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On the demarcation of mythological messages in the communicative space of contemporary culture: An interdisciplinary approach
No full textThe article considers myth as an element of social communication reproduced in both archaic and modern times. The author seeks criteria for identifying mythological messages in the general corpus of connotative messages. The empirical ‘field’ of the search is the mass media. The author follows the interdisciplinary research principles and presents a combination of various approaches to the study of myth. In the contemporary culture, myth remains one of the most relevant ways for constructing meaning. In both modern and archaic myths, there is a single type of thinking, the logic of which is not limited to the “logic of emotions” or scientific normativity. The author distinguishes normal and ‘transformed’ myths, and argues that the demarcation of the mythological is needed exclusively for ‘transformed’ myths. In other cases, despite its obvious ubiquity, myth remains a by-product of communications, does not distort their main content and does not ‘parasitize’ on their form. The article draws an analogy between how mythological thinking functions in the archaic and the methods for forming mythological content in the contemporary mass media. The author comes to the conclusion that the initial functional orientation of the mass media is distorted in mythological messages: in the ‘transformed’ media (media + myth), the function of informing is replaced by the functions of motivation. The mass media code ‘information/not information’ is distorted, values are presented as systems of facts, and the image of reality as reality itself. The demarcation of mythological messages can be achieved by identifying the distortion of the content and functions of the original form of culture. Such a transformation is a necessary but insufficient criterion for identifying mythological messages in the communicative space of contemporary culture. © O.N. Streknik, 2021
Myth and Mythmaking - as Elements in the Communicative Space of Modern Culture
No full textThe subject of this article is the process of mythmaking in the society of mass communications and the role of traditional massmedia in that process. The author chooses the semiotic paradigm as the basis of analysis. The myth is consider as a universal element of social communication reproduced at all historical stages in the unity of spontaneous and consciously designed elements. The mythmaking is define as a process of creating a mythological message or system of messages. The special role of the media in modern mythmaking is ensured by their function of "doubling" reality. The images and significations of the constructed reality look like hyperreal, even if they have no basis in objective reality. The consumer of mass media content does not have a distance to these images, that is opens the prospect of turning "history" into "nature" and the possibility of constructing mythological messages. The author claims that the mechanism of the origin of the mythological message that is the basis of the classification of all kinds of mythologies, and this is a research task for another article
Политический миф: рациональная видимость и иррациональная суть
Get PDFIn the article are found out a place and a role of a political myth in a modern political reality. The author analyzes mutual relations of political ideology, a political myth and archaic mythology, reconstructs the basic lines of a modern political myth. In the conclusion the question of an archetype of the hero as a basis for construction modern political leaders public images is considered.В статье определяется место и роль мифа в современной политической реальности, проясняются некоторые механизмы современного политического и социокультурного мифотворчества. Автор анализирует взаимоотношения политической идеологии, политического мифа и архаической мифологии, реконструирует основные черты современного политического мифа. В статье рассматривается также вопрос об архетипе героя в качестве основы для построения публичных имиджей современных политических лидеров
Феноменология Карла Ясперса и возможности междисциплинарного исследования самосознания
No full textThe article deals with new opportunities in the study of self-consciousness provided by an interdisciplinary approach. The authors regard the approach of Karl Jaspers (a philosopher, a psychologist, and a clinician) who viewed self-consciousness as an object of phenomenology. That approach serves as the basis for future interdisciplinary studies. Applying of the phenomenological approach to the study of self-consciousness disorders can serve as a starting point for new clinical research. That research can, in its turn, produce practical results for psychological science and, at the same time, prompt new philosophic interpretation of self-consciousness. An interdisciplinary view of the self-consciousness allows to fill methodological gaps, to find solutions of conceptual and applied problems. At the same time, the basis for interdisciplinary studies of self-consciousness should be developed by philosophers, since there is an issue of answering to worldview problems. Self-consciousness is the «core» of a Human being, so without its proper understanding, both philosophical analysis and clinical psychopathological studies would be incomplete. The authors take a view that an interdisciplinary approach allows filling the methodological gaps, particularly in psychiatric studies. Using Jaspers’ phenomenological approach the authors suggest a working model of self-consciousness, which can be pragmatically useful for specialists in the field of mental health: psychiatrists, psychologists and psychotherapists. The model incorporates a necessary and sufficient list of specific functions of self-consciousness. Disorder of any of the functions is a sign of a psychiatric disorder that can be very useful for practicing psychiatrists and psychologists. On the other hand, this model can be useful for philosophers who employ phenomenological analysis as it can help to develop a more adequate picture of a modern human being for study and self-understanding.