1,721,186 research outputs found
Winners and losers in the European Union
Full text linkThis special issue examines legislative decision-making in the European Union (EU). By focusing on specific examples of legislative decision-making and actors’ preferences in those situations, we aim to address questions of interest to mainstream Europeanists
Besluiten in uitvoering. Theorieen over beleidsuitvoering modelmatig getoetst op sociale vernieuwing in drie gemeenten
Full text linkThis book describes a positive model of the implementation of policy decisions. The model combines the salience of implementation agencies for policy decisions with the extent to which these agencies are efectively controlled, in order to predict agency deviations from policy decisions. Special attention is paid to the effects of (a lack of) political consensus on the amount of agency deviations. ...
Zie: Summary
Heeft het wegen van wetenschappelijke publikaties zin?
Full text linkIn this paper, scientific productivity of academic institutions, research groups, and researchers in Sociology is measured by counting the numbers of scientific publications. We investigate whether the use of weight factors for length, quality, and multiple authorship has arty effect on productivity ranking. We conclude that this is not the case for length and multiple authorship, but that weighting for quality matters. At the level of academic institutions and research groups, this effect is largest for publications in the Dutch language; at the level of the individual author, weighting for quality has the strongest effect for articles in journals
Policy making in the European Union. An analysis of the impact of the Reform of the Structrual Funds in Ireland.
Full text linkIn dit boekwordt ingegaan op de invloed van de Hervorming van het Structuurfonds op de nationale centrale overheden binnen het lerse politiek-bestuurlijke systeem. De toepassing van een kwantitatief besluitvormingsmodel biedt de mogelijkheíd de effectieve macht van actoren in besluitvormingssituaties te meten. ...
Zie: Samenvatting
Politieke besluiten en boerenbeslissingen. Het draagvlak van het Mestbeleid tot 2000.
Full text linkDuring the past decades the problem ofpollution entered the agenda of policy makers at the national as well as the international level. Increasing concern for the environment has entailed that the agricultural sector and the negative consequences of agricultural production have become the subject of both public and political discussion. ...
Zie: Summary
Medische besluitvorming een aanzet tot formele geneeskunde
Full text linkIn deze studie, waarvan de inhoud gedurende vijf jaar de stof heeft gevormd van een keuzeprojekt "Methodologie van de klinische geneeskunde", wordt een logisch raamwerk voor de medische besluitvorming gegeven. Er wordt nagegaan wat er over het onderzoek- en behandelingsproces in het algemeen in de medische literatuur is geschreven. Vervolgens wordt er meer in detail nagegaan hoe het onderzoek- en behandelingsproces verloopt en welke beslissingsstappen daarin voorkomen. Daarna wordt na een korte inleiding over grafentheorie aangegeven hoe de medische kennis in de vorm van een gesigneerde gerichte graaf kan worden weergegeven. Verder wordt van een deelgebied van de nefrologie getoond hoe de literatuur kan worden geanalyseerd om daarna tot de synthese van een kennisgraaf te komen. Tenslotte wordt een beeld gegeven van de invloed die van formele regels in de geneeskunde verwacht mag worden op de praktische geneeskunde, het medisch onderwijs en het medisch wetenschappelijk onderzoek. ...
Zie: Samenvatting
'You scratch my back and I scratch yours' versus 'love thy neighbour' : two proximate mechanisms of reciprocal altruism
Full text linkEvolutionary psychologists generally believe that reciprocal altruism, the mutual providing of benefits, is governed by a ‘You scratch my back and I scratch yours’, or scorekeeping mechanism. According to this view, individuals are primarily concerned with maintaining a balanced relationship; that is: in interactions with other individuals they avoid both to underbenefit and to overbenefit. In this way, they avoid to be exploited by individuals who reap the benefits of other people’s generosity without giving anything in return. However, there are several shortcomings to this view. First of all, it is doubtful whether a scorekeeping mechanism would have been beneficial under the conditions in which our ancestors evolved. Moreover, empirical support for a scorekeeping mechanism is weak: especially among friends the providing of mutual benefits seems explicitly not to be governed by a scorekeeping mechanism.
