1,720,956 research outputs found
Mean flow structure in thermal convection in a cylindrical cell of aspect ratio one half
No full textIn this paper we propose a simple model that, by comparing different time scales, allows a prediction for the mean flow structure and its dynamics in confined thermal convection in a cylindrical cell of aspect ratio (diameter over cell height) . It is shown that the break-up of the mean elongated recirculation into two counter-rotating unity-aspect-ratio rolls, sometimes referred to as flow bimodality, occurs only in a narrow range of Rayleigh numbers whose extrema depend on the Prandtl number. The predictions of the present model are consistent with the published literature, according to which the dual mean flow structure has been observed in numerical simulations at and experiments in gaseous helium () but never in water at ‘ambient’ temperature () and only once in water at C (). Another prediction of the model is that the thermal properties of the sidewall affect the mean flow unsteadiness and, sometimes, prevent transitions via a subtle anchoring mechanism that has been identified and verified by ad hoc numerical simulations
Turbulent thermal convection over grooved plates
No full textDirect numerical simulations of thermal convection over grooved plates are presented and discussed, in comparison with the standard flat-plate case, in order to gain a better understanding of the altered near-wall dynamics and of the enhancement of the heat transfer. The simulations are performed in a cylindrical cell of aspect-ratio (diameter over cell height) Γ = 1/2 at fixed Prandtl number Pr = 0.7 with the Rayleigh number Ra ranging from 2 × 10^6 to 2 × 10^11. The results show an increase of heat transfer, or in non-dimensional form the Nusselt number Nu when the mean thermal boundary-layer thickness becomes smaller than the groove height, in agreement with earlier experimental investigations available from the literature. The present increase, however, results in a steeper power law of the Nu vs. Ra law rather than a simple upward shift of the Nu law of the flat plate. This finding agrees with some studies, but it is at variance with others. Possible causes for this difference are discussed with the help of an electrical analogy
Turbulent thermal convection over rough surfaces
No full textConvective heat transport has important applications in engineering and meteorology and a better understanding of heat transport phenomena would lead to improvements in technological applications such as cooling of thermal machines and micro-electronic components or cooling during a metallurgical fusion. It would also improve the prediction of geophysical motions in oceans and atmosphere. The use of rough surfaces is a way to enhance the heat flux. The interaction between the main shear flow and the rough surface creates secondary vortices that enhance the detachment of thermal plumes from the tip of the rough elements. In this work numerical simulations are conducted in a cylindrical cell heated from below and cooled from above in presence of rough surfaces. A comparison of Rayleigh versus Nusselt number scaling between rough surfaces and smooth ones shows enhanced heat fluxes. The flow is solved using a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the three dimensional unsteady Navier Stokes equations with the Boussinesq approximation and an immersed boundary approach is used for the treatment of rough surfaces
Transitional regimes and rotation effects in Rayleigh–Bénard convection in a slender cylindrical cell
No full textIn this paper we analyze transitional regimes and mean flow structures for the thermally driven convective flow in a cylindrical cell of aspect-ratio (diameter over cell height) Γ=1/2. The investigation is carried out through the numerical integration of the three-dimensional unsteady Navier–Stokes equations with the Boussinesq approximation. In particular the critical Rayleigh numbers for the onset of convection, for the unsteady, chaotic and turbulent regimes are computed for two values of the Prandtl number and comparisons with cylindrical cells of larger aspect-ratio are performed. The effect of the background rotation on the flow dynamics is also described showing that the heat transfer increase, already evidenced in the literature, is only obtained for a range of rotation rates. The rotation can enhance or inhibit the heat transfer and, at low Rayleigh numbers, it is a very effective way to inhibit vertical motions and to prevent horizontal thermal gradients. This is highly desirable in solidification and crystal growth processes where thermally induced motions cause material defects and crystal inhomogeneities
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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