64 research outputs found
The situation and the development of the German minority in the Baltic States compared with those of the “Siebenbürgen” in Romania
No full textEine historische Analyse der deutschen Besiedlung im Baltikum und in Siebenbürgen vom Vorabend des ersten Weltkrieges bis zur Gegenwart unter Berücksichtigung insbesondere der politischen, sozialen, kulturellen, demographischen und wirtschaftlichen Gegebenheiten. Dabei wird neben der Literatur auch auf Interviews mit Zeitzeugen sowie auf die Erinnerungen des Autors zurückgegriffen. Die Ergebnisse umfassen unter anderem:1) Sie bildeten privilegierte lutherische Führungsschichten in einem multiethnisch geprägten Umfeld, ihr sozialökonomischer und politischer Einfluss stand im umgekehrten Verhältnis zu ihrer Zahl. Sie verfügten über ständisch-repräsentative Selbstverwaltungen.2) Die siebenbürgisch-sächsische Gesellschaft bestand überwiegend aus einer starken Schicht von Freibauern und Handwerkern und einer bürgerlich-patrizischen Führungsschicht. Die Deutschbalten hingegen bildeten eine bürgerlich-adlige Elite.3) In Folge von Umsiedlungen und Abwanderungen existieren heutzutage die deutschen Minderheiten kaum noch in diesen Gebieten.The situation and the development of the German minority in the Baltic States compared with that of the ?Siebenbürgen? in Romania.A historic analysis of the German settlements in the Baltic States and of the ?Siebenbürgen? settlements in Romania from the eve of the first World War up until the present, considering the political, social, cultural, demographic and economic circumstances. Besides analysing the literature the author also uses interviews with witnesses of that time and his own reminiscences. The results comprise the following:1) The German minority in the Baltis Staes formed privileged lutherian leading classes in a multiethnic environment. Their socioeconomic and political influence was inverse to their number. They possessed their own representative self-governments.2) The ?siebenbürgisch?-saxon society mainly consisted of a great number of independent farmers and craftsmen and a bourgois-aristocratic elite. The German Baltics were a bourgois-aristocratic elite.3) As a resut of resettlements and migrations, German minorities hardly exist nowadays.eingereicht von Wolf-Harro FabriciusAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersZsfassung in dt. und engl. SpracheGraz, Univ., Diss., 2011 1101
The situation and the development of the German minority in the Baltic States compared with those of the “Siebenbürgen” in Romania
No full textEine historische Analyse der deutschen Besiedlung im Baltikum und in Siebenbürgen vom Vorabend des ersten Weltkrieges bis zur Gegenwart unter Berücksichtigung insbesondere der politischen, sozialen, kulturellen, demographischen und wirtschaftlichen Gegebenheiten. Dabei wird neben der Literatur auch auf Interviews mit Zeitzeugen sowie auf die Erinnerungen des Autors zurückgegriffen. Die Ergebnisse umfassen unter anderem:1) Sie bildeten privilegierte lutherische Führungsschichten in einem multiethnisch geprägten Umfeld, ihr sozialökonomischer und politischer Einfluss stand im umgekehrten Verhältnis zu ihrer Zahl. Sie verfügten über ständisch-repräsentative Selbstverwaltungen.2) Die siebenbürgisch-sächsische Gesellschaft bestand überwiegend aus einer starken Schicht von Freibauern und Handwerkern und einer bürgerlich-patrizischen Führungsschicht. Die Deutschbalten hingegen bildeten eine bürgerlich-adlige Elite.3) In Folge von Umsiedlungen und Abwanderungen existieren heutzutage die deutschen Minderheiten kaum noch in diesen Gebieten.The situation and the development of the German minority in the Baltic States compared with that of the ?Siebenbürgen? in Romania.A historic analysis of the German settlements in the Baltic States and of the ?Siebenbürgen? settlements in Romania from the eve of the first World War up until the present, considering the political, social, cultural, demographic and economic circumstances. Besides analysing the literature the author also uses interviews with witnesses of that time and his own reminiscences. The results comprise the following:1) The German minority in the Baltis Staes formed privileged lutherian leading classes in a multiethnic environment. Their socioeconomic and political influence was inverse to their number. They possessed their own representative self-governments.2) The ?siebenbürgisch?-saxon society mainly consisted of a great number of independent farmers and craftsmen and a bourgois-aristocratic elite. The German Baltics were a bourgois-aristocratic elite.3) As a resut of resettlements and migrations, German minorities hardly exist nowadays.eingereicht von Wolf-Harro FabriciusAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersZsfassung in dt. und engl. SpracheGraz, Univ., Diss., 2011 1101
Vallaajakirjanduse võimalused Nissi Valla Teataja näitel
No full textLocal newspaper’s possibilities in the example of Nissi Valla Teataja.
