1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Design and Development of a Cell Marking System in Transgenic Mice
Get PDFThe aim of this project was to develop a marker system to analyse cell lineage in mouse skin. This should provide useful information on the usual size and organisation of clones in the epidermis and give some clues as to how cell replacement is normally controlled in the epidermis and to the possible location of the stem and progenitor cells. As there is no marker gene currently available in the murine epidermis a marker gene had to be designed and introduced. This was accomplished by generating transgenic mice with a novel marker gene inserted into their DNA. An Escherichia coli lac Z gene was used as a cell marker and activated in single cells following treating the mice with a chemical mutagen. The marker could be activated by a point mutation in the sequence of an oligonucleotide inserted at the 5' end of the lac Z gene, replacing the ATG initiation codon of the gene. Two different marking strategies were devised. One specific for the chemical mutagen N-nitro-N'-methyl-N-nitosoguanidine (MNNG) and the other for the chemical mutagen acetoxyaminofluorene (AAF). Oligonucleotides were designed, synthesised and cloned in front of the lac Z gene to generate oligollac Z fusion marker genes. Test constructs without initiation codons and control constructs with initiation codons were designed and cloned at the same time for both the MNNG and AAF strategies. The fusion genes were then tested in vitro by transfection in to murine epidermal cell lines. No expression was detected in the inactive marker gene designed to be activated by MNNG, whereas high expression was obtained from two control constructs which both contained and in-frame ATG initiation codon in the sequence of the oligonucleotide cloned into the lac Z gene. The MNNG-responsive marker gene was shown to be activated in stably transfected murine epidermal cell lines in response to treatment with MNNG at a frequency of approximately 4.3 x 10-3 per clonogenic cell. Subsequently the work with the AAF strategy was discontinued as there was insufficient time to pursue both strategies and positive results had been obtained with the MNNG construct. Twenty-two transgenic founders were generated with three marker gene constructs (Act-LacZA, K5-LacZD and K5-LacZE by pronuclear microinjection of fertilised embryos. Lines of transgenic mice were bred from the founders and the expression of the marker genes were analysed. Expression from a control lac Z fusion gene driven by a BKIII (keratin 5) promoter was detected by staining skin tissue with the chromogenic beta-galactosidase substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-galactoside (X-gal). The expression of the beta-galactosidase protein was observed in the epidermal basal layer and the hair follicles of transgenic mice. The expression was highest in newborn mice and gradually diminished as the mice reached adulthood. It was subsequently shown that targeting the expression of an activated H-ras oncogene to the epidermis with the same promoter results in a high frequency of malignant tumours. The implications of these results to the biology of the skin are discussed. Expression of the MNNG-activated test marker gene under the control of a beta-actin promoter was also detected. Activation of the marker gene was detected in serial sections of murine brain tissue from transgenic mice treated topically with MNNG at birth. No activation was detected in other tissues probably due to the low level of expression of the marker gene. The explanation of these results and the implications for developing a marker system to work efficiently in the epidermis are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
