47,534 research outputs found
A Methodology to Investigate Skin-Stringer Separation in Postbuckled Composite Stiffened Panels
No full textA methodology is presented to investigate and improve the strength and damage tolerance of stiffened composite panels used in aerospace structures subjected to postbuckling deformation. These structural panels have the capability to operate in the postbuckling field, but the possible interaction between the postbuckling deformation and the damage initiation and propagation is yet to be fully understood. The developed methodology considers single-stringer specimens representative of stiffened panels to analyze skin-stringer separation. In this paper single-stringer specimens are studied in a four-point twisting configuration in order to investigate the region of maximum twisting, where the separation between the skin and the stiffener can initiate. A new test set-up is presented that recreates the four-point layout that can trigger separation due to twisting. The applied methodology shows that it is possible to mimic the out-of-plane buckling deformation of a large panel and study this numerically and experimentally through a single-stringer specimen.Aerospace Structures & Computational Mechanic
Eoplinthicus yazooensis Cappetta & Stringer 2002
No full textEoplinthicus yazooensis Cappetta & Stringer, 2002 Fig. 54 Eoplinthicus yazooensis Cappetta & Stringer, 2002: 51–56, pl. 1. Material examined UNITED STATES OF AMERICA – Alabama • 1 isolated tooth; Claiborne Group; ALMNH PV1985.35.65. Description A single median tooth is represented in our sample. Tooth is very wide, but labiolingually thin, sixsided. Occlusal surface concave across nearly the entire width; occlusal surface outlined by a sharp, irregular rim. In oral view, crown is conspicuously smaller in area than the crown base. Labial crown face concave, with lower half projecting labially and upper half nearly vertical. Lingual face vertical and straight, slight lingual projection at the crown foot. Very base of lingual crown bears weak transverse ridge immediately above the root. All crown faces with coarse ornamentation of vertical anastomosing and interconnected ridges that become finer apically. Polyaulocorhize root as high as the crown. Labial and lingual faces nearly vertical; 13 narrow lobes are separated by 12 nutritive grooves. Remarks When originally described, Eoplinthicus was not directly differentiated from Burnhamia, possibly because the two genera were not known to co-occur within the Yazoo Clay (Cappetta & Stringer 2002). However, both Eoplinthicus and Burnhamia were collected from the upper Gosport Sand (see above), and a differential diagnosis is provided here. Eoplinthicus yazooensis is now known from three teeth (including two from the Yazoo Clay), all of which can be distinguished from Burnhamia by having an occlusal surface that is significantly smaller in area than the crown base. In contrast, the occlusal surface on Burnhamia teeth is equal to, or only slightly smaller in area than, the crown base. Additionally, the lower half of the labial face of E. yazooensis is broadly rounded, whereas on Burnhamia the labial crown foot is developed into a sharp horizontal or basally directed projection. In profile, the lateral angles of E. yazooensis are not as sharply defined as observed on Burnhamia. Also, the occlusal surface of E. yazooensis bears a series of fine labiolingually oriented striations, as opposed to a somewhat reticulated network of ridges on the oral surface of Burnhamia teeth. The labial margin on E. yazooensis is less sharply defined than Burnhamia, which has a sharp six-sided outline in occlusal view. Cappetta & Stringer (2002) implied that Eoplinthicus was a direct descendant of Burnhamia, but this theory must be further examined in light of the discovery that these taxa were coeval within the Gosport Sand paleoenvironment. A second Eoplinthicus species, E. underwoodi Adnet et al. 2012, has been reported from middle-toupper Eocene strata in Africa. This species differs from E. yazooensis in being smaller in size (with six root lamellae) and by having less developed crown ornamentation. Stratigraphic and geographic range in Alabama The lone specimen in our sample was collected from the upper Gosport Sand at site ACh-21. Middle Bartonian, Zone NP17. Batomorphii indet. Fig. 55 Material examined UNITED STATES OF AMERICA – Alabama • 3 isolated teeth; Claiborne Group; MSC 37675.1–2, SC 2012.47.154. Description Teeth do not exceed 2 mm in crown height. Upper one-half to two-thirds of crown formed into laterally compressed, vertical to slightly lingually curving cusp. Lower one-third to one-half of crown wider, shelf-like laterally and lingually, with labial crown foot developed into small, divergent projections. Labial projections separated by shallow to deep medial embayment. Lingual