The motivation to research this subject was to compare a small Estonian community’s experiences covering the local life to the concepts that have managed to succeed in theory and in practise all over the world. The problematic questions starting this researchs were: can a small local newspaper even function similarly to a high quality medium? Or can the Nissi Valla Teataja, the newspaper of Nissi parish, provide it’s readers the content they are expecting?
The research questions were formulated in a way that it was possible to analyze the content of Nissi Valla Teataja throughout it’s publishing history as well as the results from the experiment, including the problems that seem inevitable to a small editorial group.
In the first part of this research there is a variety of local journalism concepts offered which are all framed with the functionalism media theory summarized by McQuail (2000).
In the following chapters the research questions and methodology (the basis of this research) were explained. In the empirical research there was found that there is enough shortages in Nissi Valla Teataja’s content to be worried about stagnation. Additionaly it was found that the newspaper does not have an active, content providing editorial group who could connect the community.
These results were also confirmed by the experimential part of the research, where the editors of the newspaper combining as a focus group admitted their lack of connection with the community and not having any editorial meetings whatsoever.
In the conclusion, the author came to a finding that despite the current situation with the low quality of editing and the surprising lack of hope towards the future, there is still a good chance to make it with the theoretical concepts in these small Estionian local newspapers. This valuation can be supported with the successful results of our experiment, where the readers were pleased as well as the editors and governmental institutions.
This research was little more emotional due to the fact that the author is currently living in Nissi parish and while studying journalism he has always been troubled by the low quality of Nissi Valla Teataja. Hopefully, this research can help to make progress raising the newspaper to a higher level.
The author would like to address his sincere gratitude to his mentor, Halliki Harro-Loit, whose incredible knowledge and willingless to help made this research possible. Thank you!http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2612244~S1*es
Esboços tropicais do Brasil: arte e política antiescravagista britânica
No full textIn 1840 the newspaper The African Colonizer sent the Danish artist Paul Harro-Harring to Rio de Janeiro. The trip resulted in the series of paintings titled Tropical sketches from Brazil. The author of a controversial biography, Harro-Harring crafted an important set of works that reveal aspects of everyday life of slavery at the Rio de Janeiro coast. This article seeks to understand how the works of Tropical sketches from Brazil relate to Harring's literary and polemista work, setting conditions to undestanding his observational capacity, which is situated between lyric perspective, estrangement and documental registry. Works linked to an ample set of images that derives from expeditions, trips and (missions) dedicated to popularizing natural and human-made landscapes from distant lands.Em 1840, o jornal The African Colonizer enviou o artista dinamarquês Paul Harro-Harring para o Rio de Janeiro. A viagem reverteu-se na série de pinturas intitulada Tropical sketches from Brazil. Autor de biografia controversa, Harro-Harring confeccionou um importante conjunto de obras que revelam aspectos do cotidiano da escravidão no litoral fluminense. O artigo busca compreender como os trabalhos de Esboços tropicais do Brasil estão relacionados às produções literária e polemista de Harring e às políticas antiescravistas britânicas, nos oferecendo condições de compreender o olhar anedótico, pontuado entre uma perspectiva lírica, o estranhamento e o registro documental. Para tanto, realizamos um levantamento documental e revisões biográficas desse artista pouco debatido, bem como, delineamos em qual projeto visual ele estava inserido
Planning and Decision Support Tools for Integrated Water Resource Management on River Basin Level in South Africa on the Example of the Middle Olifants Sub-Basin
No full textThis paper presents methods and software tools for GIS-based planning and decision support in Integrated Water Resources Management. The approach results from the BMBF-funded research project "Integrated Water Resources Management in the Pilot Region Middle Olifants River, South Africa - MOSA". The tools developed provide an overview of quaternary river basins in order to identify hot-spot areas with increased problem intensity with regard to water quality and with a priority need for action.http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2197/paper7.pd
