 0.21 and 0.85 ± 0.22 mL cmH2O−1 kg–1, respectively, p = 0.36) but increased using LRM + PEEP (1.11 ± 0.25 mL cmH2O−1 kg–1, p = 0.0004). Driving pressure was lower during LRM + PEEP than during PEEP and ZEEP (16 ± 2, 19 ± 2 and 21 ± 4 cmH2O, respectively, p < 0.0001). Conclusions and clinical relevance: Unlike PEEP alone, PEEP preceded by LRM increased RLV and Cst and reduced driving pressure in horses under anaesthesia. © 2019 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesi
Low Respiratory Rate Plus Minimally Invasive Extracorporeal Co-2 Removal Decreases Systemic and Pulmonary Inflammatory Mediators in Experimental Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
No full textObjective: The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network protocol recommends limiting tidal volume and plateau pressure; it also recommends increasing respiratory rate to prevent hypercapnia. We tested a strategy that combines the low tidal volume with lower respiratory rates and minimally invasive Co-2 removal. Subjects: Ten lung-damaged pigs (instilled hydrochloride). Interventions: Two conditions randomly applied in a crossover fashion: the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network protocol and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network protocol plus lower respiratory rate plus minimally invasive Co-2 removal. A similar arterial Co-2 partial pressure was targeted in the two conditions. Measurements and Main Results: Physiological parameters, computed tomography scans, plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage concentrations of interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, interleukin-18, and tumor necrosis factor-. During the lower respiratory rate condition, respiratory rate was reduced from 30.5 3.8 to 14.2 +/- 3.5 (p < 0.01) breaths/min and minute ventilation from 10.4 +/- 1.6 to 4.9 +/- 1.7 L/min (p < 0.01). The extracorporeal device removed 38.9% +/- 6.1% (79.9 +/- 18.4 mL/min) of Co-2 production. During the lower respiratory rate condition, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor- concentrations were significantly lower in plasma; interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor- concentrations were lower in bronchoalveolar lavage, whereas the concentrations of the other cytokines remained unchanged. Conclusion: The strategy of lower respiratory rate plus minimally invasive extracorporeal Co-2 removal was feasible and safe and, as compared with the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network protocol, reduced the concentrations of some, but not all, of the tested cytokines without affecting respiratory mechanics, gas exchange, and hemodynamics
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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