1,721,397 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Effects of apolipoprotein and low density lipoprotein receptor gene polymorphisms on lipid metabolism, and the lipid risk factors of coronary artery disease
Full text linkAbstractTo facilitate the diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia, we wanted to create a simple and rapid method for diagnosing familial hypercholesterolemia in a homogenous population. The PCR method for the FH-Helsinki mutation detected 25 FH-Helsinki positive patients, two of whom had no clinical signs of FH, but had a positive family history for the disease. The method is exceptionally useful in Northern Finland, where 62% of the FH patients carry the FH-Helsinki mutation.The role of polymorphisms and mutations of the apo B particle as etiologic factors of hypercholesterolemia was studied in a population of moderately hypercholesterolemic individuals. The catabolism of the patients’ own LDL was compared to that of a healthy and normocholesterolemic donor, and no major differences were observed. However, the presence of the XbaI cutting site was associated with elevated cholesterol values and a slightly lowered LDL catabolic rate. Patients homozygous for the EcoRI cutting site also had a slow LDL catabolic rate and slightly elevated cholesterol values. The MspI and Ins/del polymorphisms of the apo B particle were not associated with variations in LDL catabolism.The e 4 allele of apolipoprotein E was slightly more frequent in our hypercholesterolemic population than in the average population. The lipid values did not differ significantly between the apo E phenotypes in moderately hypercholesterolemic individuals, nor could we detect any differences in the catabolic rates of their LDL according to the apo E phenotype (individuals with the phenotype apo E 2/2 were excluded from the study). In our population of CAD patients, the frequency of the e 4 allele was lower than in CAD populations from Southern Finland (0.23 vs. 0.32), suggesting that apo E 4 is not so strongly associated with coronary disease in Northern Finland as in other populations. The E 4 phenotype was associated with slightly smaller LDL cholesterol reductions by colestipol and lovastatin treatment compared with patients with the phenotype 2/3.The lipid risk factors of male and female CAD patients were studied in a group of patients admitted to one ward of the Oulu University Hospital. We found the males to have the typical high LDL cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol lipid pattern, but women with two- or three-vessel CAD had high LDL and low HDL cholesterol associated with high VLDL lipids, and hypertension, diabetes or smoking.Pharmacological treatment of hypercholesterolemia was studied by comparing lovastatin to colestipol, and in a separate study where a new drug, enprostil was used. Enprostil, whose main effect is on the gastrointestinal tract, would be a useful alternative for long-term treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Unfortunately, however, gastrointestinal side-effects limit its long-term use. Colestipol reduced plasma LDL cholesterol and elevated plasma HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, but it, too, caused gastrointestinal side-effects. Lovastatin proved to be the most effective cholesterol-lowering drug with the least side-effects, and statins have now been established as the most widely used hypocholesterolemic drugs.Academic Dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, for public discussion in Auditorium 10 of the University Hospital of Oulu, on April 1st, 1999, at 12 noon.Abstract
To facilitate the diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia, we wanted to create a simple and rapid method for diagnosing familial hypercholesterolemia in a homogenous population. The PCR method for the FH-Helsinki mutation detected 25 FH-Helsinki positive patients, two of whom had no clinical signs of FH, but had a positive family history for the disease. The method is exceptionally useful in Northern Finland, where 62% of the FH patients carry the FH-Helsinki mutation.
The role of polymorphisms and mutations of the apo B particle as etiologic factors of hypercholesterolemia was studied in a population of moderately hypercholesterolemic individuals. The catabolism of the patients’ own LDL was compared to that of a healthy and normocholesterolemic donor, and no major differences were observed. However, the presence of the XbaI cutting site was associated with elevated cholesterol values and a slightly lowered LDL catabolic rate. Patients homozygous for the EcoRI cutting site also had a slow LDL catabolic rate and slightly elevated cholesterol values. The MspI and Ins/del polymorphisms of the apo B particle were not associated with variations in LDL catabolism.
The e 4 allele of apolipoprotein E was slightly more frequent in our hypercholesterolemic population than in the average population. The lipid values did not differ significantly between the apo E phenotypes in moderately hypercholesterolemic individuals, nor could we detect any differences in the catabolic rates of their LDL according to the apo E phenotype (individuals with the phenotype apo E 2/2 were excluded from the study). In our population of CAD patients, the frequency of the e 4 allele was lower than in CAD populations from Southern Finland (0.23 vs. 0.32), suggesting that apo E 4 is not so strongly associated with coronary disease in Northern Finland as in other populations. The E 4 phenotype was associated with slightly smaller LDL cholesterol reductions by colestipol and lovastatin treatment compared with patients with the phenotype 2/3.
The lipid risk factors of male and female CAD patients were studied in a group of patients admitted to one ward of the Oulu University Hospital. We found the males to have the typical high LDL cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol lipid pattern, but women with two- or three-vessel CAD had high LDL and low HDL cholesterol associated with high VLDL lipids, and hypertension, diabetes or smoking.
