726 research outputs found
The effects of tyre systems on the depth and severity of compaction
Get PDFHigh value crops such as peas for the frozen vegetable market have to be harvested at the optimum point for quality, regardless of field conditions. Six wheeled pea harvesters with a gross weight of 27 t, giving a wheel load of 4.5 t are required to move from field to field with optimum timeliness. In order to achieve road speeds of 25 km/h an inflation pressure of 2.2 bar is required for the specific tyre load speed rating. Typically, in field conditions, this inflation pressure is not reduced and therefore the likelihood of soil damage is increased.
This study was undertaken to examine the effects of tyre section width and inflation pressure on rolling resistance, rut depth and sub-surface soil deformation. Under controlled laboratory conditions three tyres, at three inflation pressures, with a load of 4.5 t were passed over a soil at three different initial bulk densities. Measurements of dry bulk density, rut depth, rolling resistance, cone penetrometer resistance and soil deformation through the profile were taken before and after the passage of the tyres.
The results show that by increasing the tyre size and reducing the inflation pressure the depth at which compaction occurs and rut depth decrease by 44%. The 800 mm section tyre causes less compaction than any of the other tyres tested especially when inflated to 1.6 bar. Rolling resistance is reduced when the tyre is inflated to the optimum for each tyre.
The change in bulk density when plotted against either initial bulk density or penetration resistance results in a set of curves which can be used by the manufacturer, farmer or operator to select the correct tyre section width and inflation pressure for field conditions.
As a result of this study the harvester manufacturers are investigating the engineering requirements of increasing tyre section width to 800 mm and are now equipping pea harvesters with central tyre inflation systems. The benefits of which would be to significantly reduce the amount of soil compaction, reduce rolling resistance and save the operator £455 000 per annum in fuel costs
The Watchman in the Vineyard: Historical Traces of Judicial and Punitive Practices in Lincoln
No full textThe theme and content of this edited book first took shape at an international conference I co-organised at the University of Lincoln in November 2009. Bringing together eminent architects, philosophers, criminologists, judges, lawyers, urban designers and geographers, the conference provided a unique platform for debating some of the key issues about the role of architecture in the deliberations of justice in both a contemporary and historical contexts. The significance of the conference, and subsequent publication of selected papers, was underlined by Baroness Vivien Stern (international authority on criminal justice and author of the Forward to this book) who recognized the uniqueness of the initiative in bringing together for the first time both academics and practitioners with diverse interests in the field of justice. The setting of Lincoln for the conference was not without significance. Famous for its majestic cathedral, the city is also noted for its medieval castle which was used as a prison, containing one of the last remaining chapels used under the so-called ‘Pentonville’ (or isolation) system. A special visit to the castle was organised as part of the two day event. My chapter in this volume draws upon this aspect of Lincoln’s history, by examining the topographical and political relationships between castle and cathedral in Lincoln. It develops from an ongoing research project on Lincoln Cathedral and its symbolic and topographical significance (originally published as a chapter in my book, Disclosing Horizons: Architecture, Perspective and Redemptive Space – Routledge 2007). In this paper, however, I examine the judicial and punitive practices in the ‘upper town’ of the city from the Middle Ages to the early 19th century. The study highlights how these practices were closely allied to jurisdictional claims of both castle (bailey) and cathedral (minster close), that variously defined territorially the implementation of canon and civil law
Chapter 3 - Excavations at Tac-Cawla, Rabat, Gozo, 2014 (Temple places: Excavating cultural sustainability in prehistoric Malta)
Get PDFp.s. Vella Nicholas C. co-author appears on the print version but not the online version.In this chapter, we present the results of archaeological excavations at the prehistoric settlement known as Taċ-Ċawla, Rabat, Gozo (site code TCC14), undertaken by the FRAGSUS Project from 27 March to 17 July 2014. This exercise involved sampling intact archaeological deposits for dateable environmental and economic remains, and identifying and interpreting new features found at a significant settlement site. The site had potential to tackle the fundamental research questions posed by the FRAGSUS Project (§1.5) and expand knowledge of early domestic settlement on Malta. [Excerpt from Introduction]peer-reviewe