The primary goal of this dissertation is to demonstrate that the scorekeeping mechanism is not so ubiquitous as is generally believed and to show that there is considerable evidence for the operation of a an alternative mechanism: a ‘Love thy neighbour’, or bonding mechanism. The bonding mechanism is primarily focused on helping one’s friends if they are in need. In addition, the question is addressed whether the bonding mechanism is more biologically prepared than the scorekeeping mechanism. A third goal is to examine the effect of emotions, which are considered to play an important role in the evolutionary psychological concept of proximate mechanisms, on typical bonding and scorekeeping behavior.
The dissertation starts with an extensive introductory chapter discussing the evolutionary psychological perspective in general, as well as the issue of reciprocal altruism. It also elaborates on some well-known criticisms of evolutionary perspectives. The subsequent chapters examine data and findings from various sources for their support for the bonding and the scorekeeping mechanism. Chapter 2 consists of a review of the anthropological literature on food sharing in current hunter-gatherer societies. It provides no indisputable support for the scorekeeping mechanism. Sharing patterns either support the concept of a bonding mechanism or are empirically equivalent with both mechanisms. Chapter 3 presents simulation data about the relative success of a scorekeeping strategy and a bonding strategy. The results show that actors using a bonding strategy are equally successful in maintaining their numbers when confronted with non-cooperative actors, as compared to actors using a scorekeeping strategy. Moreover, when conditions are harsh, bonding actors are more successful in invading a population of non-cooperative actors. Chapters 4 and 5 describe the results of scenario-experiments, in which subjects were confronted with scenarios posing a dilemma between bonding behavior (helping someone in need) and scorekeeping behavior (refusing to help someone who is in one’s debt, and repaying a creditor). Subjects were more likely to perform bonding behavior if the object of help was assistance in the case of illness than they were if it concerned the lending of money. In addition, friends induced more bonding behavior than acquaintances. There was no support that one of either mechanisms was biologically more prepared.
Emotions were shown to play an important role. Helping a person in need appeared to be correlated with emotions of warmth and commitment. Refusing to help a person who is in one’s debt was correlated with retaliatory emotions, like irritation, indignation, and anger. In contrast to expectations, the decision to repay a creditor rather than help a needy person was not correlated with emotions like gratitude, guilt and fear of retaliation.
A social network-based approach to assess de facto independence of regulatory agencies
Full text link<p>This article uses a policy network perspective to assess the independence of regulatory agencies (RAs) in liberalized public utility sectors. We focus on the de facto independence of RAs from elected politicians, regulatees and other co-regulators. We go further than previous studies, which only undertook a general analysis of the de jure independence of RAs from political authorities. Specifically, we apply a social network analysis (SNA), which concentrates on the attributes and relational profiles of all actors involved in new regulatory arrangements. The concept of de facto independence is applied to the Swiss telecommunications sector in order to provide initial empirical insights. Results clearly show that SNA indicators are an appropriate tool to identify the de facto independence of RAs and can improve knowledge about the issues arising from the emergence of the regulatory State'.</p>
Social networks and intergroup conflict
Full text linkConflicts between groups are among the most challenging problems of mankind. They arise as groups compete for the possession of certain scarce resources. Under what conditions does such competition lead to conflict or to a peaceful coexistence? Why do individual group members, despite the likelihood of being harmed, voluntarily become involved in conflicts? Social Networks and Intergroup Conflict explores how decisions of individuals in competitive intergroup relations are influenced by their social network and by a common past and future. Social network effects are studied with a specific focus on the segregation effect. It is shown how these effects arise from individual actions that are constrained by social control which takes place in the individuals network neighborhood. The study reveals conditions under which social control has positive or negative effects on individual participation in conflict. It shows the mechanisms through which social control operates and affects intergroup relations. In repeated interactions it is analyzed how and to what extent individuals apply behavioral heuristics that are driven by past experience or are based on future expectations. This study examines these questions using analytical, computer simulation and experimental tools in order to promote methods of conflict resolution.
Speaking Up in Organizations: Four Studies on Employee Voice
Full text linkDisseratie Groningen ICS
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