Pharmacological treatment of hypercholesterolemia was studied by comparing lovastatin to colestipol, and in a separate study where a new drug, enprostil was used. Enprostil, whose main effect is on the gastrointestinal tract, would be a useful alternative for long-term treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Unfortunately, however, gastrointestinal side-effects limit its long-term use. Colestipol reduced plasma LDL cholesterol and elevated plasma HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, but it, too, caused gastrointestinal side-effects. Lovastatin proved to be the most effective cholesterol-lowering drug with the least side-effects, and statins have now been established as the most widely used hypocholesterolemic drugs
The role of apolipoprotein E in gallstone disease, colorectal cancer and gastrointestinal cell regulation
Full text linkAbstractApolipoprotein E (apo E) is one of the key regulatory proteins in cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism. The present research focuses on the role of apo E in gastrointestinal diseases. The polymorphism of apo E has been suggested to be associated with the cholesterol content in gallstones and the crystallization rate of gallbladder bile. The possible effect of apo E polymorphism on the susceptibility to gallstone disease at the population level was examined in comparison with the classical risk factors for gallstone disease. The data suggest that the apolipoprotein E2 isoform is a genetic factor that provides protection against gallstone disease in women.The alterations in plasma lipoprotein levels and bile acid metabolism observed in patients with colorectal adenoma and carcinoma may reflect a genetic background predisposing to tumors through altered lipid metabolism. To determine, whether the polymorphism of apo E is associated with proximal or distal colonic neoplasia, the apo E phenotype was determined in 135 patients with colorectal carcinoma, and 199 randomly selected control subjects. The frequency of the ε4 allele of apo E was low in the patients with proximal adenoma and those with carcinoma, respectively, compared with the control subjects. The patients with distal tumors showed no alteration in ε4 frequency. The data suggest that the ε4 allele of apo E provides protection against the development of adenoma and carcinoma of the proximal colon. The association of apo E polymorphism with tumors is not a generalized phenomenon as is shown by the lack of association with breast or prostate cancers.To further study the mechanisms by which apo E might affect colon cancer, the expression of apo E in human intestine and the localization of apo E in normal and malignant gastrointestinal tract was studied using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Both immunoreactive apo E protein and apo E mRNA were present throughout the stomach, small intestine and colon. The phagocytes of lamina propria were positive for apo E, but the number of positive cells and the staining intensity varied according to localization. Macrophages in the superficial lamina propria of normal colon were more strongly positive for apo E than those in the small intestine, where the most positively stained cells were dendritic cells and macrophages in the germinal centers of lymphoid follicles. In samples from colorectal carcinomas intensely positive macrophages surrounded the tumor area, suggesting that apo E might play a role in the proliferation of malignant cells. Apo E binds with very high affinity to heparin and proteoglycans and inhibits the proliferation of several cell types, but the antiproliferative mechanism of apo E is still largely unknown. The effects of apo E at the cellular levels were studied in cell culture experiments. The effect of recombinant human apo E3 on cell polarity and the distribution of β-catenin were examined in undifferentiated (G+) and differentiated (G+ reversed) HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. In cultured undifferentiated HT29 cells, treatment with apo E improved cell polarity and translocated β-catenin from the cytoplasm to cell-cell adhesion sites. Apo E may thus modulate epithelial integrity and contribute to cell growth and malignant transformation.Academic Dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, for public discussion in Auditorium 10 of the University Hospital of Oulu, on January 26th, 2000, at 12 noon.Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apo E) is one of the key regulatory proteins in cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism. The present research focuses on the role of apo E in gastrointestinal diseases. The polymorphism of apo E has been suggested to be associated with the cholesterol content in gallstones and the crystallization rate of gallbladder bile. The possible effect of apo E polymorphism on the susceptibility to gallstone disease at the population level was examined in comparison with the classical risk factors for gallstone disease. The data suggest that the apolipoprotein E2 isoform is a genetic factor that provides protection against gallstone disease in women.
The alterations in plasma lipoprotein levels and bile acid metabolism observed in patients with colorectal adenoma and carcinoma may reflect a genetic background predisposing to tumors through altered lipid metabolism. To determine, whether the polymorphism of apo E is associated with proximal or distal colonic neoplasia, the apo E phenotype was determined in 135 patients with colorectal carcinoma, and 199 randomly selected control subjects. The frequency of the ε4 allele of apo E was low in the patients with proximal adenoma and those with carcinoma, respectively, compared with the control subjects. The patients with distal tumors showed no alteration in ε4 frequency. The data suggest that the ε4 allele of apo E provides protection against the development of adenoma and carcinoma of the proximal colon. The association of apo E polymorphism with tumors is not a generalized phenomenon as is shown by the lack of association with breast or prostate cancers.
To further study the mechanisms by which apo E might affect colon cancer, the expression of apo E in human intestine and the localization of apo E in normal and malignant gastrointestinal tract was studied using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Both immunoreactive apo E protein and apo E mRNA were present throughout the stomach, small intestine and colon. The phagocytes of lamina propria were positive for apo E, but the number of positive cells and the staining intensity varied according to localization. Macrophages in the superficial lamina propria of normal colon were more strongly positive for apo E than those in the small intestine, where the most positively stained cells were dendritic cells and macrophages in the germinal centers of lymphoid follicles. In samples from colorectal carcinomas intensely positive macrophages surrounded the tumor area, suggesting that apo E might play a role in the proliferation of malignant cells.
Apo E binds with very high affinity to heparin and proteoglycans and inhibits the proliferation of several cell types, but the antiproliferative mechanism of apo E is still largely unknown. The effects of apo E at the cellular levels were studied in cell culture experiments. The effect of recombinant human apo E3 on cell polarity and the distribution of β-catenin were examined in undifferentiated (G+) and differentiated (G+ reversed) HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. In cultured undifferentiated HT29 cells, treatment with apo E improved cell polarity and translocated β-catenin from the cytoplasm to cell-cell adhesion sites. Apo E may thus modulate epithelial integrity and contribute to cell growth and malignant transformation
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