Zendingsarchitect Pieter Simon Dijkstra en zijn Nederlandse werken
Get PDFPieter Simon Dijkstra (1884-1968) is regarded as a noted Protestant church designer in South Africa, but his contribution to the built environment in the Netherlands is much less well known. His life and career in the country of his birth are of interest because they are closely aligned with the religious turbulence of the period, in which the anti-revolutionary clergyman-politician Abraham Kuyper played a prominent role. The building of new Reformed churches and schools was a direct expression of the zealous determination to spread the ‘true faith’. The architecture of the new Reformed churches was often modest and restrained, influenced by Kuyper’s view that the church space should serve the ‘gathering of the faithful’ and be arranged in such a way that congregants could see and hear one other and the minister. Dijkstra, born to a clergyman father with a missionary zeal, delivered various designs in this Reformed context.Although Dijkstra grew up and trained in the northern Netherlands, Zeeland became his main area of operation. In 1908, after time spent working in Groningen (Spijk) and Germany, Dijkstra settled in Vlissingen (Flushing) where he set up his own architectural practice. At the time Vlissingen was an internationally oriented city undergoing a radical transformation under the direction of the liberal alderman of public works, J.G. van Niftrik jr. (1889-1924). Dijkstra designed two new hall-type Reformed churches: one in Geersdijk (1910) and the Eben Haëzer church in Vlissingen (1910). There followed a remarkable inter-denominational collaboration after the English Presbyterian community’s place of worship in the St Jacob’s Church was destroyed by fire in 1911. After Dijkstra’s initial design for a simple hall church was rejected, the authoritative Catholic architect Pierre Cuypers (1827-1921) was commissioned to provide a sketch design for a small yet monumental building. Cuypers’ design for a neogothic church based on an octagonal plan was further elaborated by Dijkstra. The church was inaugurated in 1914.This unique project was followed by the Vlaswiek Reformed Church in Bovensmilde (Drenthe, 1915) and the Reformed Church in Kamperland (Noord-Beveland, 1923). The design for this robust church with corner tower and amphitheatre arrangement is in line with Kuyper’s views and foreshadows Dijkstra’s later church designs in South Africa.Dijkstra designed school buildings for the various Reformed communities in and around Vlissingen (in Koudekerke and Arnemuiden) and social housing estates, including three for the Protestant-Christian housing association Gemeenschappelijk Belang (Common Interest), partly in collaboration with P.J. Hamers (1882-1966). Among his commissions for retail spaces is the striking expressionist radio shop he designed for H.J. van der Meer en Zonen (1923 and 1926), still extant. In 1927, all out of the blue, Dijkstra decided to emigrate with his family to South Africa, where he continued to develop as a Reformed church architect. This article not only provides an assessment of his Dutch oeuvre as a prefiguration of his South African work, but it also positions him as an interesting architect within the Dutch context of his day, characterized as it was by verzuiling (lit. ‘pillarization’, a form of compartmentalization along socio-political or religious lines).Heritage & ValuesHeritage & Architectur
Big Data, Big Libraries, Big Problems?: the 2014 LibTech Anti-talk?
Get PDFThe desire to create automatons is a familiar theme in human history, and during the age of the Enlightenment mechanical automatons became not only an “emblem of the cosmos”, but a symbol of man’s confidence that he would unlock nature’s greatest mysteries and fully harness her power. And yet only a century later, automatons had begun to represent human repression and servitude, a theme later picked up by writers of science fiction. Man’s confidence undeterred, the endgame of the modern scientific and technological mindset, or MSTM, seems to be increasingly coming into view with the rise of “information technology” in general and “Big data” in particular. Along with those who wield them, these can be seen as functioning together as a “mechanical muse” of sorts – surprisingly alluring – and, like a physical automaton can serve as a symbol – a microcosm – of what the MSTM sees (at the very least in practice) as the cosmic machine, our “final frontier”. And yet, individuals who unreflectively participate in these things – giving themselves over to them and seeking the powers afforded by the technology apart from technology’s rightful purposes – in fact yield to the same pragmatism and reductionism those wielding them are captive to. Thus, they ultimately nullify themselves philosophically, politically, and economically – their value increasingly being only the data concerning their persons, and its perceived usefulness. Likewise libraries, the time-honored place of, and symbol for, the intellectual flowering of the individual, will, insofar as they spurn the classical liberal arts (with the idea that things are intrinsically good, and in the case of humans, special as well) in favor of the alluring embrace of MSTM-driven “information technology” and Big data - unwittingly contribute to their irrelevance and demise as they find themselves increasingly less needed, valued, wanted. Likewise for the liberal arts as a whole, and in fact history itself, if the acid of a “science” untethered from what is, in fact, good (intrinsically), continues to gain strengt
