1,720,998 research outputs found
L'étude ukpds sur le contrôle de la glycémie et de l'hypertension artérielle dans le diabète de type II: objectifs, structure et résultats préliminaires.
No full textHigh Prevalence of Hepatitis C Infection in Afro‐Caribbean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Abnormal Liver Function Tests
No full textModerate elevations of serum transaminases are frequently found in patients with diabetes mellitus and are often attributed to fatty infiltration of the liver without further investigation. Recent studies of patients with end‐stage liver disease have suggested a possible association between Hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody positivity and the development of diabetes (mostly Type 2). As a first step in the examination of any potential association between HCV and Type 2 diabetes in subjects without overt liver disease, we examined 200 British patients with Type 2 diabetes (100 White Caucasians, 50 Asians, and 50 Afro‐Caribbeans), recruited from the United Kingdom Prospective Study of Diabetes, half of whom had a significant elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) on at least two occasions and half of whom had consistently normal ALT levels. In Afro‐Caribbean Type 2 diabetic subjects 7/25 (28%) patients with abnormal ALT and 1/25 (4%) with normal ALT were HCV antibody positive. Among White Caucasian subjects 6/50 (12%) patients with abnormal LFTs and 0/50 with normal LFTs were HCV antibody positive and in Asians the prevalence was 2/25 (8%) and 0/25, respectively. This study suggests that persistent mild to moderate elevation of serum transaminases in a patient with Type 2 diabetes should not automatically be attributed to the metabolic disturbances of diabetes. Particularly in Afro‐Caribbean subjects, HCV infection is a major diagnostic consideration. The question of whether HCV infection itself may have a diabetogenic action is worthy of further investigation. 1995 Diabetes UK</p
Prevalence and pathophysiology of impaired glucose tolerance in three different high-risk white groups
No full textInsulin resistance and β-cell function were assessed by a continuous infusion of glucose in the following three groups of white subjects at risk of developing impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes: 41 subjects who were the offspring of patients with type II diabetes, 26 general-population subjects with an increased fasting plasma glucose level of at least 5.6 mmol/L on screening, and 22 subjects who had had gestational diabetes but were now nondiabetic. Subjects had a mean (± 1 SD) age of 43 ± 9 years and a body mass index (BMI) of 27 ± 5 kg/m2. Subjects with previously increased fasting glucose levels were significantly more insulin resistant than a control group, taking into account BMI, age, and gender (% normal insulin sensitivity [%S], 59 [50 to 79] v 87 [73 to 96]; P < .005), and previously gestationally diabetic subjects showed greater impairment of β-cell function (% normal β-cell function [%β], 69 [60 to 87] v 97 [89 to 105]; P < .005). Diabetes (defined by World Health Organization criteria) or impaired glucose tolerance (defined as an achieved plasma glucose concentration [APG]>95th percentile of an age-and weight-matched population) was identified in 22% of family members, 31% of fasting hyperglycemic subjects, and 41% of previously gestationally diabetic subjects. Twenty-two subjects with impaired glucose tolerance from all the groups were compared with their normoglycemic counterparts and were characterized by greater obesity (29 ± 7 v 25 ± 3 kg/m2, P < .05), impaired insulin sensitivity [%S, 46 [23 to 78] v 81 [51 to 128]; P < .001), impaired β-cell function (%β, 83 [63 to 110] v 95 [65 to 141]; P < .05), and decreased suppression of nonesterified fatty acids ([NEFA] 40 [38 to 50] v 66 [50 to 77] % decrease in NEFA, P < .001). After taking into account BMI, gender, and age, the decrease in β-cell function of the impaired-glucose tolerance group was more apparent (P < .01) and there continued to be a difference in insulin sensitivity, implying non-obesity-associated insulin resistance in the impaired-glucose tolerance group (P < .001). In conclusion, although subjects with impaired glucose tolerance from each of the three different at-risk groups showed similar phenotypic characteristics with obesity being a major feature, we have identified in a single study using a single investigative technique more marked impairment of β-cell function in previously gestationally diabetic subjects and more insulin resistance in subjects with a previously increased fasting plasma glucose level. Impaired glucose tolerance is thus a multifactorial disease in which genetic or environmental contributions vary between different at-risk groups and between different individuals.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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