В статье рассматривается вопрос о новых возможностях изучения самосознания, которые открывает междисциплинарный подход. Феноменологическую концепцию Карла Ясперса авторы статьи анализируют как основу для такого рода исследований. Использование феноменологического метода при изучении расстройств самосознания может стать отправной точкой новых клинических исследований, а те, в свою очередь, спровоцировать прагматически полезные следствия для психологической науки и новые ракурсы философских интерпретаций самосознания. Именно междисциплинарный взгляд на предмет позволяет заполнить методологические пробелы, найти решения проблем концептуального и прикладного свойства. При этом основания для междисциплинарных исследований самосознания должны формироваться именно философами, поскольку речь идет о решении мировоззренческих вопросов. С опорой на феноменологический подход Карла Ясперса и как результат собственного междисциплинарного исследования предлагается рабочая модель самосознания, которая может быть прагматически полезна специалистам в сфере психического здоровья: психиатрам, психологам и психотерапевтам. Эта модель предполагает описание самосознания через перечень его специфических функций, нарушение хотя бы одной из которых позволяет констатировать психическое расстройство. В свою очередь, для философов могут быть интересны новые данные о нарушениях самосознания, которые в состоянии предоставить психопатология при условии использования феноменологического метода и отказа от жесткого дисциплинарного взгляда. Это тем более важно при создании адекватной картины человеческого бытия и модели личности, которая служила бы приемлемым основанием самопонимания современного человека
Interdisciplinary Research of Self-Consciousness on the Base of Phenomenology of Karl Jaspers
No full textThe objective of analysis is new opportunities in the study of self-awareness, which became possible through the use of an interdisciplinary approach. This approach allows to solve number of conceptual and methodological problems in psychology and psychiatry. The general development of psychiatry in the 20th and early 21st centuries was to improve diagnosis and therapy based on objectively measured indicators. There is a very superficial development of the phenomenology of self-awareness disorders as a result. The interdisciplinary point of view may be the beginning of new theoretical studies of self-awareness in philosophy, as well as provoke pragmatic conclusions for psychological and psychiatric science. Authors claim that the delimitation of the methodological tools of various sciences in the study of self-awareness is unnecessary in principle. interdisciplinary view should be formed by philosophers. The phenomenology of Karl Jaspers and his concept of self-awareness in this sense are heuristically attractive. The authors propose a working model of self-awareness, based on the phenomenological approach of Jaspers, on the ideas of his followers, and also abandoning the disciplinary view of the subject. In this model self-awareness is described through its specific functions. That may be pragmatically useful for mental health professionals: psychiatrists, psychologists and psychotherapists and it may be interesting to philosophers using phenomenological analysis.В данной статье рассматриваются новые возможности в изучении самосознания, которые открываются благодаря междисциплинарному подходу. Этот подход позволяет решить ряд актуальных концептуальных и методологических проблем в частных науках - психологии и психиатрии, и подтолкнуть теоретические исследования самосознания в философии. Общее развитие психиатрии и в России, и за рубежом в 20-м и начале 21-го века шло по другим направлениям и заключалось в основном в совершенствовании диагностики и терапии на основе объективно измеренных показателей. Как следствие, изучение феноменологии расстройств самосознания оказалось весьма поверхностным. Междисциплинарная точка зрения может стать началом новых теоретических исследований самосознания в философии и, кроме того, спровоцировать прагматические полезные выводы для психологической и психиатрической науки. Авторы статьи утверждают, что разграничение методологических инструментов различных наук при изучении самосознания в принципе излишне и не нужно. Мировоззренческая основа для междисциплинарных исследований может и должна формироваться именно философами. Феноменология Карла Ясперса и его концепция самосознания в этом смысле эвристически весьма привлекательны. Используя феноменологический подход Карла Ясперса, идеи его сторонников и последователей, а также отказываясь от узкодисциплинарного взгляда на предмет, авторы статьи предлагают рабочую модель самосознания, в которой оно описывается через свои конкретные функции. Эта модель может быть прагматически полезна для специалистов в области психического здоровья: психиатров, психологов и психотерапевтов. Она также может быть интересна философам, использующим феноменологический анализ
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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