A more comprehensive and commanding delineation: Mary Shelley's narrative strategy in Frankenstein
Get PDFThis thesis argues that the first edition of Frankenstein challenges conventional reading by employing what Simpson in Irony and Authority in Romantic Poetry calls Romantic irony, where the absence of a stable 'metacomment' precludes an authoritative reading. The novel hints at such readings but prevents them. The insights offered by Tropp's Mary Shelley's Monster, Baldick's In Frankenstein's Shadow, Poovey's The Proper Lady and the woman writer and Swingle's, 'Frankenstein's Monster and its Relatives: Problems of Knowledge in English Romanticism' are considered, but none recognises the full implications of the instability deriving from multiple first- person narratives. Clemit's The Godwinian Navel acknowledges the novel's indeterminacy, but reads a specific ideological purpose in it. Paradise Last provides a language to describe the relationship between the monster and Frankenstein, but proves too unstable to fix identity or establish moral value. Similarly, Necessity ultimately fails to provide a stable explanation in terms of cause and effect. The status of nature shifts between foreground and background, never allowing final definition. These uncertainties destabilise knowledge which is compromised by its provisional nature: no authoritative reading is possible, yet the novel has narrative coherence. The reader is encouraged to try to develop a reading the structure prevents. The radical nature of the first edition is highlighted by comparison with the 1831 edition, which removes much of the ambivalence and gives the novel a clearer morality. The novel challenges conventional methods of deriving authority by disturbing the reader's orthodox orientation in the world around him' (Simpson) in order to afford 'a point of view to the imagination for the delineation of human passions more comprehensive and commanding than any which the ordinary relations of existing events can yield' (Mary Shelley)
The Anadyomene Movement: metamorphics of figure-ground
No full text‘Figure-ground’ is about the production of meaning based on the perception of contrasts or binary oppositions and segregations. Viewers of my paintings, and of the kind of paintings that interest me, have the impression that the ‘figure’ subsides or slips or fades into ‘ground’, or that the ‘ground’ is more powerful or dominant than the ‘figure’, or that the ‘figure’ is insecurely attached, suggesting it is incapable, unwilling, too acquiescent or complicit to fully differentiate itself from the ‘ground’. I address flux, mutation, indistinctness and complementarity within the visual field of painting. I develop and extend the heuristic context for the interpretation of my studio practice and for work of a similar kind, and then feedback this new context into my practice in order to generate new works, also in the process shedding a new light on my interpretative models. Beyond this, I also make a more general argument for the re alignment of the relationship between art theory and practice - one that can better incorporate a sense of in between-ness, indistinctness or liminality. My approach is comparative: I look at East Asian art and ideas and, in particular, deploy the writings of the French Sinologist and philosopher François Jullien, in whose work there is the attempt to expand Western epistemology, ontology, semantics and aesthetics via a discussion of Chinese thought and aesthetics. Jullien proposes a paradigm that draws the ‘in-out’ respiratory rhythm or pulse within the perceptual field towards the centre of a theory of representation, a theory that seeks to account for consciousness from the ‘inside’ rather than the ‘outside’. The consequence of this relocation of agency is an interpretative framework that is firmly grounded in a nondualistic and holistic approach, foregrounding affect and empathetic relationships between artist and work, viewer and work, and self and the world. Traditional East Asian thought begins with similar premises to poststructuralism in the West: the ‘self’ is an illusion and the possibility of knowledge of reality independent of thought is dismissed as untenable because there is no objective reality accessible to us. Everything depends on the bias of the mind, rather than on anything we can identify as an innate attribute of reality itself, thus there is no escape from our lived experience, and we are profoundly limited by the interpretive knowledge of our mind; we are trapped within the ‘prison house of language’. But within the different recursive orientations that characterize ‘East’ and ‘West’ the interpretation and consequences of these insights are understood in quite different ways. I explore why this should be the case and what some of the consequences are, both theoretically through the written text and performatively through my studio work
