99 research outputs found
Acute and Chronic Effects of a High-Intensity Interval Training Shock Microcycle on Cell-Free DNA: A Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textAbstract Background This study aimed to evaluate acute and chronic exercise-induced changes in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) concentrations during a 7-day high-intensity interval training (HIIT) shock microcycle in trained endurance athletes. Thirty-five participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a HIIT-only group (HSM), a HIIT plus low-intensity training group (HSM + LIT), and a control group maintaining regular training. The intervention included 10 HIIT sessions (5 × 4 min at 90–95% maximum heart rate) over 7 days, with HSM + LIT completing an additional 30 min of low-intensity training after each session. Physiological exercise testing (PET) was conducted at baseline, 3-, 7-, and 14-days post-intervention. On days 2 and 7 during the intervention, HIIT sessions were supervised in both morning and afternoon, and venous blood samples were collected at rest, immediately post-exercise, and 30 min post-exercise to measure cfDNA for 90 and 222 bp fragments. Correlations between cfDNA and physiological exercise variables such as peak power output (PPO), running velocity at lactate threshold (LT), and VO₂max were analyzed. Results cfDNA90 (10.4-fold, p < 0.001) and cfDNA222 (12.4-fold, p < 0.001) increased significantly after PET. In addition, cfDNA90 (17.1-fold, p < 0.001) and cfDNA222 (20.2-fold, p < 0.001) increased after HIIT, both remaining significantly elevated 30 min post-HIIT (both p < 0.001). cfDNA90 concentrations were higher in afternoon (22.4-fold) compared to morning HIIT sessions (17.2-fold, p < 0.001). A significant interaction effect was found between group and measurement point for cfDNA90 (p < 0.001) and cfDNA222 (p < 0.001), with higher concentrations in HSM + LIT compared to HSM 30 min post-HIIT. cfDNA90 showed moderate correlations with PPO (r = 0.48, p < 0.001), LT (r = 0.36, p < 0.001) and VO₂max (r = 0.30, p = 0.01). cfDNA222 correlated moderately with VO₂max (r = 0.34, p = 0.001) and slightly with PPO (r = 0.21, p = 0.05). No chronic changes in cfDNA were observed throughout the study period. Conclusions cfDNA is a reliable marker for detecting acute exercise-induced stress. However, the potential of cfDNA for detecting chronic adaptations in short-term, high-intensity interval training settings, such as a HIIT shock cycle, appears limited thus far. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05067426. Registered 05 October 2021—Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05067426 . Graphical AbstractKey Points Acute increases in cfDNA concentrations were observed after physiological exercise testing and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). No chronic cfDNA changes were observed during and after a HIIT shock microcycle. Acute increases in cfDNA concentrations correlated with physiological exercise variables e.g. peak power output, running velocity at lactate threshold and VO2max during acute exercise. Higher increases in cfDNA were found after HIIT compared to physiological exercise testing. Higher increases in cfDNA were found after HIIT in the afternoon compared to morning. Higher increases in cfDNA were observed in males compared to females
How intense is high-intensity interval training? Biomarker responses and associations with training load and fitness
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002428 Austrian Science Fun
Sports Medicine - Open / Training Intensity Distribution of a 7‑Day HIIT Shock Microcycle: Is Time in the “Red Zone” Crucial for Maximizing Endurance Performance? A Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textThe puzzle of monitoring training load in winter sports - A hard nut to crack?
