1,721,006 research outputs found
Overruling a romantic prejudice: forms and formats of film music in concert programs
No full textFilm music is still considered by most musicologists and art-composers not as an Art with intrinsic aesthetic value, but as a mere commodity with a trivially functional scope. Along this line, the phenomenon of film-music pieces featured in concert programmes is considered an aberration to be ignored altogether.\ud
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This chapter aims, first of all, at giving an explanation of this long-standing prejudice and then at classifying the main forms and formats of concert arrangement and presentation of the film-music repertoire. The reasons of the prejudice is traced back to the nineteenth century and to Romantic Idealism – the influence of the so-called “Beethoven-centred Canon” and the “Absolute Music VS Applied Music” dualism have survived to the present day.\ud
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In the second part, the chapter offers a survey of how film music is typically selected, arranged for concert performance and presented on the stage. The first option is that of borrowing the “traditional form” and its formats – suite, overture, medley, etc... – already in use for other types of applied music. The most common film-music versions of the traditional formats will be illustrated, exemplified and compared to the older formats on which they are based.\ud
The second and more specific option is the “multimedia form”. As the orchestra plays live, film clips are projected on a big screen above the stage, being synchronised more or less tightly with the phrasing and gestures of the music. There are two main formats: the “multimedia concert piece” – a film-music concert piece adapted according to the traditional formats but accompanied by projected film clips – and the “multimedia film piece.” – an entire scene or sequence of a given film, comprising the dialogue and sound effect tracks, which is accompanied live with the same music piece featured in the film. Apart from single multimedia pieces which may be featured in otherwise traditional concerts, there are also entire events based on the multimedia combination of music and visuals. They can be called “multimedia concert” and “multimedia film.” In the former instance, we have themed programmes having film projections across the whole concert – e.g., Star Wars in Concert. In the latter, we have the projection of an entire film with live musical accompaniment – e.g. the Lord of the Rings Trilogy road-show. Again, a precise description and proper examples will be provided for each case.\ud
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The final aim of the chapter is to show how the phenomenon of film music in concert is a rich and very topical one and cannot be ignored or downplayed just because of old prejudices
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Golden Age 2.0: John Williams and the revival of the symphonic film score
No full textThe chapter looks into John Williams' contribution to the return of symphonic film scores in the Hollywood cinema of the late 1970s.\ud
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In the first part, it traces an outline of the context, i.e. the pop-music fad that characterised Hollywood during the 1960s and early 1970s. Due to many reasons, the symphonic film score entered a gradual demise at the end of the 1950s. In particular, 1966 is a highly symbolic landmark, as in that year Hitchcock rejected Bernard Herrmann's symphonic score for Torn Curtain in favour of a more pop and market-oriented one: thus one of the most successful director/composer relationship ended abruptly. In those years, the symphonic score was replaced either by pop-music scores whose piece de resistance was a marketable song – as in Henry Mancini's film scores. Although the symphonic score did not disappear completely, it decidedly became a second option and an old-fashioned one.\ud
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In the second part, the chapter shows how John Williams reverted the trend. The unanimously recognised landmark is the release of Star Wars in 1977 which launched the so-called “Film Music Renaissance.” However, the chapter shows how Williams' penchant for the classical Hollywood music and for symphonic writing can be also spotted in his early 1960s works – e.g. in the 1967 comedy Fitzwilly and in the picaresque 1969 film The Reivers. Also, before Star Wars it was Jaws that demonstrated that a symphonic score could still be a very powerful cinematic tool, more powerful than any pop score. After almost a decade, Jaws was the first major film set in the the present day, telling a contemporary story and designed to be a popular success that did not resort to pop music or marketable songs. Instead, Jaws employed a symphonic score reminiscent of Herrmann, on the one hand, and Korngold, on the other, which was awarded an Oscar.\ud
Williams' restoration was completed two years later with Star Wars, a film boasting a grand-orchestral almost continuous symphonic scoring sounding like the old Korngold scores for the Errol Flynn films, brilliantly performed by the London Symphony Orchestra. With the success confirmed by another Oscar and by unprecedented sales – in two months the symphonic album sold 650,000 copies – Star Wars brought back symphonic scoring as a major option for block-buster films and confirmed that the symphonic score could not only be enormously effective to film narration but also successfully marketable.\ud
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If it is historically imprecise to state that John Williams brought back symphonic music as the Hollywood music, as it used to be in the old days, it is safe to say that he launched a successful neoclassical trend within the eclectic style of contemporary Hollywood cinema, and he was responsible like no other for bringing the symphonic score back to the general attention and appreciation
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Warum wir es für eine gute Idee gehalten haben, eine DACH-Spieledatenbank aufzubauen
No full textUnser Werkstattbericht gibt Einblick in den Entstehungskontext sowie die zugrunde liegenden methodischen Überlegungen hinter der von den Autor*innen publizierten Spieledatenbank. Diese wurde kollaborativ erarbeitet und führt digitale Spiele, die in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz bis zum Jahr 2000 entwickelt wurden. In diesem Bericht skizzieren wir neben unseren Ausgangsüberlegungen und den verschiedenen Arbeitsschritten bei der Realisierung außerdem auch, auf welcher Datenbasis die Datenbank aufgebaut und geprüft wurde, was die Ziele des Datenmodells sind und mit welchen Schwierigkeiten wir im Prozess der Erstellung konfrontiert waren. Hiernach ordnen wir den aktuellen Stand der Spieledatenbank ein und geben einen Ausblick auf die weiteren Pläne des Projekts
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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