Corrigendum: Proceedings of the 12th annual deep brain stimulation think tank: cutting edge technology meets novel applications
No full textIn the published article, there was an error in the author list and author Sarah-Anna Hescham was erroneously excluded. The corrected author list appears below. “Alfonso Enrique Martinez-Nunez 1*, Christopher J. Rozell 2, Simon Little 3, Huiling Tan 4, Stephen L. Schmidt 5, Warren M. Grill 5,6, Miroslav Pajic 5, Dennis A. Turner 5,6,7, Coralie de Hemptinne 1, Andre Machado 8,9, Nicholas D. Schiff 10, Abbey S. Holt-Becker 11, Robert S. Raike 11, Mahsa Malekmohammadi 12,13, Yagna J. Pathak 14, Lyndahl Himes 14, David Greene 15, Lothar Krinke 16,17, Mattia Arlotti 16, Lorenzo Rossi 16, Jacob Robinson 18,19, Bahne H. Bahners 20,21,22, Vladimir Litvak 23, Luka Milosevic 24,25, Saadi Ghatan 26,27, Frederic L. W. V. J. Schaper 20, Michael D. Fox 20, Nicholas M. Gregg 28, Cynthia Kubu 8, James J. Jordano 29,30,31, Nicola G. Cascella 32, YoungHoon Nho 33, Casey H. Halpern 33,34, Helen S. Mayberg 35,36,37, Ki Sueng Choi 35,36, Haneul Song 35, Jungho Cha 35, Sankaraleengam Alagapan 2, Nico U. F. Dosenbach 38,39,40,41,42,43, Evan M. Gordon 44, Jianxun Ren 45, Hesheng Liu 45,46, Lorraine V. Kalia 47,48, Sarah-Anna Hescham 49,50,51, Dorian M. Kusyk 1, Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora 1, Kelly D. Foote 1, Michael S. Okun 1 and Joshua K. Wong 1.” The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.</p
Voltaire and the 1760s: essays for John Renwick
No full textThe 1760s was a pivotal decade for the philosophes. In the late 1750s their cause had been at a low ebb, but it was transformed in the eyes of public opinion by such events as the Calas affair in the early 1760s. By the end of the decade, the philosophes were dominant in key literary institutions such as the Comédie-Française and the Académie française, and their enlightened programme became more widely accepted. Many of the essays in this volume focus on Voltaire, revealing him as a writer of fiction and polemic who, during this period, became increasingly interested in questions of justice and jurisprudence. Other essays examine the literary activities of Voltaire’s contemporaries, including Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Chamfort, Rétif, Sedaine and Marmontel. It is no exaggeration to describe the 1760s as Voltaire’s decade. It is he more than any other author who set the agenda and held the public’s attention during this seminal period for the development of Enlightenment ideas and values. Voltaire’s dominance of the 1760s can be summed up in a single phrase: it is in these years that he became the ‘patriarch of Ferney’. Peter France, John Renwick: a tribute Publications of John Renwick Nicholas Cronk, Voltaire and the 1760s: the rule of the patriarch I. Voltaire’s contemporaries Jean Ehrard, Tempête dans un gobelet: esquisse de mémoire en défense de M. Ozy, apothicaire auvergnat du dix-huitième siècle David Adams, Illustration and interpretation: the frontispiece to Marmontel’s Bélisaire Michael Cardy, Some references to English writers in Marmontel’s Poétique française (1763) Katherine Astbury, The success of Marmontel’s moral tales on the French stage 1760-1770 David McCallam, Physiocrats and barbarians: moral economies in Chamfort’s comedies John Dunkley, Sedaine’s Maillard: the gauntlet, the calque and the seneschal’s revenge Cecil Courtney, Constant d’Hermenches: correspondent of Voltaire and Belle de Zuylen Christopher Todd, Glimpses of France and the French (1760-1769) in three English provincial newspapers David Coward, ‘Je deviens auteur’: Restif in the 1760s Graham Gargett, Caveirac, Protestants and the presence of Voltairean discourse in late-eighteenth-century France Katharine Swarbrick, Voltaire, Rousseau and the uses of frivolity II. Voltaire James Hanrahan, Creating the ‘cri public’: Voltaire and public opinion in the early 1760s Russell Goulbourne, Voltaire and the Calas affair in England Christiane Mervaud, Voltaire et le Beccaria de Grenoble: Michel-Joseph-Antoine Servan Olivier Ferret, Les stratégies éditoriales des Mélanges voltairiens Nicholas Cronk, Le Philosophe ignorant, volume de mélanges Simon Davies, Le Pyrrhonisme de l’histoire, Voltaire’s anthology of contes Richard Francis, The Ingénu’s children Jonathan Mallinson, Les Lettres d’Amabed: rewriting Graffigny’s Lettres d’une Péruvienne? Adrienne Mason, Unheard voices: two English translations of Voltaire’s L’Ingénu David Williams, Voltaire and Thomas Otway Haydn Mason, Voltaire, directeur de conscience: his correspondence with Mme Du Deffand Peter France, Last words Inde
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