23 research outputs found
Expression of Tetraspanin Markers in Benign Prostate Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer // Експресия на тетраспанинови маркери при доброкачествена хиперплазия и карцином на простатната жлеза
No full textПрез последните години бяха постигнати значителни успехи в по-прецизното стратифициране на пациентите с простатен карцином с цел избягване на ненужни терапевтични интервенции или недостатъчно агресивно лечение при привидно нискорискови тумори. Независимо от постигнатите резултати в изясняването на механизмите на канцерогенезата, много въпроси, свързани с биологията на неопластичните заболявания, остават неизяснени. Интересът към протеините от групата на тетраспанините се повиши и те все повече се утвърждават като молекулни биомаркери с изразен прогностичен и диагностичен потенциал. Ключовата им роля на координатори на клетъчния мотилитет и междуклетъчни взаимодействия в екстрацелуларния матрикс при физиологични и патологични условия ги постави във фокуса на редица научни изследвания, свързани с инвазивния и метастатичен потенциал на малигнените тумори. Изследването на тетраспанините CD9 и CD151 би довело до разкриване ва зависимостта между тези протеини и някои от най-неблагоприятните клиникоморфологични параметри при простатния карцином като периневрална инвазия, ниска туморна диференциация и крибриформен модел на растеж. Бъдещите изследвания на CD9 и CD151 в контекста на взаимодействието им с техните молекулни партньори в процесите на неопластичната прогресия и метастазиране биха изяснили комплексния им образ по отношение на тяхното прогностично значение.In recent years, significant progress has been made in stratifying prostate cancer patients more precisely to avoid unnecessary therapeutic interventions or insufficient aggressive treatment of seemingly low-risk tumours. Despite the results achieved in elucidating the mechanisms of carcinogenesis, many questions related to the biology of neoplastic diseases remain unclear. Interest in tetraspanin proteins is growing, and they are increasingly established as molecular biomarkers with pronounced prognostic and diagnostic potential. Their key role as coordinators of cellular motility and intercellular interactions in the extracellular matrix under physiological and pathological conditions has placed them in the focus of a number of scientific studies related to the invasive and metastatic potential of malignant tumours. Examination of the tetraspanins CD9 and CD151 would reveal the relationship between these proteins and some of the most unfavourable clinical and morphological parameters in prostate cancer, such as perineural invasion, low tumour differentiation, and the cribriform growth pattern. Future studies of CD9 and CD151 in the context of their interaction with their molecular partners in the processes of neoplastic progression and metastasis would clarify their complex image in terms of their prognostic significance
AMELOBLASTOMA OF THE JAW BONES: CLINICAL STUDY AND CASE REPORT
Full text linkAmeloblastoma's origin is the epithelium of ectodermal origin, which means they are tumors arising from the cells around the tooth root or, in close approximation, derived from the ectoderm. It is a benign but locally aggressive tumor with a high tendency to recur. Patients after ameloblastoma treatment need a life-long follow-up.
We present an 82-year-old female patient diagnosed with ameloblastoma and treated by us. She has been referred to the clinic by doctor of dental medicine because of a routine panoramic rentgenography, which displayed rentgenographic evidence for a cyst-like tumor formation on her mandible. The patient did not have any complaints.
The patient was reffered for further paraclinical imaging tests – dental panoramic radiography (OPG) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The location and borders of the lesion were determined - it was circumferentially attached to the root of 44 tooth, well-outlined linea albuginea was present, the diameter of the lesion was approximately 26 mm.
Bone curettage was the treatment plan - the surgical intervention in this volume was chosen as a consequence of the refusal of the patient of a partial mandibulectomy and according to her age – 82.
The histopathological examination of the curettage revealed a locally infiltrative tumor process engaging the submitted bone and fibrous tissue. The final pathological diagnosis was conventional ameloblastoma with a predominantcanthomatous pattern.