No full textElite winter sports have become increasingly professionalized and commercialized, often accompanied by congested competition schedules. This has brought the topic of load management, i.e., planning, monitoring, and adaptation, enormous attention in the scientific community. In this review, we summarize the general knowledge from various sports about training load and its effects on injuries and illnesses. After outlining the fundamentals of load monitoring, we present common monitoring tools, i.e., neuromuscular performance tests, heart rate measures, blood-based biomarkers, and questionnaires and discuss their potentials and pitfalls in application. Studies have identified training load-related variables, but also other factors such as travelling, previous injuries, or age contributing to the occurrence of illness and injury. Based on our findings, the use of monitoring tools must be context-specific and long-term, considering statistical aspects as well. Promising study designs and future perspectives are finally highlighted, with the general conclusion that there is still a clear need for research on this topic in general and in the field of winter sports in particular
Author and Narrator in Lyric Poetry
No full textHillebrandt C. Author and Narrator in Lyric Poetry. In: Birke D, Köppe T, eds. Author and Narrator. Transdisciplinary contributions to a narratological debate . Linguae & litterae. Vol 48. Berlin: De Gruyter; 2015: 213-233
Integrating Massive Data Streams
No full textData Integration has been a long-standing and challenging problem for enterprises and researchers. Data residing in multiple heterogeneous sources must be integrated and prepared such that the valuable information that it carries, can be extracted and analysed. However, the volume and the velocity of the produced data in addition to the modern business needs for real-time results have pushed data analytics, and therefore data integration, towards data streams. While data integration is a hard problem in and of itself, integrating data streams becomes even more challenging. Streams are characterized by their high velocity, infinite nature and predisposition to concept drift.The goal of this doctoral work is to design and provide scalable methods to support data integration tasks on massive data streams, i.e., support streaming data integration. The aim of this work is threefold. First, we aim at developing and proposing streaming methods to compute temporal stream data-profiles and summaries that can describe the dynamic state of a stream in the course of time. Second, we aim at developing methods and metrics of stream similarity. Those methods and metrics can serve as means to detect similar or complementary streams in a streaming data lake. Finally, we aim at optimizing distributed streaming similarity joins - a very important operation that precedes entity linking and resolution. This paper discusses exciting challenges and open problems in the field, and a research plan on tackling them.Web Information SystemsSoftware Technolog
The 2015 Illapel earthquake, central Chile: A type case for a characteristic earthquake?
No full textOn 16 September 2015, the M-W = 8.2 Illapel megathrust earthquake ruptured the Central Chilean margin. Combining inversions of displacement measurements and seismic waveforms with high frequency (HF) teleseismic backprojection, we derive a comprehensive description of the rupture, which also predicts deep ocean tsunami wave heights. We further determine moment tensors and obtain accurate depth estimates for the aftershock sequence. The earthquake nucleated near the coast but then propagated to the north and updip, attaining a peak slip of 5-6 m. In contrast, HF seismic radiation is mostly emitted downdip of the region of intense slip and arrests earlier than the long period rupture, indicating smooth slip along the shallow plate interface in the final phase. A superficially similar earthquake in 1943 with a similar aftershock zone had a much shorter source time function, which matches the duration of HF seismic radiation in the recent event, indicating that the 1943 event lacked the shallow slip.SCI(E)[email protected]
Training Intensity Distribution of a 7-Day HIIT Shock Microcycle: Is Time in the “Red Zone” Crucial for Maximizing Endurance Performance? A Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textAbstract Background Various studies have shown that the type of intensity measure affects training intensity distribution (TID) computation. These conclusions arise from studies presenting data from meso- and macrocycles, while microcycles, e.g., high-intensity interval training shock microcycles (HIIT-SM) have been neglected so far. Previous literature has suggested that the time spent in the high-intensity zone, i.e., zone 3 (Z3) or the “red zone”, during HIIT may be important to achieve improvements in endurance performance parameters. Therefore, this randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the TID based on running velocity (TIDV), running power (TIDP) and heart rate (TIDHR) during a 7-day HIIT-SM. Twenty-nine endurance-trained participant were allocated to a HIIT-SM consisting of 10 HIIT sessions without (HSM, n = 9) or with (HSM + LIT, n = 9) additional low-intensity