1,720,957 research outputs found
Transazioni virtuose tra persone e ambienti: alla ricerca delle connessioni tra ambienti, psicologia e design
No full textIn this paper, we considered three research areas in which the psychological investigation of the interaction between persons and environments led to a better understanding of the complex relationship between features of the environments and human cognition: (1) the restorative effects of environments, (2) the relationship between environments and mind wandering, (3) the effects of the environments on creative performance. After presenting the main results obtained in these areas, we proposed a framework integrating some of the emerged theoretical insights. Following the Attention Restoration Theory, we suggested that the perception of the environment would automatically trigger its evaluation based on some fundamental psychological dimensions. Under favorable circumstances, this evaluation would stimulate psychological processes (soft fascination), leading to a recovery of attentional and cognitive resources after a state of mental fatigue. Soft fascination would enable other processes, reflection, or mind wandering, enhancing attentional recovery or promoting the discovery of novel associations between information, respectively. In turn, attention recovery, reduction of disturbing or interfering thoughts, and discovery of novel associations would improve the cognitive and creative potential of the person. Direct stimulation from environmental cues, e.g., in the form of inspiration that could be drawn from natural elements or environments, would also contribute to the creative potential. The extent to which a person could experience the cognitively regenerating effects of the interaction with natural environments is supposed to be moderated by individual differences (e.g., values and connection with nature) and by the type of engagement required by the specific form of interaction (e.g., contemplation vs. attention-demanding climbing). The interaction with some environments would also promote the improvement of emotional state and stress reduction via different mechanisms than the ones underlying restorative effects, leading to further positive consequences for cognition and creativity. The proposed integrative framework suggests novel research directions, and it may provide cues for designing environments aiming at improving cognition and wellbeing
"The game would have been better for me if...": children's counterfactual thinking about their own performance in a game
Full text linkIn two studies, we investigated for the first time the content of children's counterfactual thoughts about their own experiences. Results showed that the majority of children aged 8-13 were able to produce valid counterfactuals regarding an event that happened to them, despite not achieving an adult-level ability. Comparing counterfactual and prefactual thinking, in Study 1 we found that children showed the same temporal asymmetry previously found in adults: They focused on the controllable features of their experience more in prefactual than counterfactual thinking. However, in Study 2, comparing counterfactuals produced by children and adults after a task in which making errors became salient, children produced more controllable counterfactuals (modifying their own errors) than adults, who still focused on uncontrollable features (as in Study 1). These results suggest that the ability to reason counterfactually in complex and real-life situations is not yet fully developed at age 8-13 years, affecting counterfactual content
Cyberbullying through the lens of social influence: predicting cyberbullying perpetration from perceived peer-norm, cyberspace regulations and ingroup processes
Full text linkIn the present research we analyzed the social influence mechanisms that back the relation between peer group norms regarding cyberbullying behaviors and individual cyberbullying perpetration. In a sample of adolescents (N = 3511, age: M = 16.27, SD = 1.58), we showed that the relation between perceived peer-norm and cyberbullying perpetration was moderated by two distinct social influence mechanisms. Specifically, when individuals' lack of knowledge regarding appropriate behaviors in cyberspace (i.e., cyberspace regulations), levels of perceived peer-norm regarding cyberbullying behaviors positively influence the participants' engagement in cyberbullying perpetration (i.e., informational social influence). Moreover, we showed that the higher the support of perceived peer-norm regarding cyberbullying behaviors the higher the levels of cyberbullying perpetration, especially for the higher (vs. lower) levels of identification with peers as the ingroup; this relation was additionally enhanced at increasing levels of adolescents' ingroup prototypicality (i.e., referential informative social influence). The results demonstrated that the two social influence mechanisms work independently and likely contribute to predict participants’ engagement in cyberbullying perpetration. Results are discussed with respect to the current literature regarding the social influence mechanisms underlying cyberbullying. The implications of these findings for practical interventions are explored.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Exploring peer influence on adolescents' exposure to and engagement with online hate speech: The mediational role of perceived peers’ social norms
No full textIn a sample of 438 adolescents, we found that greater exposure to online hate speech was associated with higher levels of both support for and engagement in such behavior. This relationship was mediated by perceived injunctive and descriptive norms. The mediating effect of perceived descriptive norms was amplified when participants appraised online hate speech as low in offensiveness. Findings provide insights for prevention programs
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