crown foot straight or with weakly developed medial notch. Crown with trapezoidal to square outline in oral view, but more triangular in profile. Root located at lingual half of crown, bilobate with wide nutritive groove, extends past the lingual crown foot. Remarks The crown on these teeth is distinctive for their tall, laterally compressed cusp, conspicuous, diverging basal labial projections and roughly square oral outline. Although similar to teeth of Jacquhermania and the male teeth of “ Dasyatis ” described herein, the three teeth in our sample differ significantly in having a laterally compressed cusp that lacks lateral cutting edges. In addition, male teeth of “ Dasyatis ” bear ornamentation of various types (see above). Although the specimens are morphologically comparable to, and within the size range of, most members of the Torpedinidae, particularly Torpedo, the Lisbon specimens differ from all Recent and fossil Torpedinidae, except Eotorpedo, in lacking distinctive lateral cutting edges extending from the cusp apex to nearly the crown base (Cappetta 1988; Herman et al. 2002). Eotorpedo White, 1935 can have a cusp similar to the Lisbon specimens described above, as well as labial projections separated by a deep embayment and a notch at the lingual crown foot. A significant difference between the Lisbon specimens and these two species of Eotorpedo is the lack of a basal transverse crest on the Alabama teeth. Some specimens identified as Eotorpedo, including Eotorpedo nolfi Herman, 1974 (Herman 1974: fig. 1, a-c) and Eotorpedo jaekeli (Case, 1994) (see Case 1994a) may in fact be Jacquhermania (Cappetta 2012; Cappetta & Case 2016). It is possible that the Claibornian specimens described above represent juvenile teeth of Jacquhermania, but to our knowledge this morphology has not previously been attributed to this genus. Additional, more complete, specimens are needed to more accurately identify this morphology. Stratigraphic and geographic range in Alabama The specimens in our sample were collected from the basal Lisbon Formation at site ACov-11. Lower Lutetian, Zone NP15.Published as part of Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L., 2019, Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, pp. 1-274 in European Journal of Taxonomy 585 on pages 147-149, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.585, http://zenodo.org/record/366025
Evolution of Unstable Skin-Stringer Debonding Propagation in Composite Aircraft Structures: Implications on Damage Tolerant Design
No full textInterlaminar damages are a key challenge that limits the widespread use of composite materials in aircraft primary structural parts. Although years have already passed since the introduction of these materials, unstable propagation of delamination damage is still the base for evaluating the durability and reliability of structures made of composite laminates. In this paper, the unsteady and sudden propagation of skin-stringer debonding in a typical aircraft composite panel is investigated. Experimental tests and advanced finite element simulations have been performed to assess the evolution of debonding under compressive loading conditions. Fibre-reinforced composite panels, reinforced with a single T-shape stringer and characterized by artificial debonding at the interface between skin and stringer, have been experimentally tested and numerically analysed. The test output has revealed unstable growth of the debonding, with implications for the structural stability of the panels. The experimental results have been then compared with numerical simulations performed by using the Virtual Crack Closure Technique based SMart-time XB numerical procedure and excellent correlation have been found in terms of strain measurements against compressive load
Design and Analysis of Composite Panels
No full textEuropean aircraft industry demands for reduced development and operating costs, by 20% and 50% in the short and long term, respectively. Contributions to this aim are provided by the completed project POSICOSS (5thFP) and the running follow-up project COCOMAT (6thFP), both supported by the European Commission. As an important contribution to cost reduction a decrease in structural weight can be reached by exploiting considerable
reserves in primary fibre composite fuselage structures through an accurate and reliable simulation of postbuckling up to collapse. The POSICOSS team developed fast procedures for postbuckling analysis of stiffened fibre composite panels, created comprehensive experimental data bases and derived design guidelines. COCOMAT builds up on the POSICOSS results
and considers in addition the simulation of collapse by taking degradation into account. The results comprise an extended experimental data base, degradation models, improved certification and design tools as well as design guidelines.