The possible contributory role of the S allele of 5-HTTLPR in the emergence of suicidality
No full textSuicide is a complex and challenging human phenomenon, and, although knowledge is expanding concerning its risk factors, its background is still not fully understood. There is currently an increasing interest in genetic factors associated with suicide, since these may lead to the emergence of personality traits and temperaments that may be long-term predictors of suicidal behaviour. One of the most likely genetic candidates in the background of suicide is the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene. This review focused on papers published on the association of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene and suicidal behaviour as well as research on possible endophenotypes related to suicide. Although there are contradictory results, several studies and meta-analyses support the idea that the S allele plays a role in the background of violent suicide. However, in order to be able to delineate the genetic background of suicide, different types of suicidal behaviour should be distinguished, since studies indicate that these may have different genetic factors. Also, personality traits and temperaments should be identified that may play a modulating role between genetic factors and suicidal behaviour. So far, neuroticism, affective temperaments, and impulsive aggression have been found to be associated with both the S allele and suicidal behaviour. This study aimed to integrate findings concerning possible endophenotypes modulating between genetic factors and manifested suicidal behaviour. © The Author(s) 2011 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav
Zuiderpershuis, a Cultural Powerplant
No full textThis project is about the revitalization of the cultural center: “the Zuiderpershuis”. The complex of buildings is marked as a heritage site and represents an important part of the city of Antwerp and its history as an industrial harbor city. The current lack of used space on the site and its seclusion from the city fabric prevent the place from presenting itself as relevant place to the public of the city. By attaching a new build volume which is beneficial programmatically as well as economically and by altering the urban fabric this place could be the cultural center that it deserves. This is all done while honoring the idea and history of this building complex. Only then it can once again aspire to be a place that brings together people interested in the arts and crafts, but also many more.Architecture, Urbanism and Building Science
Tasuta lehe kontseptsioon ja ärimudel. Tasuta lehe ärimudeli toimimine Eestis
No full textThe present study tries to analyze in the discourse of media economics the area not
studied in Estonia yet – the conception and business model of free papers.
Before starting with concrete Estonian cases the author considered it important to give
an overview of the conception and circulation strategies of free papers in the world,
first of all of the economically successful Metro.
The aim of the research is to study how structural changes in the Estonian media and
media use in the 1990s created favourable conditions for the emergence of free papers
in 1997. It appeared that free papers which emerged during the heavy competition
between the two media concerns fulfilled media political aim quite efficiently without
achieving the expected economic success.
To prove the above-mentioned facts, the author analyzes relying on certain economic
data the reasons of the economic failure of the free Tartu paper Tartu Börs. The
analysis revealed that business model of a certain channel contains so many factors,
that the model successfully functioning at one market does not function well in other
market conditions. The economic success of free papers in Estonia is opposed by the
small size of the market, absence of great travelling junctions and the factor that in
Estonia free papers emerged as a result of competition between media concerns.
The publishers of the free papers tried to follow the circulation and content
conception of the successful Metro but did not carry out fundamental analysis of the
situation on the advertising market, which is more important than barriers in entering the market. Another important obstacle was the fact, that free papers created an
unexpected inner competition with other publications on advertising market and the
publisher concentrated on ad sale.
