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Maternal Risk Factors for Congenital Cerebral Palsy
Full text linkCongenital Cerebral Palsy (CP) is the most common physical disability in children. In spite of major advances in medical technology, the etiology of CP is still not well understood. There is growing evidence that brain damage leading to CP development occurs during pregnancy and that maternal phenotype contributes to this intrauterine environment. We hypothesized that maternal factors such as infections, smoking, comorbidities and genetics can increase the risk of CP in children. Additionally, we hypothesized the relationship between birth weight and placenta weight is a proxy for placenta insufficiency, which may be an important factor in the pathology leading to CP. The aim of this dissertation is to examine the associations between these maternal factors and CP in the child. We carried out studies using both Danish national registries and the Danish National Birth Cohort. Diagnoses of CP in the child were ascertained using the Danish National Cerebral Palsy Register. Cox proportional hazard ratios were calculated to estimate risk of CP or risk of cardiovascular disease. For studies on placental disorders, placenta weight, and birth weight, we identified 1,874,653 singleton births occurring between January 1st 1973 and December 31st 2003, of which 2,547 had CP. We found the risk of CP decreased with increasing continuous placenta weight (/100g) (aHR 0.68; 95% CI: 0.64-0.71). However, adjustment for continuous birth weight (kg) reversed this association (aHR 1.15; 95% CI: 1.07-1.22). Associations with CP were additionally found for vaginal bleeding, diabetes in pregnancy and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, but associations were no longer significant after adjustment for both birth weight (kg) and placenta weight (/100g). The association between placenta abruption and CP risk remained significant after adjustment for both placenta weight and birth weight. After stratification on several birth weight groups, continuous placenta weight was not significantly associated with CP. For the study on cardiovascular risk in parents of children with CP, we used the children in Study 1, and identified the mothers of 1,021,955 singleton firstborns, of whom 2,508 had CP. After adjustment for demographic confounders, child being born small for gestational age and maternal hypertensive disorder during pregnancy, the "all cardiovascular disease" endpoint was significantly associated with CP (aHR 1.32; 95% CI: 1.04-1.68). However, after additional adjustment for preterm birth the association was no longer significant (aHR 1.11; 95% CI: 0.87-1.42). In cardiovascular subtypes, however, cerebrovascular disease and thrombosis did remain significant in adjusted models including preterm birth (aHR 2.08; 95% CI: 1.11-3.91 and aHR 3.23; 95% CI: 1.19-8.78 respectively). For fathers, the adjusted hazard ratios were much lower and did not reach the level of significance for any of the endpoints.In the study of self reported maternal infections, maternal smoking and CP risk we included 81,066 singletons who were born between August 1996 and June 2003 in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Self-reported vaginal infections were associated with an increased risk of overall CP and spastic CP (aHR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.04-2.24 and aHR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.16-2.60). In particular untreated vaginal infections were associated with an increased risk of spastic CP (aHR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.16-3.26). Fever was associated with the risk of CP (aHR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.06-2.21). Smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day during pregnancy was also associated with spastic CP (aHR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.10-2.94). There were interactions on a multiplicative scale for the outcome spastic CP between untreated vaginal infections and either smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day or preterm delivery. Urinary tract infections were not associated with having a child with CP. In conclusion, maternal factors may affect the intratuterine environment and play a role in the etiology of CP
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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