The projects POSICOSS and COCOMAT develop improved tools which are validated by experimental results obtained during the projects. Because the new tools must consider a wide range of different aspects a lot of different structures had to be tested. These structures were designed under different design objectives. For the design process the consortium applied already
available simulation tools and brought in their own design experience. This paper deals with the design process within both projects and the analysis procedure applied within this task. It focuses on the experience of DLR on the design and analysis of stringer stiffened CFRP panels gained in the frame of these projects
Fig. 24. Hemipristis curvatus Dames, 1883, teeth. A–C. MSC 2377 in Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths
No full textFig. 24. Hemipristis curvatus Dames, 1883, teeth. A–C. MSC 2377, lower anterior tooth, Gosport Sand. A. Labial view. B. Lingual view. C. Mesial view. D–F. ALMNH PV1994.4.220, upper lateral tooth, Gosport Sand. D. Labial view. E. Lingual view. F. Mesial view. G–I. ALMNH PV1994.4.221, upper lateral tooth, Gosport Sand. G. Labial view. H. Lingual view. I. Mesial view. J–L. ALMNH PV1994.4.189, lower lateral tooth, Gosport Sand. J. Labial view. K. Lingual view. L. Mesial view. Scale bars = 5 mm.Published as part of Ebersole, Jun A., Cicimurri, David J. & Stringer, Gary L., 2019, Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, pp. 1-274 in European Journal of Taxonomy 585 on page 66, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.585, http://zenodo.org/record/366025
Erratum to: Effect of moderate red wine intake on cardiac prognosis after recent acute myocardial infarction of subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Diabetic Medicine, (2006), 23, 9, (974-981), 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01886.x)
No full textIn an article by Marfella et al, the author name C. Saron is incorrect and should be listed as C. Sardu. Therefore the correct author list is: R. Marfella, F. Cacciapuoti, M. Siniscalchi, F. C. Sasso, F. Marchese, F. Cinone, E. Musacchio, M. A. Marfella, L. Ruggiero, G. Chiorazzo, D. Liberti, G. Chiorazzo, G. F. Nicoletti, C. Sardu, F. D'Andrea, C. Ammendola, M. Verza and L. Coppola.In an article by Marfella et al, the author name C. Saron is incorrect and should be listed as C. Sardu. Therefore the correct author list is: R. Marfella, F. Cacciapuoti, M. Siniscalchi, F. C. Sasso, F. Marchese, F. Cinone, E. Musacchio, M. A. Marfella, L. Ruggiero, G. Chiorazzo, D. Liberti, G. Chiorazzo, G. F. Nicoletti, C. Sardu, F. D'Andrea, C. Ammendola, M. Verza and L. Coppola
The Use of Objective and Subjective Measures: Implications for Incentive System Design
No full textThis study examines the question, is the use of subjective measures an ex post adjustment of objective measures to take into account three types of risk: target difficulty (after controlling for budget loss), shared risk (after controlling for business unit strategy) and downside risk? We examine this question using data from a sample of 522 managers and professionals in period 0 (and 434 in period 1) from a large Australasian corporation over a two year period. Period 0 is a pre shock period and period 1 is a post shock period. We find that for the overall two years that the subjective is an upward adjustment to the objective to take into account: (1) target difficulty, the spread between upper limit and lower limit of unit performance; (2) shared risk, that is organizational interdependencies; and (3) downside risk, which is the opportunity loss function that the employees faced in not meeting the maximum bonus allowed.
