1,720,992 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The role of intraepithelial lymphocytes and type 2 immunity for tissue homeostasis and carcinogenesis in the skin
Get PDFThe skin is under constant renewal whilst frequently being exposed to challenges such as physiochemical disruption and ultraviolet-radiation. How homeostatic control is maintained in the tissue alongside protective mechanisms is poorly understood. Among the basal epithelial cells (EC) is a population of resident intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL), which provide host-protective immune surveillance (IS). The mouse epidermis is home to a particular IEL termed the dendritic epidermal T cell (DETC). The induction and functions of IS and type 2 immunity at body barrier surfaces remains enigmatic. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the mechanism(s) by which DETC provide IS and maintain epidermal homeostasis.
I show that DETC communicate with EC via cytokine IL13. Skin EC are activated by DETC-derived IL13, which enables a canonical EC stress response to various topical challenges. In the absence of IL13, or canonical DETC, the skin is significantly impaired with decreased ability to restore its barrier after insult and increased susceptibility to cutaneous carcinogenesis. Mechanistically, IL13 affected the rate of EC movement through the epidermis, which may explain its importance for epidermal integrity and its suppressive effect on skin carcinogenesis. These findings demonstrate that IL13 acts as a molecular bridge between DETC and EC, and that this interaction provides an integrated local tissue response to perturbation of homeostasis. Finally, I also observed that mice lacking canonical DETC had a reduced ability to repair EC DNA damage following acute carcinogen insult; revealing a hitherto unappreciated aspect of IS.
These data support a critical host-defensive role particularly of type 2 immunity in regulating EC tissue homeostasis in multiple settings. Given the considerable and increasing burden of allergic and malignant disease, these data are highly germane to human medicine, and also contribute healthily to the exciting, nascent field studying allergy-cancer interactions; allergooncology.Open Acces
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The role of eosinophils in skin inflammation and carcinogenesis
No full textCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common human cancers. cSCC is often associated with immune dysfunction and skin inflammation plays a prominent role in carcinogenesis. Eosinophils are effector immune cells which have been observed in several human cancers and are associated with tissue inflammation. Here, I explore the role of eosinophils in skin inflammation and cSCC development using murine models. I found that eosinophils were present in both healthy and inflamed skin and accumulated inside cSCC. I demonstrated that skin eosinophilia was dependent on CCR3 and that epidermal hyperplasia, which is a hallmark of skin inflammation, was significantly reduced in mice lacking eosinophils (ΔdblGATA) compared to wildtype (WT) mice. Using an inflammation-driven model of cSCC, I demonstrated that ΔdblGATA mice were significantly less susceptible to carcinogenesis, with delayed onset and overall, less tumour development. To investigate possible mechanisms by which eosinophils could affect skin health, I analysed the bioactive lipidome in healthy, inflamed and tumour skin tissue of WT and ΔdblGATA mice. I found significant alterations in the expression of bioactive lipid mediators between different tissue states in both WT and ΔdblGATA skin and demonstrated that the bioactive lipid mediator profile was significantly regulated by eosinophils. I selected two eosinophil-driven lipid mediators; the pro-resolving mediator protein conjugates in tissue regeneration 1 (PCTR1) and the eosinophil specific mediator Eoxin C4. Topical application of PCTR1 and Eoxin C4 regulated the tissue response to inflammation and reduced tumour growth in WT mice. Tissue eosinophils were further characterised by TempO-seq RNA transcript analysis which showed distinct profiles of skin eosinophils compared to bone marrow and spleen eosinophils. The eosinophil transcriptome was also altered in tumour compared to healthy or inflamed skin. In conclusion, my data suggests a prominent role for skin eosinophils in driving epithelial cell proliferation and tumour outgrowth.Open Acces
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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