From the point of view of academic discourse, the analysis of free papers as a case in
media economics, is limited from the one hand, as benefits and costs of a free paper as
a part of a media concern cannot be completely controlled. On the other hand, it is a
good case. For establishing the tradition of the analysis in media economics it is better
to start with a more simple case – free paper, the publishing expenses of which are
smaller compared to paid paper and the only source of income is the time and
attention of the reader materializing in advertizing profits.http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b1629952~S1*es
Meedia eneseregulatsiooni süsteemi efektiivsuse analüüs Pressinõukogu kirjavahetuse näitel
No full textThis bachelor’s thesis is titled “Analysis of efficiency of media’s self-regulation system
using the example of correspondence of Estonian Press Council” and studies the
correspondence between representatives of media outlets and the Estonian Press Council.
The major aim of the thesis has been to analyse the argumentation of the correspondence
and to ascertain whose position predominated in the explanations of the media outlet to
the Press Council. The thesis targets to identify to which extent does media’s self-
regulation protect individuals and what is the personal responsibility of journalists in this
self-regulation.
The analysed empirical material was the correspondence related to ten complaints which
were submitted to the Press Council in 2005. Upon each complaint, three texts were
studied – the complaint submitted by the complainant, the reply to it provided by the
representative of the media outlet, and the decision of the Press Council. Under each case
the author lists the basic statements and arguments of both the complainant and the
representative of the media outlet, and identifies whether the Press Council has proceeded
from the position of the complainant or the media outlet when making its decision.
The methodology used in this thesis was argumentation analysis by the methodology of
the French speech researcher Mathhieu Quignard, and critical discourse analysis where
the author primarily followed the theory of Norman Fairclough, the British social
scientist.
In addition to the above the author conducted interviews with chief editors of four
Estonian dailies in order to ascertain what is the usual procedure within the editorial staff
for compiling a reply to the Press Council, whose arguments generally prevail and how
do the chief editors evaluate the work efficiency of the Press Council.
The author of this bachelor’s thesis concludes that although the function of the Press
Council is to offer to the complainant a fast extrajudicial decision, this is not always
achieved. In the cases analysed in the thesis, the first reason for that was the lack of
dialogue between the representative of the media outlet and the complainant. This was
primarily due to the representative of the media outlet who shifted the focus of the
conflict away from the complainant’s main argument – either to another discourse or to
another aspect of the same discourse, or ignored the main argument of the complainant
altogether. In all cases covered in this study the media outlet denied its fault and the chief
editor in his/her reply often proceeded from the assumption that the conduct of the
journalist and editor had been accurate.
Another drawback in the work of the Press Council was the fact that their decisions were
mostly based on the statement of the media organisation and often neglected the main
argument of the complainant which had been the reason for filing the complaint.
The interviews with the chief editors enable to conclude that although the role of a
journalist’s personal responsibility has been considered a major factor in media’s self-
regulation system, in reality it remains to be a minor determinant within the editorial staff
of Estonian major dailies. The only exception was the economic daily Äripäev whose
chief editor specifically pointed out the personal responsibility of a journalist. It also
appeared from the interviews that the main function of chief editors is to supplement the
response to the complaint with tactical aspects. It can thus be concluded that the response
generally follows the interests of the media outlet, and according to the text analysis chief
editors often apply power discourse.
In conclusion - media’s self-regulation system does not ensure the protection of
individuals. According to the example of the Press Council, the basic disadvantages of
the system are: the lack of dialogue between the complainant and the representative of the
media outlet, failure from both the media outlet and the Press Council to take into
account the position of the complainant when providing a response, and the minor
personal role of a journalist in answering to the Press Council.http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2115268~S1*es
John Calvin, Political Thought
No full textJohn Calvin, 1509–1564, Reformer of Geneva, Frenchman, naturalized Genevan bourgeois 1559, authority for Reformed Christians throughout Europe, translator of the Bible into French, author of a famed theological text, the Institution (or Institutes) of the Christian Religion in successive Latin and French versions (first ed. 1536, last eds. 1559 (Latin), 1560 (French)), pastor, ecclesiastical organizer, bilingual preacher, and polemicist whose sermons and catechetical, controversial, and organizational works were very widely diffused
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