However, in examining the pre shock period and post shock period, the results indicate that the subjective evaluation has been used differently for each period for two type of risk (target difficulty, shared risk). (1) With regard to target difficulty for the pre shock period, the subjective makes an upward adjustment to the objective; but for the post shock, the subjective makes a downward adjustment. One plausible explanation is that during the post shock, quite a few managers and professionals were already on the maximum of the objective measures (given that there may have been gamesmanship at setting targets and upper limits for an anticipated poor economic period). Therefore, the subjective can be a downward adjustment to reflect this gamesmanship. (2) In regard to shared risk (the percentage of transfer revenues), for the pre shock period the subjective was a downward adjustment, while for the post shock period the subjective adjustment is an upward adjustment to the objective measure. This implies that for the pre shock or times of economic stability, the subjective could be used to reduce some of the free rider challenges that face incentive systems. Conversely for the post shock period, or during times of economic instability, the subjective adjustment is to encourage resource sharing and greater coordination and communication. Overall, our results indicate that the subjective measure is used as an ex post adjustment to the objective measure. This could be in response to flaws in the objective (financial) performance measures as subjective measures as this enables other factors to be taken into account.UnpublishedNon Peer ReviewedAlchian, A. and Demsetz, H. (1972). Production, Information Costs and Economic Organization, The American Economic Review, 62 (5), p.777-795). Anthony, R. and Govindarajan, V. (2007), Management Control Systems, 12th Edition, Irwin, Singapore. Arvey, R.D. and Murphy, K.R. (1998). Performance Evaluation in Work Settings, Annual Review of Psychology, 49, p. 141-68. Arya, A., Fellingham, J., and Glover, J., (1997). Teams, repeated tasks, and implicit incentives. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 23, p.7-30.
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Clermont Ambulance Committee, (bareheaded), Clermont, Queensland, ca. 1920 [picture] /
No full textAccompanied by photographic print.; Condition: Dirty, scratched, emulsion lift.; Glass negative no. 139.; Part of the Gordon Cumming Pullar collection of glass negatives of Clermont, Yeppoon and nearby locations, Queensland, ca. 1905-1932.; Photograph no. 211 in the book A shifting town : glass-plate images of Clermont and its people.; The ladies of the social committee with the first ambulance, an Overlander; Clermont Ambulance Centre was established in 1920; back row, l to r: Mrs Hooper, Mrs Castle, Mrs Barraclough, Mrs C. Jansen, Mrs Nugent, Mrs Hauenschild, Mr Whittington (superintendent), Mrs Fred Peterson, Mrs Watson; front row: Miss Kath Nugent, Miss Alice Hodges, Miss Rose Harris, Miss Julia Hodges. .; Also available in an electronic version via the internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-vn4191876; Published in: A shifting town : glass-plate images of Clermont and its people / by G.C. Pullar ; compiled by Richard and Marguerite Stringer ; text by Marguerite Stringer. St. Lucia, Qld. : University of Queensland Press, 1986
Clermont Ambulance Committee, Clermont, Queensland, ca. 1920 [picture] /
No full textAccompanied by photographic print.; Glass negative no. 313.; Part of the Gordon Cumming Pullar collection of glass negatives of Clermont, Yeppoon and nearby locations, Queensland, ca. 1905-1932.; Photograph no. 212 in the book A shifting town : glass-plate images of Clermont and its people.; The ladies of the social committee with the first ambulance, an Overlander; Clermont Ambulance Centre was established in 1920; back row, l to r: Mrs Hooper, Mrs Castle, Mrs Barraclough, Mrs C. Jansen, Mrs Nugent, Mrs Hauenschild, Mr Whittington (superintendent), Mrs Fred Peterson, Mrs Watson; front row: Miss Kath Nugent, Miss Alice Hodges, Miss Rose Harris, Miss Julia Hodges. .; Also available in an electronic version via the internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-vn4192043; Published in: A shifting town : glass-plate images of Clermont and its people / by G.C. Pullar ; compiled by Richard and Marguerite Stringer ; text by Marguerite Stringer. St. Lucia, Qld. : University of Queensland Press, 1986
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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