On the control panoramic rentgenography one year after the operation, no pathological changes in the field of the operative site were found
Contemporary recommendations and perspectives for the morphological evaluation of prostate gland adenocarcinoma
Full text linkSince its inception during the Gleason era, the system of histological grading of prostate cancer has undergone significant changes. The Consensus Conference of the International Society of Uropathology in 2014 updated the criteria for morphological assessment, with the most significant differences being in terms of determining the role of the fused and cribriform glands. In addition, patients with prostate cancer are assigned to new prognostic groups, which refines the therapeutic approach, especially in cases with moderately differentiated tumors. The 2019 Consensus Conference brings additional clarity on some problematic aspects in connection with the determination of the tumor pathological stage and tumor grade in prostate cancer and defines valuable recommendations for practicing pathologists. This review discusses in detail the tumor grading system included in the WHO book from 2016 and presents the consensus decisions of leading uropathologists in recent years. This new data would help general pathologists improve their diagnostic skills, which would optimize the choice of the therapeutic approach assigned by clinicians
Measurement Uncertainty Analysis of a Twyman-Green Interferometer for Lens Testing
No full textThere is a growing demand for precision and high-quality optical objectives and lenses due to their numerous advantages and uses. The market for high precision objective lenses has tremendous potential for development and is a sector that is expanding quickly. Measuring the aberrations of optical systems is an essential step in the fabrication of high precision optical components. However, when working at the cutting-edge of technology, it is increasingly difficult to provide trustworthy measurements as the used metrology instrument has to be of comparable or higher precision. This poses a major problem especially when working with high numerical aperture (NA) optics.In this thesis, we will analyze and quantify the measurement uncertainty of a Twyman-Green interferometer used for lens testing of high-NA microscope objectives.To quantify the measurement uncertainty of the interferometer, various sources of uncertainty that affect the accuracy and precision of the measurements are considered. These include environmental and instrumentation factors such as incorrect phase-stepping, laser instability, camera noise, stray light, photon shot noise, effects of mid-spatial frequencies originating in the optical reference, as well as computational shortcomings such as: incorrect phase unwrapping, polynomial fit errors, incorrect pupil scaling and edge detection.By carefully analyzing these individual sources of uncertainty and their impact, we determine the overall measurement uncertainty of the interferometer and provide an assessment of its accuracy through Monte Carlo simulations, where the introduced uncertainties are obtained from real measurement data. The uncertainty analysis procedure described in this paper is a useful tool that can also be applied to different types of interferometers by taking proper considerations into account.Mechanical Engineering | Micro and Nano Engineerin
Between Malignancy and Infection: The Diagnostic Challenge of Tuberculous Cervical Lymhadenomegaly – A Case Report
No full textIntroduction. Tuberculous (TB) lymphadenitis is the most frequent extrapulmonary manifestation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, with predominant involvement of the cervical lymph nodes (LN). Bilateral LN enlargement in elderly patients, especially in the presence of a thyroid nodule, may closely mimic malignant disease. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of distinguishing TB from metastatic thyroid carcinoma and contributes to literature by emphasizing the role of minimally invasive and molecular techniques in diagnosis.
Case report. An 83-year-old female was admitted with progressive bilateral cervical swelling, pain, and systemic symptoms, including weight loss, fatigue, and night sweats. Physical examination revealed bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy and a palpable thyroid nodule. Laboratory studies showed microcytic anemia, leukopenia, and subclinical hypothyroidism. Computed tomography demonstrated bilateral cervical and mesenteric lymphadenopathy, right pleural effusion with pulmonary consolidation, and splenomegaly. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of a cervical LN revealed granulomatous inflammation, while polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cytological evaluation of the thyroid nodule was benign. A final diagnosis of disseminated extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) with LNs, pleural, and probable thyroid involvement was established. The patient was referred to a specialized tuberculosis clinic for further management, but follow-up data were not available.
