1,721,001 research outputs found
Large-scale irrigation area mapping: Status and challenges
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003385 Georg-August-Universität Göttingenhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaf
ECIRA - European crop-specific irrigated area at 1 km resolution annually from 2010 to 2020
No full textAbstract Irrigation significantly contributes to total water withdrawal and exhibits considerable spatial and temporal variability, particularly in more humid regions. This variability is caused by climate, soil properties, and crop water requirements. However, time series of high-resolution, crop-specific irrigated area data remain scarce in Europe. We developed and applied a method to harmonize input data on crop types and irrigation to obtain the European Crop-specific IRrigated Area (ECIRA) dataset, providing annual 1-km gridded crop-specific irrigated area for 16 crop types across 28 European countries for 2010–2020. The ECIRA dataset effectively identifies crop-specific irrigated hotspots, aligns with subnational census data, and strongly agrees with LUCAS field observations and other survey-based crop-specific irrigation area datasets. However, caution is needed for region- and location-specific studies, as the Europe-wide scope of ECIRA entails a trade-off between local details and overall consistency. It can be used in assessments of crop productivity and crop water use, as input in land surface-, crop-, and hydrological modeling, in climate impact studies and to support improved water resources management
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Estimating Causal Effects With Observational Data: Guidelines for Agricultural and Applied Economists
No full textABSTRACT Most research questions in agricultural and applied economics are causal in nature: they study how changes in one or more variables (such as policies, prices or weather) affect one or more other variables (e.g., income, crop yields or pollution). Only a minority of these research questions can be studied with experimental methods, so most empirical studies in agricultural and applied economics rely on observational data. However, estimating causal effects with observational data requires an appropriate research design and a transparent discussion of all identifying assumptions, together with a critical discussion of how plausible they are. This paper provides an overview of approaches that are frequently used in agricultural and applied economics to estimate causal effects with observational data. It then provides advice and guidelines for agricultural and applied economists seeking to estimate causal effects with observational data, including how to assess and discuss the identification strategies adopted in their analysis.Udenrigsministeriet https://doi.org/10.13039/501100005369Horizon 2020 Framework Programme https://doi.org/10.13039/100010661Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001659Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004836Innovationsfonden https://doi.org/10.13039/10001277
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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