training or a control group (n = 11). Moreover, we explored relationships between time spent in Z3 determined by running velocity (Z3V), running power (Z3P), heart rate (Z3HR), oxygen uptake ( Z 3 V ˙ O 2 ) and changes in endurance performance. Results Both intervention groups revealed a polarized pattern for TIDV (HSM: Z1: 38 ± 17, Z2: 16 ± 17, Z3: 46 ± 2%; HSM + LIT: Z1: 59 ± 18, Z2: 14 ± 18, Z3: 27 ± 2%) and TIDP (Z1: 50 ± 8, Z2: 14 ± 11, Z3: 36 ± 7%; Z1: 62 ± 15, Z2: 12 ± 16, Z3: 26 ± 2%), while TIDHR (Z1: 48 ± 13, Z2: 26 ± 11, Z3: 26 ± 7%; Z1: 65 ± 17, Z2: 22 ± 18, Z3: 13 ± 4%) showed a pyramidal pattern. Time in Z3HR was significantly less compared to Z3V and Z3P in both intervention groups (all p < 0.01). There was a time x intensity measure interaction for time in Z3 across the 10 HIIT sessions for HSM + LIT (p < 0.001, pη2 = 0.30). Time in Z3V and Z3P within each single HIIT session remained stable over the training period for both intervention groups. Time in Z3HR declined in HSM from the first (47%) to the last (28%) session, which was more pronounced in HSM + LIT (45% to 16%). A moderate dose–response relationship was found for time in Z3V and changes in peak power output (rs = 0.52, p = 0.028) as well as time trial performance (rs = − 0.47, p = 0.049) with no such associations regarding time in Z3P, Z3HR, and Z 3 V ˙ O 2 . Conclusion The present study reveals that the type of intensity measure strongly affects TID computation during a HIIT-SM. As heart rate tends to underestimate the intensity during HIIT-SM, heart rate-based training decisions should be made cautiously. In addition, time in Z3V was most closely associated with changes in endurance performance. Thus, for evaluating a HIIT-SM, we suggest integrating a comprehensive set of intensity measures. Trial Registration Trial register: Clinicaltrials.gov, registration number: NCT05067426
The model law on intellectual property : the results of the GR UR research project
No full textThe article presents the draft proposal for the comprehensive reform of the German law of intellectual property. The draft Code of Intellectual Property is a model law consisting of ten books that aims at an overall codification at a national level. The project, which was sponsored by the Deutsche Vereinigung für Gewerblichen Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht (GR UR), is an attempt to modernize the regulatory technique by furnishing general rules on both substantive and procedural issues, that are merged together with the rules on the specific intellectual property rights into a comprehensive code of intellectual property. The author provides for an introduction to the underlying goals of the project and for a brief description of the comprehensive general part contained in Book 1, procedural rules containedin Book 2, and the rules of the existing statutory provisions contained in Books 3-9. Finally, the author discusses the Books 10A and 10 B that contain description and proposals for possible further development of the German Act on Employees' Inventions towards an employees' creations law covering all types of protected achievements
Metadiégesis y pseudodiégesis en la narrativa de Juan Valera
No full textMetadiegesis and pseudodiegesis in the œuvre of Juan Valera
The narrators in Valera generally appear as representations of their author's voice. Valera uses textual doubles to frame the story by reflecting on it and identifying its (ficticious) source, usually either a manuscript or an informant's account. While in either case the identification of the source leads the reader to expect the narrative presentation of the story proper to be delegated from the extradiegetic level to the diegetic level, in most of his texts Valera does not follow this obvious path. Rather, his homo-extradiegetic narrators tend to appropriate the narrating voice of the original source, taking over the narration on their own behalf. From a narratological perspective, on erasing the textual marks that allow readers to distinguish between different levels of narration, Valera infringes the narrative hierarchy, thereby producing instances of what has been termed pseudodiegesis.
Altenberg shows that the narrative frames in Valera's œuvre, with their numerous reflections and refractions, not only raise a number of poetological issues but, more importantly, function as metafictional mises en abyme, whose performative dimension consists in illustrating the attitude that, according to the author, underlies the poetic-narrative appropriation of reality. It becomes clear that verisimilitude and coherence are the key concepts that, in Valera's view, set fiction apart from history. While the explicit confrontation of the 'historical method' and the 'novelistic method', with a clear preference for the latter, appears at a relatively late stage of Valera's writing, the dissociation of the narrator from the source of information as well as the poetological attitude behind it are characteristic of his narrative from the beginning. In conclusion, far from being an end in itself, the pseudodiegetic trangression is a textual representation of a particular way of appropriating reality that is essential to Valera's narrative poetics
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