Conclusion. This case illustrates the diagnostic complexity of EPTB, particularly when concurrent thyroid pathology is present. In such patients, TB may be clinically and radiologically indistinguishable from metastatic malignancy. FNA combined with molecular testing significantly enhances diagnostic accuracy, reducing the need for excisional biopsy
Prevalence of intestinal colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria and related bloodstream infections in patients with hematological malignancies
No full textKNOWLEDGE AS AN ECONOMIC RESOURCE AND A SOURCE OF WEALTH
No full textThe realisation of knowledge as a major factor in production on the one hand, and also its main product on the other, has provoked the necessity to clarify its nature as an economic category in a knowledge-based economy. This article examines the ambivalent nature of existing knowledge as a public and private source of wealth, the possibilities for transforming it from a private to a public source of wealth through “overflow“, and the pros and cons of possible paths for advancement in the field of research and development.
Special attention has been paid to the characteristics of knowledge as an economic category: the specific way of expropriation, preserving usefulness and self-expansion in the process of consumption; changes in the nature and in the mechanism of accumulation and also changes to property relations in a knowledge society; inseparability from the owner as a personalised source of wealth. In terms of content, the article complements and builds on the ideas put forward by the author in the plenary paper entitled, "Knowledge as an Economic Category” presented during the seventy-fifth anniversary conference at th D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics in Svishtov
Ranula as a Complication of Dental Implant Therapy: A Case Report and Systematic Review
Full text linkIntroduction. Ranulas are pseudocysts caused by saliva retention or extravasation from the sublingual or submandibular gland. Trauma is believed to be the most common cause of ranula formation, but it can also result from ductal obstruction or congenital malformation. Ranulas are relatively rare to encounter in clinical practice and infrequently associated with dental implant therapy.
Methods. This study presents a case report of ranula formation in the right sublingual gland in association with dental implant therapy. In addition, a systematic review of case reports on this problem was conducted. The study aimed to identify the etiology of ranula development during/after implant therapy in patients undergoing implant-based dental rehabilitation. An advanced search was conducted on October 22, 2024, using the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases. The exported data demonstrated that reports on ranula formation were scarce. Four studies met the eligibility criteria; three were included in this analysis after quality assessments.
Results. It was found that procedures leading to ranula formation were dental implant surgery in the mandible with perforation of the lingual plate and laceration of the sublingual or submandibular gland and placement of implant-retained overdentures causing duct obstructions. The treatment approaches included salivary gland excision (when the gland was traumatized) and duct marsupialization (when the ducts were obstructed). In the case report presented in this study, the etiology was attributed to soft tissue trauma caused by the implant drill during surgery. Different treatment modalities were used, including marsupialization, incision, and drainage. However, all led to a recurrence, and the gland was completely removed.
Conclusions. Ranula formation has rarely been associated with dental implant therapy, with only a few reports in the literature. This case report suggests that ranulas may develop during implant placement, even if the lingual plate is not perforated. Such complications can be prevented through meticulous treatment planning and precise surgical techniques. The treatment of choice for ranulas remains sialadenectomy, especially in patients with a history of recurrence
Ranula as a Complication of Dental Implant Therapy
No full textRetention cysts are relatively uncommon complication of dental implant therapy. This study aims to answer the following question: What is the etiology of ranula development (outcome) after implant therapy (intervention) in patients undergoing implant-based dental rehabilitation (patients)
Practical algorithms for the diagnosis of some salivary gland tumors
Full text linkSalivary glands represent one of the most complex organ localizations in terms of routine diagnostic practice in pathoanatomy. This is due to the fact that the tumors originating from them show enormous morphological diversity and a number of overlapping histological features. Despite the WHO's attempt to simplify the tumor classification in its latest edition, more than 30 types of neoplasias still require precise study for a successful diagnostic process.Determining the malignant potential of basaloid and biphasic tumors is sometimes a particularly complex task.It is important to know the basic cytoarchitectural features of each type of tumor, in particular whether the tumor shows double luminal-abluminal cell differentiation, so that the diagnosis can be made logically by analyzing the cellular components, cellular arrangement, and extracellular components. Therefore, when formulating a diagnosis, one should not rely on isolated fields of the tumor but take into account the overall characteristics, the most important of which are the tumor borders, the cellular composition and arrangement in the tumor tissue, the characteristics of individual cells, and the presence and characterization of myoepithelial stroma.In this review article, we discuss current recommendations and algorithms for distinguishing some salivary gland tumors that pose more frequent diagnostic problems
